【 Weak current College 】 fire alarm system architecture and test instructions

1. system composition and theory

Fire system functionality can be divided into automatic fire alarm system and linkage system. The former was discovered fire, issue a sound and light alarm signal and indicate the fire site, easy to fight; the latter function is in automatic fire alarm system discovered fire, auto-start a variety of devices to prevent the spread of fire until the fire extinguished. From their different functions can see they are inseparable. In fact there are a lot of automatic fire alarm system with automatic linkage system functionality.

Automatic fire alarm system generally consists of two major components: fire detector and fire alarm. Fire detectors installed in the site, watch the scene without a fire; fire alarm mounted in fire control center to manage all of the fire detectors. If there is fire, sound and light alarm signals the duty officer, fire alarm device can also be started simultaneously. Some of the fire detectors with sound and light alarm, fire alarm can leave, generally used for family use.

Fire detector detection fire is detected the fire before and after a change of physical parameters. For example: detection of temperature. When the temperature rises, you can conclude that there is a fire. General through the detection of three physical parameters change, determine whether there is a fire, the three physical parameters are: smoke concentration, temperature and light. From here you can put the fire detectors into smoke detector and heat detector and flame detector. While the actual use of the previous two up. Smoke detector detection scene smoke density changes, determine whether there is a fire; thermal detectors detect scene changes of temperature, determining if there is fire; fire detector detects infrared or ultraviolet spectral intensity changes, whether or not there is a fire. Smoke detector with ion sensing smoke detector, photoelectric smoke detector and infrared beam detectors. Thermal detectors have fixed temperature detector, differential temperature detector, and fixed temperature probes and cables for fixed temperature probes. Flame detector with infrared Flame detectors, UV flame detector and combined flame detector. Now, some fire detectors for composite detector, it not only tests a physical parameter, but able to test multiple parameters to determine if there is fire.

Automatic fire alarm system by fire detector and fire alarm wiring can be divided into N + I-wire, 4-wire, 3-wire system and the second bus system. Due to construction, before several fire alarm system has been eliminated. The current production of fire alarm system for the most part II bus system. Judging by the fire alarm system, fire alarm system can be divided into the switch quantity fire alarm system and analogue fire alarm systems. Switch quantity fire alarm system of fire detectors for switch detector, the alarm is on fire detectors in a comparator, when fire detector detection of smoke density, temperature, or other physical parameters reaches a certain threshold, fire detector into a fire, when the fire alarm inspection to the probe, the probe to fire status report to the fire alarm controller. Analogue fire alarm systems, fire detectors using analog, analog detector continuously collected on-site data reported to the fire alarm controller, by the fire alarm controller through a certain algorithm to determine whether to fire. If you determine that there is a fire, then fire the command issued to light fire detector lights on the confirmation. Fire alarm system of algorithms is very important, good algorithm can greatly reduce fire alarm system of false positives, and some algorithms, e.g. in fire alarm controller setting an alarm thresholds, actual and switch quantity differences of fire alarm system is not just the original fire detectors and alarm threshold changes on the fire alarm controller. Analogue fire alarm systems can change according to changes in the environment system of detection of zero and the best selection, reduction of fire detection and alarm system of false positives. There's a fire alarm controller uses intelligent fire detectors, the detector can be according to the environmental changes its detection zeros, the compensation itself, use the appropriate method for determining if there is fire. This fire alarm controller can also reduce false positives, but due to the cost and volume restrictions, fire detector is not possible to design too complicated, the algorithm cannot be like analogue fire alarm controller so complicated. In a fire alarm system, fire alarm controller interface is very important, if you have a good interface design, the operator can easily monitor the fire alarm system in action.

Fire alarm controller status displays mainly led display, digital display and the LCD display. Low power consumption due to the LCD, you can display Chinese characters and graphics, many fire alarm controller use the LCD monitor displays information about fire and fire alarm controller of various States. There is a fire alarm controller display and operation are Chinese tips, learn and use are very convenient. As the probe addresses usually binary code, therefore, shows the location of fire detector fire, are displayed as a number, then this figure and then find the fire site, more trouble. Now, some fire alarm controller has been able to in case of fire, use Chinese characters displayed directly out of the fire site and very easy to determine fire sites (and promptly to take effective measures).
Fire automatic linkage system used to control various linkage device, there are a number of wire linkage control systems and bus systems coordinated control system. More wire linkage control system, from the linkage controller to each linked devices to connect 2-4 lines, generally applicable to the linkage of construction equipment. For linkage equipment more building, if you use multiple wire linkage control system, the engineering construction more difficult, it is best to use the bus system linkage control system. The bus system linkage control system, the fire automatic linkage system consists of interlocking sculpture ware and control modules. In the linkage between the controller and the control module to the second bus or bus, and each group bus can connect multiple control module, you need to start linking device, the linkage controller issue the boot command, control module, control module and then start the linkage between devices. Generally a combined device as a movement, but some equipment such as shutter for two actions. There is a movement of the module output, outputMultiple actions. At design time to determine the linkage between devices require several modules control.

