【 Weak current College 】 fire experts describe the history of the foam fire extinguishing agent

In mechanical foam, mankind from the beginning of the use of synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent. But synthetic foam against oil fire effect is not ideal, so the people who developed the protein foam. Aqueous film forming foam, fluorine protein foam, formation of protein foam. In order to deal with alcohol fire, developed a resistance to alcohol foam.

(A) protein foam fire extinguishing agent

In 1922, the United States standard oil company of Jennings put animal glue and ferrous sulfate injection to petrol, preventing their evaporation on the surface of a fire, this is the world's earliest protein foam for fire.

Later, Germany of Sen de Paula Rubio and Marilyn find, the protein-water decomposition of the best foam fire extinguishing agent. They put the protein decomposition of water and sulphuric acid-solution as two separate placement of aqueous solutions. Use mixed up, inhalation of air mixing foam, they also in protein decomposition of water, add salt, ferrous sulfate as a thickening agent, developed the current protein foam. Their 5% concentration of fresh water, sea water composition mixture, 8 times the foam, stability to remain on the surface of oil. Germany Hamburg, Tamara company still selling this kind of foam liquid.

In 1932, Germany's Tommy thar company officially started the construction of the factory, the production of protein foam liquid.

1937, Lazare developed with hoof horn powder, albumin, immunoglobulin, and other protein as raw materials, the use of calcium hydroxide decomposing methods, which in 1939, after the United Kingdom and Germany.

In 1944, the United Kingdom Government recognized the hoof horn powder with water decomposition, add preparation of ferrous sulfate.

In 1945, the United Kingdom official Institute published the Clark and Derby's research report, which made use of animal blood, shoe horn, raw materials, the use of caustic soda, calcium hydroxide, alkaline or acid, enzyme decomposition method, and on the determination method of foam performance for a detailed description. This research report is now on the foam is the most important research materials. Famous PB report is World War II Germany's technology research results, including foam research results, transfer to the United States after the war. Since Germany's sea Sixt company also in sales according to PB report research results developed, called TUTOGEL protein foam fire extinguishing agent.

From the end of the second world war to the war, foam extinguishing agent of gravity from Europe to the United States. In 1946, the United States on protein foam extinguishing agent in the army, Navy and joint technical requirements (JAN-C-266), United States Ambassador to the European, Asian army are the technical requirements of the procurement protein foam liquid, have a great impact. Time, the world of foam is almost always used the same formula.

To the 1960s, Japan began to introduce petrochemical factories, and rapid growth. At the same time, Japan-related researchers try protein, fish meal, raw wool and other birds as found with caustic soda water decomposition of cattle, horses, and other blood dried blood meal, add iron salts, made of protein foam liquid can also be reached JAN-C-266 technical requirements, allowing protein foam liquid raw materials more diversified.

In our country, 1967, fire equipment factory in Shanghai and Beijing fire equipment factory developed 6% protein foam fire extinguishing agent, after domestic protein foam gradually replace imported products.

(B) Fluor protein foam fire extinguishing agent

Protein foam to fight oil fires, there are excellent and complete resistance to oil, fire resistance, but poor liquidity, foam vulnerable to oil pollution weaknesses. In order to solve these problems, the United States nationals foam company in 1965 developed commodity as fluoride protein foam AER-O-FOAMXL. Fluor protein foam good fluidity, and affected by the oil pollution nor easily defoaming, can take the form of liquid Jet. Followed by a citizen of the United Kingdom foam company, Angus, ICI company also made the fluorine protein foam liquid to FP-70 item sold on the market. In Europe, after the advent of Fluor protein foam, soon replaced protein foam into the mainstream of the protection of the tank. Now, speaking of protein foam, Europe and the United States generally refers to fluorine protein foam. Thanks to Angus company production of fluoride protein foam liquid in this market sales up, so in some places FP-70 became synonymous with Fluor protein foam. However, fluorine protein foam price not less than the high protein foam, in Japan, because the Act mandated that fluoride protein foam is rarely used.

