【 Weak current College 】 fire-fighting and rescue safety management issues and measures---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Content summary: "safety first" is an international General Clauses, for all the work, we have always adhered to the "safety first" principle, and the fire brigade is a fire-fighting and bears the rescue, social assistance tasks of the public security forces, as a high-risk industries, fire forces casualties each year, these injuries are mostly in-fighting and rescue the battle. This requires that we must strengthen the firefighting and rescue safety management work, accidents happen in the blink of an eye always, tolerate us a paralysis and luck.

Keywords: fire rescue safety measures

According to statistics: 2001 to 2006, national fire brigade officers in total 66 fire rescue operations in the heroic sacrifices. One of the main causes of injury are explosive, chemical, poison, flue gas attack, building collapse, upper air drops, etc.

Analysis of several typical fire case: as the 1989 Huangdao oil spillage of fire, explosion, fire officers and soldiers at the expense of 14. 1993 Shenzhen "8.5" explosion caused heavy casualties; 5 March 1998, Xi'an liquefied petroleum gas leakage and explosion, killing 12 soldiers sacrifice; in August 2002, Fenghua, Ningbo branch in fighting ship fire brigade operations during the second explosion, causing casualties; Hangzhou Fuyang "8.26" fires caused 7 officers were injured, and the most heavy to is "11.3" over Hengyang heavy fire caused 20 officers and sacrifice, such as the United States "9.11" terrorist attacks caused a 343 firefighters sacrifice. Bloody facts tell us: fire rescue is one of the most dangerous time of peace, fire officers and men of the moment the work face life and death, blood and fire, a painful cost. How to minimize your losses, the reduction and avoidance of officers and soldiers casualties occur is for us of the urgent and demanding task.

Fire rescue security incidents are due to unsafe or take unsafe actions. Upon completion of fire fighting task of necessary procedures and operational measures and continued from previous accident experience, improve security, reduce accidents, improve security management of the most effective way and ultimate goal. Fire rescue safety accidents cannot be separated from three factors: human behavior, of change and the environment. Where the person is a decisive factor in leading position. Therefore, we are strengthening the firefighting and rescue safety management work, it must be from the start, the strengthening of the staff, and disaster management. To reduce the officers and men the chance of accidents, the maximum guarantee of our fire safety officers, following some superficial discussion.

First, fire fighting and rescue in the cause of firefighter deaths and injuries common scenarios

(A) commanders and soldiers on the scene, unidentified fire rescue

1, fire or disaster surveillance not enough detail, not through the whole process of fire fighting and rescue. There's the Commander in the fire rescue organization, on the implementation of fire fighting links do not pay attention to the detection, surveillance, reconnaissance peasants'indifference job success or failure of the fire-fighting and rescue little effect as long as water, fire, even sooner for reconnaissance and slovenly, perfunctory; section Commander deployed solely on the basis of a subjective judgment, believes his combat action experience, there is no need to waste time developing the scene reconnaissance; some commanders at the scene, the scene of the tension, rescue, fire fighting, not eager for reconnaissance immediately expand fire fighting operations, fire rescue casualties; only reached the scene of the fire commander of the first organizations in fire detection, but not as fires change and combat action in all aspects of the implementation of comprehensive and meticulous reconnaissance, easily lead to fire rescue, later situation is unknown.

2. area of jurisdiction is not familiar with.

Individual Squadron commander lack co-ordinator grip global capacity, on-duty training arrangements is not science, unreasonable. Most of the area is familiar with the Squadron is targeted at key unit, rather than General units and buildings, many of the firemen of casualties occur in general units and buildings.

3, not combined with the actual development of fire-fighting and rescue operations.

Some squadron commanders in the formulation and revision of the fire-fighting and rescue operations plan, focus unit production process, company internal layout, building structure, fire equipment, fire risk and so know not thorough, developed by the fire rescue plans lack scientific basis, usually the field is not making rehearsal attention to practical results, result of the accident site.

Practice has proved, in fire Scout not thin, the scene is unclear under the firefighting and rescue operations, accident-prone. 13 February 2001 18 o'clock, a county of a 3 storey residential building fires, residential building be smoke, do not clear the fire, but the building has a staff for help. Squadron commander swift led the Warriors rushed into the scene and found that two masses trapped beneath the top commanders immediately find a wooden ladder to climb up: top rescue trapped people, because of the terrain is not cooked, smoky, poor visibility, the squadron leaders a foot broken ceiling, from boring top fall into 2 buildings fall into serious injuries.