Second, fire alarm and coordinated control system of the comprehensive testing reference the following normative documents

(3B50045-2001 senior civil building design fire protection standard "

GB50116-1998 the automatic fire alarm system design specifications "

GB50116-1992 the automatic fire alarm system construction and acceptance of

GBJ16-87-2000 "architectural design fire protection standard

GB/T50314-2000 "intelligence architectural design standard"

The construction and installation the project quality inspection and assessment of unified standards

The construction equipment installation engineering sub-item standards "Yi Shi T2E

The automatic sprinkler system installation and acceptance of

The electrical equipment installation and acceptance of

The construction and installation the project resource management regulations

The indoor water pipeline installation engineering sub-item "quality inspection and evaluation

The indoor water pipeline attachment health apparatus partial installation of water supply accessories for quality inspection and assessment table "

The indoor water subsidiary equipment installation engineering sub-item "quality inspection and evaluation

The cable line sub-item project quality inspection and assessment table "

The tubing and pipe Threading sub-item project quality inspection and assessment table "

The complete distribution cabinet (disc) and power switch cabinet installation engineering sub-item "quality inspection and evaluation

3. inspection body composition, responsibilities and obligations

(1) fire-fighting facilities inspection bodies is a get fire monitoring bodies approved and have the legal personality of the specialized agencies, the fire by various professional and technical personnel;

(2) fire-fighting facilities inspection body in accordance with the law on construction of fire-fighting system specifications testing check, an initial detection submissions and inspection report.

4. detection of basic conditions

Automatic fire alarm and coordinated control system is relatively independent of the system, with fire prevention the installation construction qualification of construction units before construction is complete, the test should possess:

(1) debugging is up and running, have continuous running time should reach 15 days-30 days, the industry-run record requested by the system;

(2) the completion of the debug report and system complete completion of technical documents;

(3) provides detection for and signed contract agreement detection.

5. the content detection of basic

(1) fire control room location and mapping system device settings flat fabrics

(2) fire control rooms and 119 or dedicated network of public security;

(3) fire electricity equipment power supply automatic switching function, switch test 3 times should be normal;

(4) automatic fire alarm control system's basic features:

Fire alarm controller shall be required for functional tests:

1) actual installation number in 5 sets the following, all of the tests;

2) actual installation number in 6-10, 5 sampling and testing;

3) actually installed more than 10 persons, according to the actual installation number 30%-50%, but not less than five tests.

Fire detectors (including manual alarm button) should be the following requirements for simulation of fire response test and fault alarm sampling:

The number 1) actually installed in 100 persons only, sampling and 10;

2) actual installation quantity exceeds 100, the actual number of 5 per cent of the installed

-10 per cent, but not less than 10 sampling, testing should be fine.

(5) the functionality of indoor hydrant system should be in the water pressure in line with existing

National architectural design fire protection standard conditions and should meet the following requirements:

1) pump, spare pump conversion run 1-3;

2) fire control room operation restart, stop 1-3;

3) fire hydrant operating cycle pump button press 5%-10% the proportion of samples.

(6) the automatic sprinkler system, sampling shall be subject to the current national conditions, sampling and testing the following control functions:

1) pump and spare pump conversion run 1-3;

2) fire control room operation restart, stop 1-3;

3) flow indicator, gate closures and electric valve installed as per the actual number of 10%-30% in proportion to the end of the test on the water.

(7) halon, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical extinguishing system of inspection, shall be subject to the design specifications of the conditions, according to the actual installation of the amount of 20%-30% of the samples of the following control functions:

1) manual startup and emergency shut-off test 1 — 3 times;

2) and fixed fire-extinguishing equipment linkage control other devices (including close fire doors and Windows, stop air-conditioning fans, closing fire damper, fire curtain falls) test 1 — 3 times;

3) pumping a protection zone for cold spray drop test (available nitrogen instead).

(8) the electric fire doors, fire shutter of sampling should be 10%-20% sampling linkage control function, its control function and the signal should be fine.

(9) ventilation and smoke control equipment should be 10%-20% sampling linkage control function, its control function and the signal should be fine.

(10) fire elevator should be 1-2 of the manual and automatic control function andSignal test.

(11) fire emergency broadcast equipment for sampling should be based on actual installation number of 10 per cent and 20 per cent for the following-functions (functions should be normal voice clarity):

1) fire control room selection, the selected layers of broadcasting;

2) sharing of speakers strong cut test;

3) standby amplifiers control function test.

(12) inspection of fire communication devices should meet the following requirements (various capabilities should be normal and voice clarity):

1) Talkback 1 — 3 times call test;

2) phone jack 5%-10% phone test;

3) fire control rooms and 119-1-3 times, call test

(13) the compulsory cut non-fire power function test.

(14) the detection of Chinese graphic CRT displays, Chinese language features such as screen menu and operate test.

(15) the detection of fire control room display fire alarm information consistency reliability.

(16) the automatic fire alarm system of protection against electromagnetic compatibility.

(17) the setting of new fire fighting facilities and features: early smoke detection and fire alarm systems; large-space infrared matrix computer fire alarm systems and fire-extinguishing systems; gas and other combustible gas leak alarm and coordinated control system.

(18) the intelligent fire detector performance, quantity and location of the installation; the number of ordinary fire detector and the installation location.

(19) public broadcasting and broadcasting system used should meet the existing fire norms, standards and requirements.

6. detection equipment required

Fire fighting system (automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler systems halon, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder fire extinguishing system, ventilation, air conditioning and smoke control equipment, fire hydrant system, emergency broadcasting equipment and power supply systems, fire emergency lighting system, the electric fire doors, fire shutter pump, etc.) the required engineering testing instruments and testing equipment (fire supervision body accreditation).

7. test report

Test report should include a testing basis, testing equipment and testing conclusions and test results list.