【 Weak current College 】 Arcade Fire prevention---Power By 【 China power house network 】

In recent years, as China's reform and opening up continuous in-depth, many cities are new or reconstructed a batch size is big, the versatile and luxurious decoration, merchandise and upscale shopping centre, attracting tens of thousands of customers, for the prosperity of our market economy plays a positive role. The rapid development of the market, because of the fire protection measures have not been implemented in a timely fashion, leading shopping centre fire. Such as fire, Tangshan linxi department store shopping center fire, Zhengzhou natural longfu fire in Beijing and Shenyang commercial city fire and so on have resulted in huge economic losses, some also have serious casualties. Therefore, strengthening of the fire service, strengthening market awareness of fire safety is very important. The first section of the shopping centre of the fire risk
A large area, Business Office, and each floor space delimited connection down, fire prevention, fire spread easily expanded
Shopping Business Hall of building area is generally quite big, small, thousands of square meters, the largest of tens of thousands of square meters; multiple layers of shopping malls, most of them equipped with escalators, layer communicates; some also has a central courtyard, the shopping centre of the fire separation problem quite prominent.
Second, flammable items, easily result in financial loss
Shopping centre management products, most of the combustible materials, some of the goods themselves while combustible materials, but its box, box it is combustible. There are some items such as nail polish, mousse, hair spray and small packages of gasoline, alcohol, and other organic solvents, and butane gas (cigarette lighter), matches, celluloid products, etc., are flammable and explosive hazardous chemicals. Shopping malls, most of the optional type shelve, counters, some goods such as apparel, textiles, crafts, bags, belt clips, etc., also hanging space in malls. The characteristics of the goods is highly concentrated, and fuel-shelf sales surface area greater than any other place, in the event of fire, it will spread rapidly.
Shopping goods turnover, in addition to a large number of furnishings very quickly at the counter and shelves for customers to purchase, usually in the back of each counter is also equipped with respective silos, formed after the "front tank" or even "library to store generation library", in the aisle is cluttered with merchandise. Especially leased to individual counters and even more so, resulting in the malls and stores a lot of goods. In the event of fire, causing serious damage. Additionally, shopping malls counters, shelves and many are combustible materials production, these counters, shelves although grouping layout, but distance is generally smaller, basically the contiguous acres.
Third, the shopping centre staff gathered, flow quantity big, easily lead to serious casualties
Another characteristic of the customer, and casual men, was caught in the shoulder, in China has become the highest density in public service, the maximum flow rate, business hours, in case of a fire, could lead to confusion, evacuation is more difficult, resulting in significant loss of life. On the underground shopping mall, the problem is even more serious. Underground shopping centre is available for customer use of the area are often smaller than the floor shopping centre, in customer traffic equally large personnel density significantly above ground and underground shopping mall; the safe evacuation channel, export volume and width due to the limitation defence, and is less than the floor shopping centre. Underground shopping centre, the lack of natural light and ventilation conditions, in the event of fire, the inevitable panic, people will inevitably be PLE and stepped on the dead by accident; closed due to construction space, the toxic smoke will fill the shopping centre, prone to cause people died of asphyxia.
4. electric lighting equipment, fire factor more
Electrical lighting equipment arcade fire risk, according to the function and uses the following features:
1. install the top in Mall, pillar, wall lighting, decorative lighting, the use of Ribbon or group installed fluorescent, some shopping with twinkling lights of deep cover. These lamps are buried inside the installation in the ceiling, the amount is larger, and fluorescent lamp ballasts easy heating fire, deep hood lamp using power large incandescent lamps, also easy baked nearby combustibles.
2. install the counter on the commodity shop window and the lighting, fluorescent lamps, there are a variety of spotlight. Spotlight addition cold light source, other light sources of the spotlight, surface temperatures are high enough to be fuel oven.
3. shopping centres and commercial shop in addition to the large install advertising neon lights and light box, there's also the installation of the operating activities of advertising, neon transformer motor, a larger fire risk.
4. during the holidays, shopping centres and also temporary install various coloured lights, the festive mood.
