【 Weak current College 】 public gathering places emergency moted problem

With the masses of material culture of living continues to improve, a large public gathering places for development has become increasingly fast. These places people gathered, evacuation to outdoor distances are long, and therefore strictly its evacuation design and management is very important. In recent years public gathering places for the Group of death group injured fire accident, has attracted the attention of the whole society. The People's Republic of China fire protection law "provisions of article 16 of the fire safety requirements of key units, these establishments to develop emergency evacuation plans; article 49 also provides public areas of the field staff in fire occurs should fulfil organization, in the presence of mass evacuation guidance. The public entertainment fire safety management regulations 19, 20, also clearly a public entertainment should develop emergency evacuation plan, all the staff to be organization of evacuation. The organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to fire safety management regulations "in article 39 of the emergency evacuation plan for content. Due to the large public gathering places focus, some public entertainment floor complex and changeable, formulate reasonable feasible emergency evacuation plans, and give full play to staff of the Organization, leading function, reducing fire casualties of effective measures. Currently, the unit's emergency evacuation plans, due to the lack of harmonization of technical requirements, most of the more general terms, some even with the design of evacuation guidelines of contradictions, very few can really play the field staff in the emergency evacuation of the Organization, the guidance role. In order to further instruct units improve emergency evacuation plan for quality, the author according to work often encounter problems on some immature views for peer reference.
1 establishment of "people-oriented" concept of evacuation
We have talked about the "people-oriented" has two meanings. First, the staff of the Organization, the second is disaster scene of the accident the spontaneous evacuation of the masses. By on-site staff, reasonable organization, guide to the disaster scene masses of spontaneous evacuation into an orderly evacuation. Staff organization guided field capacity of mass evacuation depends on the staff on the spot of familiar and fire safety knowledge mastery of escape. Site by mass evacuation speed field density, building evacuation conditions and organization of the boot method, and other factors, including organization, the guidance is to reduce casualties of important links. Public gathering places of evacuation, generally consists of horizontal and vertical two-part. Due to the large public gathering places, its place of business at the staff out population and vertical traffic ways and fire evacuation channels have greater difference, especially for vertical transport of escalators, elevators, most of the emergency cases cannot be used for the evacuation. For fire compartmentation of fire shutter due to fire, initially linkage can also cause evacuation route and normal traffic routes. Therefore, in formulating the emergency evacuation plan, should be based on the specific layout of premises and the specific fire compartmentation in Science Division of evacuation unit on the basis of different mass evacuation unit field and the evacuation line field personnel evacuation of organizations lead responsibilities. At the same time, public gathering places staff in the course of business with a certain degree of liquidity, many emergency evacuation plans for use of the fixed site boot fixed evacuation area mass evacuation of the method is not science. According to the staff of the uncertainty, organizations should boot duties Division of evacuation unit on the basis of the provisions on fire again randomly appear in the cell, in the field of staff responsibilities, to ensure that in case of emergency, the whole place the orderly evacuation.
2 the rational distribution of exports of all security evacuation flow
Different types of public gathering places, staff distribution balance degree difference is very big. In General, shopping malls, markets within distribution balance degree with public entertainment there is a big difference. Public entertainment, dance halls, karaoke room, disco, etc. in different regions, the intensity of a big difference. In engineering design, construction, and safety evacuation export the layout in General is based on the place the total number of authorized personnel, uniform layout and actual use of the process requires certain differences, especially changes multiple times using the features of the building, such problems are sometimes more prominent. Therefore, in formulating the emergency evacuation plan must be done according to the place of the actual situation of staff distribution, different evacuation unit of mass to different security exit, keep exit to evacuate personnel relative balance of the total, to achieve the total width of approved evacuation destination, effectively prevent partial exit overcrowding and influence the overall results in the Division to evacuate evacuation unit, on the individual sites of special big density (Disco), the settings under export, broken down into several evacuation subunits, guided field masses to different export orientation of the evacuation.
3 determining reasonable evacuation routes, the idea of implementing bidirectional evacuation
Public gathering places for evacuation should adhere to the guiding ideology of bi-directional evacuation, prevent improper formation Guide "bag-shaped walkways. Due to the fire site of uncertainty, thus any evacuation unit should ensure evacuation direction two or two or more different paths, guarantee in any case the evacuation unit evacuation path flow. Evacuation line of rationality depends largely on the design of building evacuation and emergency evacuation plan for makers on the evacuation of the design are familiar with to understand. This requires developing emergency evacuation plans, first on building evacuation plan, reasonable division evacuation unit, fully consider the fire building evacuation facilities and fire protection equipment linkage action on safety evacuation, on that basis determine bidirectional line, make sure that the evacuation in case of evacuation routes.
4 strengthening exercises to ensure that the emergency evacuation plan for the implementation of
To evacuate the unit-based provisions on-site staff organization boot duties emergency evacuation plans, to better solve the staff mobility and different evacuation unit field mass evacuation of the certainty of the contradiction between the direction. On-site staff under fire at a different location, correct guidance field masses according to a documented line orderly evacuation, this required field staff must possess the necessary ability and knowledge of fire. For up toTo this requirement, in addition to on-site staff training and education, there is also an important part of the walkthrough. Of course, often implemented business during combat exercises have a certain degree of difficulty, the unit should be according to the actual situation, combined with business before and after the end of the work clearance for regular strengthening exercises, practical reach every employee in any evacuation unit can be cooked
Know the evacuation route, proper guidance to achieve mass evacuation site, develop the purpose of the emergency evacuation plan, ensure disaster cases ordered evacuation.
5. concluding remarks
On large public gathering places of evacuation, fire design has already attracted considerable attention to the design process of often have articles in various journals, to optimize the design of safe evacuation has played a positive role. A scientific and rational design to achieve the intended purpose, without the scientific organization of the implementation of this important link. In national fire safety awareness of letters to be raised in the present stage, through intensive field staff in the evacuation process organization guiding role, to ensure that fire evacuation of significance is self-evident. The current emergency evacuation plans in the appointed officials responsible for guiding the evacuation by random in the evacuation unit staff implement evacuation guidance to better solve staff working point of relative uncertainty and evacuation guide lines on the certainty of contradictions, more suitable for the actual needs. For evacuation unit Science Division, according to the place of distribution, and security export location, quantity, and other practical, people-oriented, flow even reasonable, avoid artificially create "bag-aisle" and other principles of Division, will not elaborate.