(Ii) the personal protection of fire-fighting measures are not in place

1. lack of personal protective equipment.

In recent years, national fire brigade to vigorously carry out the "three basics" project, at all levels of local Government attaches around the fire-fighting equipment, equipment construction on a new level. However, due to individual local leaders lack of firemen and understanding of the importance of protective equipment, less investment, added slowly, firemen and personal protective equipment is equipped with far reaching national standards, especially in the economic development of less developed areas, due to insufficient funds, personal protective equipment is equipped with more lag, and fire rescue operations of a big gap between the actual need. Lack the most basic of firemen and personal protective equipment, the success rate of fire and rescue and fire fighters fire safetyIt is difficult to obtain adequate security.

2. have equipment for quality problems can not be used, not easy to use.

In some places, the acquisition of firemen and personal protective equipment does not pass through formal channels, equipped with the equipment does not comply with quality standards, at critical moments it is difficult to play a role; also some local firemen on equipped with protective equipment to use management system is not implemented, and human-caused shortage due to daily on protective equipment maintenance is not in place, leaving equipment damage and use. 24 May 2003, a fire control detachment fighters in the implementation of social assistance, because of the safety factor is not qualified, is not up to standard, unfortunate accidents.

3. do not want to use, do not make good use of protective equipment.

One is the part of officers and fear damage to the equipment, training, equipment purchases, pigeonhole, swords and warehousing, does not guarantee that the input-readiness of normal on duty, it is difficult to form a people and equipped with the best combat effectiveness. Second, some commanders and fighters fire fighting blindness reckless, Valor, but inexperienced, unwilling, not very good at using personal protective equipment or use of improper personnel unnecessary loss of life. Third, the performance of the protective equipment is too "idealized", did not take into account the actual factors. As in the use of air ventilator, if an air breathing apparatus full of gas after theory use time is 60 minutes, the actual use may use 40 or 30 minutes, of course, that is, but as the officers and men to enter the complex environment field fire and rescue operations, when using the security equipment or should do from most harm.

(3) organize and direct the unreasonable

Fire rescue organizations directing broad, professional, and infuse dispatched from the alarm to the battle of the entire process, implement the correct fire-fighting and rescue organization command is the key to success or failure. Analysis of various types of fire fighting war stories, most of the many injuries and fire-fighting and rescue organization command is reasonable is closely associated. PGC organization command key exists of the following issues:

1, Commander's lack of experience. Some young commanders often hard-nosed, sacrifice, but not enough expertise, the lack of actual combat experience, on paper, the scene of the Pro machine disposition is not strong, sometimes because of measures inappropriate and firefighter casualties. 1 April 1999, 23, a transportation company in the event of a major fire, the fire brigade arrived at the farm blaze, things on both sides of the main roof collapse, to prevent the spread of fire, the squadron commanders led 5 soldier with second Festival la ladder into the burning building to 20 m long awning, from upper to attack a fire point. Now the awning and the brick column suddenly collapse, out of about 15 tons of awning will fire officers and soldiers all hit below, including the Commander, 5 officers and sacrifice, 1 soldier wounded. This event is clearly due to the lack of experience, the Commander was not aware of the risk of collapse of building on fire, will exist in the gun position driving on located in terminals.

2. poor fire communications. Fire three-level networking wireless communication throughout the firefighting and rescue operations of the entire process is intended to ensure tactical commanders at all levels to implement the main channel. Once the communication is not smooth, very easy to create his own battle, fighting the large fire rescue scene between warring units cannot effectively communicate information, not understand, the Decree does not smooth, not only affect the success or failure, fire-fighting and rescue on the firemen fire protection more incalculable harm. According to Xinhua News, United States authorities announced the end of 2003 "9.11" terrorist attacks in New York World Trade Center on-duty firefighters telephone recording, with widespread noise, call interrupt and couldn't hear a prompt reply and other phenomena that appear in the "9.11" rescue in firemen and command system contact are not clear, at the United States on the McKinsey Company "9.11" event report called the Fire Department and other departments lack of communication with these problems cost 343 firefighters died in the incident.