5. business lighting equipment and household appliances, counters, for testing needs, also fitted with temporary power outlet, no air conditioning system of the shopping centre, in summer also makes extensive use of fan cooling, etc.
Above all kinds of electrical lighting equipment, the large number of varieties and lines, the complex is incomparable to other public buildings, plus daily business for a long time, if the design, installation, use, inadvertently, extremely easy to cause a fire.
6. other factors have also caused many disasters, such as a shopping centre for the convenience of users, also attached a garment processing Department, home appliance repair shop, watches, eyewear, cameras, etc., repair shop, these sites often require the use of electric irons, electric iron and other heating appliances.
V. fight great difficulty
Arcade Fire, fuels, a large space, spread fast; customer to evacuation, fire extinguishing the inverse direction, rescue and evacuation of workers, fight fires are quite difficult; in addition there is a fire, smoke and high temperature, the firefighters reconnaissance fire difficulties quickly put out a fire. The second section of the main fire protection requirements
First, building fire resistance rating
According to national technical specifications relating to the fire, the fire resistance rating of new shopping centres should not be less than level 2 in General, the mall's ceiling and other decoration materials, the use of combustible materials, original architecture of wooden structures in the combustible and fire resistance of steel-framed structure with low, measures must be taken to improve its fire resistance rating. Arcade racking and counters should be used in combination with metal frame and glass panels.
Second, the shopping centre of layout and fireproofing
1. ensure that personnel access and evacuation channel area. Shopping Centre Hall as public places, the customer area of the passenger should be required toBe fully taken into account. Shelf with people of the proportion of the public area: integrated large shopping centres or multi-tiered arcades are generally not less than 1: 1.5; smaller malls at not less than 1: 1. The public area of the passenger traffic, average by customer during the peak time traffic is not less per capita 0.4m2 space occupied. Counter group layout, group and group is greater than or equal to the distance between 3m.
2. shopping centre of the building design fire protection standard and the high civil building design fire protection standard law Division fire partitions. Multi-tiered arcades on the ground by a partition, 2500m2 underground press 500m2 as a fire retardant partition; such as shopping centres are equipped with sprinkler systems, fire protection district area doubled; senior store if there is fire auto-alarm systems, automatic sprinkler systems, and does not burn or nonflammable materials decoration, fire compartment area can be extended to the 4000m2, underground shopping center fire compartment area extends to 2000m2.
3. for the elevator and stairs, escalators, etc through upper and lower floors of the hole, you should install the fire door or fire curtain separated, for pipe wells, well, its cable each layer inspection openings should install class c fire door, and every other 2 ~ 3 floor Department used the equivalent floor fire resistance of non-burning material separated.
4. small transit warehouse stores, clothing and household appliances, watches, eyewear repair shop, and so should be set independently with the business office.
5. oil-immersed power transformers, should not be located in the underground shopping arcade, if you have set, you should avoid the personnel-intensive areas and entrances, and the application of the fire resistance is not lower than the partition and 3h fire resistance is not lower than the floor and the other 2h parts separated by a door in the wall, should be used in class a fire door, transformer following should have all the storage of the transformer oil storage facilities of the accident.
6. air conditioning room into each of the floors or fire partitions on horizontal branch pipe shall be in accordance with the regulations set fire to the fire safety valve automatically closes. Air duct on the use of insulation, sound-absorbing materials should use inflammable or nonflammable materials.
III. evacuation
1. shopping centre is one of the officers of the public areas, safe evacuation must comply with the national technical specifications relating to fire protection requirements, the shopping centre to have a sufficient number of safe export and multi-faceted and uniform settings; should not influence customer flow set the safe evacuation of the revolving door, side doors, etc.
2. stair, aisle, evacuation, door width, such as evacuation should be consistent with the relevant provisions of the fire technical specifications. Secure export, evacuation, with doors, stairs, you should set the lighting crossing evacuation signs and emergency lighting.
IV. fire-fighting facilities
Arcade Fire-fighting facilities including automatic fire alarm systems, fire control centre, indoor and outdoor hydrant system and automatic sprinkler systems and smoke exhaust system, fire, emergency lighting, emergency broadcast evacuation signage, lighting, fire doors, fire shutter and fireproofing system linkage control, and fire-fighting equipment, etc.
