【 Weak current College 】 Archives Depot fire characteristics and application of new technologies

I. characteristics of archival Depot fire
Storeroom for reservations with the higher the value of cultural relics and historical sites of cultural heritage materials, archives have not renewable. US national archives are paper, Treasury deposit large amounts of paper files, a great fire danger, once the fire, the fire due to the rapid spread of flammable and paper, and at the same time as filing cabinets, shelf is intensive fire channel display, domes, therefore fire suppression difficult; coupled with the characteristics of paper has a smoldering, General fire extinguishing agent is very difficult to completely extinguished or extinguishing time result in the archival materials damaged by fire storeroom was the Fire Department's attention.
In addition, due to the storeroom is open space, venues and more narrow, even if the obstructions have enough fire power is also very hard to get into that must be resolved in the automatic fire fighting in a small space combat effectiveness cannot be expanded.
With economic development, levels of archival institutions to pay more attention to fire prevention measures, strengthening the storeroom (especially the ancient buildings) fire safety inputs, enhance self-help capabilities such as retrofitting of the 1211 fire auto-alarm, or carbon dioxide extinguishing facilities, some even set up a special fire site, and so on; but because of the characteristics of the storeroom, still do not have the desired effect of the fire; therefore, the fire of the storeroom remain our very question to the perfect topic.
II. existing fire extinguishing agent and device vulnerabilities
Due to our archives for paper carrier, water spray, water mist fire fighting methods such as water system will make it wet, damaged, you cannot use; Sol fire extinguishing agent for outlet temperature is high, there are clear, the pollution is not used; therefore, storeroom generally use "halon fire-extinguishing appliances" series or carbon dioxide extinguishing devices.
"Halon fire extinguishing agent: Although" series 1211 fire-extinguishing it better, but because it on atmospheric ozone layer has damaging effects, according to the United Nations Environment Programme of the Montreal Protocol and the Chinese Government approved the execution of the ODS phase-out provisions of the national programme, China is 31 December 2005, Halon 1211 for the complete cessation of the production and use, 2010 complete cessation of halon 1301 of the production and use.
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system: the system in the fire does not pollute the environment, the protection does not produce corrosion, but it also has disadvantages: in practice, usually using high pressure liquid stocks in the high pressure system and cold storage of low-voltage system; high pressure storage, need more bottle group, bottle room covers an area of large, on the storage environment temperature requirements more stringent. And low pressure systems require peripheral refrigeration equipment, the cost is relatively high compared to the high pressure cylinders are concerned, on the transport pipeline requirements more stringent. At the same time, the carbon dioxide system not only cost is high, the construction is difficult, but also because carbon dioxide fire extinguishing the fire, in the case of physics is slow; may also make the withdrawal from the protection zone of suffocation.
Heptafluoropropane, Chlorotrifluoromethane products belong to the phase-out of halons period of transition, because of fire extinguishing efficiency low cost high and unsatisfactory, it is rarely used.
Market, there is also a pulse of ultra-fine powder extinguishing agent, the powder particles finer than ordinary powder, average particle size of around 15 micron, the device is started by gunpowder explosion. Greater shock, if more than at the start will be on protection of devastating damage and may even cause secondary disasters. As the extinguishing agent, this fire suppression equipment all drowning is not optimal, partial protection because of injection time is short, easy comes alive. The pulse of ultra-fine powder fire extinguishing installations shall not apply to the use of archival, library system.
III. new high-efficiency micro-powder extinguishing agent and automatic fire-extinguishing device in the application of the storeroom
Efficient ultra-fine powder extinguishing agent "," applied to the national archives of the storeroom was strongly recommended for fire. The extinguishing agent and equipment at the end of 2003 was issued by the national science and technology achievement appraisal certificate ".
The automatic fire-extinguishing device characteristics are as follows:
First, fire extinguishing efficiency
It is a green-friendly fire extinguishing agent, the agent has been awarded the door identification is the domestic origination and obtained the national patent and is now in the world leading level. On atmospheric ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero global warming potentials (GWPs) is zero, no stimulation for skin and body, on the protection of non-corrosive, non-toxic and harmless. Fire residues is easy to clean up after, the characteristics of the Treasury for archives, the performance of the extinguishing agent is as follows:
1. have strong inhibition of combustion.
Flaming combustion is a chain reaction. The combustion of fuel elements in high temperature or its formation in the energy field is activated, in the presence of oxygen produce free radicals or active gene, and rely on the high energy of radical media reaction, maintain ongoing burning. Superfine powder extinguishing agent and the flame, fire-fighting components quickly capture combustion free radical, radical unconsumed speed greater than the speed of production, combustion quickly run out of free radicals, chain reaction course is terminated, the flame is extinguished quickly.
2. surface burning strong suffocation
Superfine powder on the fight with flame combustion with good speed and efficiency, but also for General surface burning of solid materials (smoldering) have very good off. When the ultra powder crystal powder and burn burning surface contact, a series of chemical reactions in the solid surface temperatures are melting and subjected to a glass-like solid surface coating and separated from the surrounding air, the combustion.
3, the heat radiation of masking and cooling effect.
Use of ultra-fine powder extinguishing, dense cloud-like powder mixed with flame, decomposition endothermic reaction, can absorb the heat of the flame part, these decomposition reaction of some non-active gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc, on the combustion area of oxygen concentration in a dilution effect, keep the fire burning reaction to abate.
4, can achieve full annihilation fire extinguishing means.
Efficient ultra-fine powder extinguishing agent because the small size, light weight, good fluidity, suspended in the air for some time, but also with more heat resistance, it can be all floodedNo fire, which is currently the only implementation class gas fire extinguishing means of all submerged powder extinguishing agent; it can be any part of the protected area in a fire fight.
2. convenient installation
Fine dry powder extinguishing device easy installation, low volume, without large through-wall punch, installation of pipelines and auxiliary facilities. Simply hanging in front of the protected material, three startup, reliable performance.
Superfine powder extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing concentration through national inspection department inspection for 64.4g/m3, is at home and abroad have invented fire extinguishing agent, fire extinguishing concentration of minimum, maximum efficiency, fire extinguishing the fastest one. Unit volume extinguishing efficiency is halon fire extinguishing agent for 2-3 times that of ordinary powder extinguishing agent for 6-10 times, is heptafluoro more than 10 times, 15 times that of carbon dioxide.
IV. concluding remarks
Because traditional fire extinguishing agent and automatic fire extinguishing installations on archival storage limitations of the fire effect, along with the economic development needs, storeroom in the custody of all kinds of information is especially important in choosing a better fire extinguishing agent and appliance to protect precious archival resources, advanced technology is the key.