In 1982, the Ministry of public security fire Research Institute, Tianjin developed fluoride protein foam fire extinguishing agent, and fire equipment factory in Beijing and Shenyang traces of fire equipment, fire protection potion factory in the suburbs of Luoyang, jiangdu fire protection potion factory (now renamed the Yangzhou jiangya fire pharmaceutical co., Ltd.) went over 10 manufacturers.

In 1993, the Ministry of public security of Tianjin fire Research Institute developed multi-functional fluoride protein foam and pharmaceutical factory fire in Xinghua production.

(3) synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent

This synthetic foam extinguishing agent known as A type of foam, its composition is a hydrocarbon surfactants. Synthetic foam originally aimed for A class a fire, not the B class a fire. In the face of very small-scale oil fire, and do only the surfactant foam, a large number of spray can put out the fire, but bubble in oil surface quickly damaged. Synthetic foam is mainly used for the medium and high expansion foam, but can also be used as a low-expansion foam.

Surfactants used as foam, foam than protein. 1903, Germany in an aqueous solution of ammonium soaps into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, generate air bubbles.

1930, Germany's Daimler, left, Ruth, add sodium dodecyl sulfate as a stabilizer of animal glue, etc. In order to extend the analysis of the water, they also added the carboxymethyl cellulose and as antifreeze agent of alcohols, continue to conduct research. This kind of surfactants to 2-4% aqueous solution using styrofoam multiples of up to 10-18 times, but its oil resistance, fire resistance of all badAgainst oil fire is not a very effective.

Following the second world war, as the world's largest customer United States Army decided to use protein foam, synthetic surfactant foam market disappeared.

From the 1960s, Japan for the rapid development of the petrochemical industry, produce large amounts of various types of surfactant. Because of the surfactant dosage form of foam as long as the mixing of several raw materials, does not require fire extinguishing agent professional production companies, therefore, Japan's detergent manufacturers, manufacturers of fire-fighting equipment, fire extinguishers manufacturers has more than 20 respectively manufacturing surfactant foam extinguishing agent to market. Since this type of foam to low multiples to oil fires as protein foam, people put their hair into high expansion foam fire extinguishing, i.e. at a large amount of foam to oil fire flame parts. Surfactant foam generation of high-expansion foam can also be used for fire extinguishing general building.

As the 1970s, Japan's economy continued to grow, the road of oil tanker, an increasing number of vehicles, the average family in fuel furnace is becoming more and more popular, so that the original confined to the tank farm, petrochemical enterprises of oil fire, on the road, the occurrence of residence also increased significantly. Local fire departments to take the appropriate measures, purchase a lot of surfactant foam extinguishing agent class. In 1975, Japan promulgated the "foam technology requirements of order," which on the surface active agent class of foam is also provided, which gives rise to the foam fire extinguishing oil class to make the illusion of Japan reserves surfactant foam for fire departments to increase further, synthetic surfactant foam extinguishing agent in Japan entered a golden age.

In 2003, Japan Tokachi-region experienced an earthquake occurred when tank fire, the Fire Department used synthetic surfactant foam off the fire, since most of the fire brigade reached number cannot be used surfactant foam fire extinguishing oil.

Since then, Japan rarely used surfactant foam fire extinguishing oil, mainly as A kind of foam used for compressed air foam system (CAFS). But as parts of the fire brigade for big fire with much volume do not understand, in price formation bottleneck, so in fighting A fire with synthetic surfactant foam.

After World War II in Europe, essentially no synthetic surfactant foam used oil fire in the 1970s, the United States developed the compressed air foam system (CAFS), synthetic surfactant foam as A kind of an increase in the number of foam used. With CAFS promotion to the world, as A kind of foam used synthetic surfactant foam production also increased accordingly, synthetic surfactant foam extinguishing agent again to people of all ages.