3 commanders lacked the capacity to dispose of the Pro machines, safety management are not in place. Some commanders cannot correctly handle the attack and retreat, the battle of blind adventure attack and cannot be adjusted according to the fire situation, combat deployment does not have a defense awareness critical moment cannot be decisive to retreat, indecision, often lose the best opportunity to save power. Cannot adjust under fire fighting deployment, reflects the fire commanders ' quality is not high, the lack of professional knowledge, on the situation there is an error in the judgment, on the accident scene exists unsafe observation of less, consider less, resulting in an accident when unprepared sudden. In addition, fire rescue, such as explosion, collapse of toxic, corrosive, and so risk exists in the battle of always, commanders on this there should be vigilance if combatants and paralysis, the safety management system does not implement, admonition, protective incompetence, most likely accidents. 26 October 1998 when 37 points, 14 in a commercial rapid fire, the fire brigade arrived at the scene, to 17 will fire officers and soldiers of the evacuation, the majority of the war, leaving only responsible for the Elimination of residual jurisdiction Squadron. Then find some companies to enter the site rush home goods, stop at the North East of the 3 floors suddenly collapse, 5 soldiers buried in rubble, three soldiers died on the spot, two were seriously injured. Fight visible, fire-fighting and rescue as long as no end, the Commander of security of the chord on the moment cannot relax. In addition, on the situation of the fire-fighting and rescue scene understanding incomplete, inaccurate information, the potential risk of a lack of continuity to observe and judge, and also easily lead to tragedy. A squadron of alcohol in a warehouse fire fighting, the fire was extinguished, the officers entered the scene inside the warehouse, volatile out of alcohol vapor heating second explosion, making eight firefighters face, hands and other exposed parts full burn.

(4) fire-fighting and rescue from an objective point of view there is no safety factor

1, vehicles were accidents.

Round trip in disaster response, since the vehicles with excessive force, speed, energy is not set, slow, traffic traffic not cooked or open privilege car, hero car, roads narrowNarrow, slippery pavement Frost, speeding, direction failure reasons caused a traffic accident.

2, smoke and hot air is causing fire casualties. Smoke and hot air is on fire is the most common phenomenon, especially with the continuous development of the construction industry, building appearance was also higher, wood, plastic, wall wallpaper, carpets, etc. are widely used in construction interior trim, and even some of the furniture are also made of plastic. Once the building in case of fire, these materials in the combustion process produces large amounts of toxic gases and smoke, consumed a large amount of air, if smoke condition is not good, toxic gases and smoke filled the entire space, causing hypoxia or poisoning, a threat to the safety of fire officers and soldiers.

3. disaster scene has exploded leaks, oil spill and boil, "flashover".

Explosive and hazardous chemicals leak accident is caused casualties in the "enemy". Before the explosion, if fighting personnel cannot be evacuated, resulting in serious injuries. Oil tank fire not only fast, combustion, fighting is difficult. Period, the first is a cupping-easy to collapse, adjacent tank deformation in high-temperature radiant heat effects likely to occur again if the explosion on liquid flowing fire disposal when, will result in casualties. Second, in some heavy tank fire fighting, it may be because a large number of fire fighting water spray or oil tank bottom water at high temperature, reached boiling degree into gas, will suddenly boil and sputter phenomenon and the resulting casualties. "Flashover" is in attack a fire casualties. When a room full of combustible gas or in smoldering State, the moment of opening the doors and into a large amount of air, yuhuoyuan flashover occurs, although just for a moment, but on human security threats seriously, even casualties.

4, building (construction) construction of traps and hazards of electrical facilities.

Building (construction) construction of traps mainly steel structure construction is easy walls collapse, easy to collapse, skyscraper glass curtain wall, fall from the sky, fire elevator malfunction, indoor shaft easily lead officers entered, etc. In the scene should consider all the wires and household electrical equipment are dangerous. Because electricity passes through the body to the heart muscle atrophy, discontinue respiratory strong, the current can cause bodily organs were burned. Many occasions, the fire brigade with ladders or aerial work, electrical equipment fires or electrical equipment in the vicinity of the fire, since the contact current kille.

Second, the strengthening of firefighting and rescue safety management measures

1. strengthen the learning and training, improving the overall quality of commanders.

Fire forces fire rescue operations fast, diversity, harmony, commanders, combatants must be hard-fighting and rescue business knowledge and improve their professional knowledge and command level. To properly grasp the atmosphere under fire business basics, fire regulations, fire-fighting and Rescue Foundation work, fire-fighting equipment, fire safety knowledge and fixed fire-fighting, fire protection, fire fighting and rescue action applied computing various types of fire suppression operations, and other professional theories of learning, consolidate the theoretical basis of command operations. To fight through simulation training, education, case assessment, drawing on various education fire fighting success experience, draw on the lessons of failure, the rich experience of Commander. To attach great importance to the training officers'psychological, exploring psychology training programs, methods, simulation training base, development of computer simulation and training system and field exercises, with sound, light, electricity, heat, and other means to create lifelike fire environment, creating a real atmosphere, enhanced sensory stimulation, the commanders to experience real life atmosphere, increased psychological ability, training officers and composure, courage, determination and decision of psychological qualities.