1. fire alarm system should be able to accurately alarm, fire protection control center on duty to be familiar with the operation of fire fighting equipment, skilled in fire control devices. Fire control devices should be consistent with the automatic fire alarm system design specifications.
2. indoor hydrants and fire sprinkler system. Fire main pump automatic changeover, power distribution Cabinet of standby power can switch automatically. Indoor hydrant pump should be in the fire box office and remotely fire control rooms; spray pump to the system functional requirements in the fire control room remote boot and start automatically. Automatic sprinkler system should be regulated (booster) facilities, such as the roof; the system does not end should be set on the water valves and pressure gauge; automatic sprinkler systems for wet alarm valve and hydraulic alarm to maintain normal alarm function. Fire hydrant system to meet the adequacy requirements of the water column.
3. the smoke control system. With natural gas, fenestration, open area should meet the requirements to meet the needs of the exhaust gas. Mechanical pressurization smoke control facilities should ensure stairs pressure 40 ~ 50Pa, former room or shared room 30 ~ 25Pa before. Mechanical smoke extraction system, the exhaust vents should be turned off in peacetime, exhaust vents should be manual and automatic opening device, when any of the exhaust port is opened, the smoke exhaust blower automatic activation of the exhaust pipes, exhaust fan entrance should have when flue gas temperature of more than 280 ° c will automatically close when the smoke fire dampers.
4. changbishi fire door should be kept off; normally open fire door Department should not be hampered fire door closed when the fire barriers, should be closed automatically. Fire shutter should be able to start automatically and manually start the fire shutter lower cannot display counter, stacking goods affect shutter of landing. Located in evacuation channels of fire shutter, should have in the landing there are short standstill and from both sides of automatic, manual and mechanical control functions. Staircase and vestibule without applying the shutter door instead of evacuation.
5. fire safety management
(A) the daily fire management
Shopping Centre in accordance with the requirements of the FPPA, conscientiously implement fire safety management responsibilities. Shopping Centre's legal representative or the responsible person shall be responsible for fire safety and management of shopping centres, shopping malls, shopping centres, head of the fire should establish and improve fire safety management system, fire safety practices and to carry it out; shopping centres should be established progressively for fire safety, fire safety responsibility agreement signed; especially the rental counter, shops, its fire safety work must blame, into the unified management of shopping centres; shopping centres should be equipped with the necessary and part-time fire safety management personnel, specifically focusing on the Arcade Fire safety work, to periodically and workers of the shopping centre and main types of personnel in fire safety education and training, often organized fire safety inspections and timely elimination of fire; the obligation to establish and improve the Organization, development of extinguishing fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans and regularly organize walkthrough; automatic fire-fighting facilities of the shopping centre to establish a regular inspection testing and maintenance of the system, and enhance fire control operations personnel training and on-duty checks; to periodically check the maintenance of fire-fighting equipment, fire apparatus can be used; to establish a good fire archives, on the situation of fire prevention seriously.
(Ii) fire management
Shopping customer traffic, including smoking, free throw cigarette often result in a fire. As a result ofThis should be in the shopping centre and set against smoking-smoking sign. Shopping in equipment installation and maintenance, Counter Reformation process, the business district and the decoration areas should be separated by a fire, using electric welding and cutting operations, shall, before hot work operations comply with fire and approval procedures. The site must have someone monitoring, fire equipment, fire fighting.
(3) flammable materials management
Mall management Nail Polish, mousse, typing paper, butane gas, and other inflammable dangerous commodities, should control within the two days of sales, at the same time to prevent the sunlight and other high temperature electric heating apparatus for separating, properly. Underground shopping center is strictly business sales of fireworks, the starting gun paper, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, paint, flammable goods. Clock, camera repair job using alcohol, gasoline and other inflammable liquid cleaning parts, on-site prohibit the open fire. A small amount of daily use, to flammable liquid into a closed container, ad, and is not used to its dedicated on-site warehouse, shall not be stored.