At home, in 1975, the Ministry of public security fire Research Institute, Shanghai, Liaoning Coal Institute 6 flats co-develop WP-type high-expansion foam fire extinguishing agent. In 1990, the Ministry of public security fire Research Institute, Tianjin development of third generation tolerance and resistance to smoke high-expansion foam fire extinguishing agent, Kawai in Beijing fire materials plant put into production.

(4) aqueous film forming foam fire extinguishing agent

Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) is the United States of that law, there are many countries called fluorinated surfactant foam, because its main compositions are fluorinated surfactant.

Aqueous film forming foam is the invention of the United States. 1946-1952, United States Navy Technical Institute-research groups in Wiseman's wettability, fluorinated surfactant with repellency to oil, and repulsion. The Institute's research on the Chubb fluorinated surfactant as an extinguishing agent application, and developed it and powder extinguishing agent for use with the system. This separation foam fluorinated surfactant aqueous solutions in the oil surface film, floating above, after the fire occurred and to prevent and combat the steam comes alive. Since its formation in oil on the surface of water-based film, United States Navy called light-water-foam, and in 1964 and patented.

This patent was later transferred to the United States by 3 m, 3 m continues to use the "light-water-foam" commodity, then other companies also produce and sell the foam fire extinguishing agent, due to the technical requirements of the military could not be used on the product name, this foam unified renamed aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). In 1979, the Ministry of public security fire Research Institute, Tianjin and Shanghai organic common developed the first generation of aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent and Qingdao Lou mountain fire equipment factory was put into production. In 1995, the Ministry of public security of Tianjin fire Research Institute developed a third-generation multi-purpose aqueous film forming foam fire extinguishing agent.

(5) against alcohol foam fire extinguishing agent

In 1939, Germany's Daimler invented in protein plus water decomposition of fatty acid zinc SOAP in the join, forming foam with anti-soluble. In 1950, Gimbel and felchlin Ford in surfactant, add sodium alginate. The foam resistance to stripping, because sodium alginate and alcohol exposure, build insoluble gel. 1952, United States of Bay using surfactants and ethanolamine, lactic acid, aluminum and fatty acids in soybean protein hydrolysate of decentralized approach enables protein foam anti-stripping, Lazar is using ethanolamine make zinc SOAP fatty acids in the protein in a decentralized way to achieve the same ends. However, the metal soaps of the fatal flaws of foam-excessive time is short, cannot overcome. The concentrate in mixed with water for more than 2-3 minutes not foam. Therefore piping must be short and cannot be used in fixed installations. 1974, United States of Caesar discovery polysaccharide polymer gel after exposure to alcohol, so add it in fluorinated surfactant and hydrocarbon surfactants, alcohol-resistant foam, formation and patented. This foam in cyclohexanone surface water film, known as AR-AR-AFFF or AFFF, now used a lot in Europe and America. Japan's Red Hill developed in protein and add water decomposition of fluorinated surfactant foam formation of alcohol. This foam and foam resistant to alcohol in the past, will not precipitate generated in aqueous solution, and not only to fight alcohol fire, but also to fight petroleum fires such as gasoline. In these two categories of new anti alcohol foam application, alcohol-resistant metal soapsBubbles gradually disappeared. In our country, 1976 the Ministry of public security fire Research Institute in Shanghai and the Shanghai plant common synthetic detergent developed metal SOAP, alcohol-resistant foam and synthetic detergent in Shanghai four factory production.

(6) film-forming foam with protein

1980s, the United Kingdom of Britain Gus company developed the film f protein foam extinguishing agent, by the 1990s, China's Ministry of public security fire Research Institute, Tianjin has also developed a film-forming foam with protein.

Currently, foam extinguishing agent technology, domestic enterprises have basically catch developed country, to the largest foam production enterprises in Xinghua suolong company, for example, the enterprise is capable of producing all kinds of foam, with low viscosity film f protein foam has reached the international advanced level, and are exported to the Middle East and Southeast Asian countries.