2. strengthen the construction of fire rescue organizations command system.

Fire-fighting organization command broad, professional, and infuse dispatched to the battle of the entire process has a direct bearing on the success or failure of the fire-fighting and rescue the fighting and fire safety. To establish a perfect command of the institutions and the responsibilities of the Organization, specifications organization procedures and methods that enable operations, communications, water and fire commanders at all levels of collaboration for everyone, through this program, the effective implementation of the action programmes to combat the intention and to ensure that the master global, rapid response, timely decisions, uninterrupted implementation organization command, always grasp the initiative in fighting, give full play to the fire rescue organizations command system of maximum effectiveness. To make full use of modern communication technology, building fire diversely, multiple systems and multiple modes of communication security network, solve scheduling command centers and communication command vehicle, the fire front and rear, Squadron commander and leader of the combatants of the three levels of fire communication command, while ensuring that the fire brigade and other site related departments of communication links and smooth and timely notification of on-site situation asked, and dangerous, to ensure that decisions at first instance, the intention really combat quickly and accurately across the officers and men of action, minimizing the firemen of life or personal injury to, ensure that the State and people's lives and property.

3. strictly regulate the rules for the implementation of the combat operations.

The Ministry of public security to further standardize the rescue operations and enhance fire brigade combat and training security work, the prevention of all types of security incidents, to protect the personal safety of fire fighters, have been issued and the fire brigade emergency rescue service specification (for trial implementation) ", the fire brigade combat training safety to you (for trial implementation)" and the "fire brigade fire rescue warfare assessment provisions (for trial implementation)". Three are mutually supporting and linking of a whole, including statutes require rescue should do to you is that you cannot do, war on the evaluation of how to do it. Fire brigade officers should be carefully organized fire three comprehensive learning and strict attention to implement, on a comprehensive do fire rescue safety management will play an active role.

4, scientific potential, many resourceful, reasonable use of forces.

The Commander to fire and the development of the disaster, firmly establishing the keen observation, analysis and knowledge of globalOperations, maximize the subjective dynamic, so taking, grasp the direction, rapid reaction, with varying system disaster, firmly grasp the initiative fire command. Based on their knowledge and experience in figuring out the fire, on the basis of the danger, take positive and effective measures, seek victory. In the implementation of the fire-fighting and rescue tasks, the commanders to properly grasp the attack and defense, we must dare to organize the melee attack, fire extinguishing and create conditions for mobility, but should be based on the prevention, antivirus, fire to kill it off. When the fire and accident scene occurs the safety of officers and deterioration of the compromise, in order to avoid unnecessary deaths and injuries, saving operational strength and the implementation of effective attack, you must adjust the combat deployment, make a choice, "single-car lost." The melee at the storm, courageous dare spell, playing to fighting to win; the crucial moment to resolute, save the strength to fight again; withdrew rapidly in time, never hesitating, relying on a fighter. In the deployment of firefighting force, front facing you, stop to facilitate withdrawal location; a line officers and men should be few and well chosen, and personal protection, choose good offensive positions, occupy the ease of concealment, the location of evacuation; stressing the courageous yingpin, to set withdrawal plan beforehand, unity retreat commands, signal, such as choosing a retreat route, once the scene of a very unfavourable conditions, difficult to attack, defense, or possibly a threat in the presence of fire safety officers or poses a greater danger, the adjustment should be decisive, command forces deployed transfer, withdrawal or subtle, avoid close explodes, boil, collapse, poison gas, and other dangerous condition occurs, resulting in unnecessary loss of life.

In short, fire fighting and rescue scene is complex and diverse, not exactly the fire or disaster, nor the same disposition and rescue method. Any accidents can not be separated from these three factors: human behavior, of change and the environment. Therefore, we are strengthening the firefighting and rescue safety management work, it must be from the start, the strengthening of the staff, and management of the fire environment. In fact, all the tragedy before they occur, often due to various reasons, showed all the signs, as long as we do in safety management attention, the various protection measures are implemented, some accidents can be done effectively and avoid.