College】 【weak construction Glimpse of new technologies for automatic fire facilities.

<br> <BR> Abstract: From a technical point of fire, automatic fire-fighting facilities for the construction characteristics of the automatic fire-fighting facilities described the characteristics of technological progress and future projections. .<BR> Keywords: New Technology Forecasting <BR> building automatic fire automatic fire facilities as part of building electrical, charged with the fire alarm, fire fighting and other important responsibilities. .In recent years, as new technologies, new products continue to emerge, building automatic fire fighting facilities are also changing. .<BR> 1, automatic fire alarm system continuously improve performance <BR> automatic fire alarm system as an important building automatic fire facilities, the technical progress in advance of the performance of the alarm time, alarm improve the reliability of fire detection and alarm special place, alarm system .network, intelligent fire control, fire alarm communications and computer network technology, command and management. .<BR> 1.1 <BR> fire detection and alarm ahead of time, such as laser-type, suction-type high sensitivity of fire detectors and fire detection and alarm systems, gas super-early fire detection and alarm products. .The system uses a laser particle counter, laser scattering principle to monitor the protected space, the particles per unit volume to determine whether the increase in the number of possible fire, the fire occurred in the hours or days before, to identify potential fire risk, to achieve .Ultra-early fire alarm. .<BR> Use of gas and gas composition on the early stages of fire growth or constitute elements of fire detection, fire detection is very early research field. .Such as the use of combustible gas concentration of inflammable and explosive places failure and fire and explosion hazards, etc. of the linear prediction combustible gas detection alarm system, which uses optical principles, the use of different spectral characteristics of different gases to the gas concentration detection, from .fundamental solution to the point combustible gas sensing element poor stability, short life and other defects, in the large area of combustible gas detection and alarm, the cost is higher. .<BR> 1.2 to improve the reliability of fire detection and alarm <BR> more information technology is mainly used. .Detection principle based on the new sensors (such as gas sensors, etc.) and composite detectors, fire process of multi-parameter monitoring, coupled with smart identification technology to reduce false alarms and improve detection reliability. .In addition, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and other high-tech identification for the fire, it can greatly improve the reliability of fire detection. .<BR> Such as dual-band infrared flame detectors, infrared sensing devices using two different characters in two bands on the flame signal and background light radiation interference signals to respond to changes, real-time collection by the two signals within the microprocessor .The data processing channels and the operation, process, analyze and judge the results as a probe to determine the status information transmitted to the fire alarm controller, thus effectively improving the reliability. .Flame and background radiation detector will double-information sensing technology, dual-band design techniques and microprocessor optimized software algorithms combine the detector and the controller to reduce a large number of dual-band information, encoding, transmitting and decoding a series of .links, so that overall system reliability is improved. .<BR> 1.3 <BR> detection and alarm intelligent intelligent fire detection sensor to determine the discriminant function and the decision is controlled by software, to eliminate interference, identifying true and false fire, fire smart decision to achieve (to judge). .By two (or grade) identification, fire detection and alarm systems to improve performance and reliability. .In addition, the fine feature is the identification information from the perspective of a method of identifying the fire. .Such as the use of Intelligent fire detector, can break the passive sampling by the controller to control the situation, take the initiative to obtain the true and false fire is very important for identifying the subtle message. .<BR> 1.4 Fire detection and alarm system, computer network <BR> data communications technology for fire detection and alarm systems, or between the controller between the detector, outside the system and between systems within the network protocol to exchange data between .information, automatic fire alarm system can set the level of function, remote data call management, automated alarms, network monitoring and network communication services capabilities. .Intelligent, networked fire alarm system is the direction of development. .<BR> 2, fire control system intelligent, performance-based fire protection systems become intelligent fire <BR> 2.1 an important part of intelligent building <BR> intelligent building is the use of advanced electronic information technology on construction equipment, automatic controls, information resources .effective management and information services for users of new construction. .Intelligent building management system by the Building Automation System (BAS), communications automation system (CAS), office automation system (OAS), computer network system (CNS), integrated cabling system (SCS) and other accessories. .Among them, the building automation system includes mechanical and electrical equipment, automation systems, fire control automation systems, security systems. .Fire Automation System (FAS) is a building automation system, an important part of intelligent building is an important subsystem, the fire alarm, fire suppression, protection of personal and property safety has played an irreplaceable role, especially in smart residential areas, the .technology for network performance and control changes in the way: construction of electrical interface standardization, equipment, intelligent control, system integration capabilities. .Can be expected with the computer, automatic control, the continuous development of communication technology and key technology breakthroughs, will fire towards the integration of automation systems, intelligent, coordinated direction. .<BR> 2.2 Performance-based building fire safety design to shift the direction of the fire <BR> traditional design is also known as "prescriptive" specification. .As the use of each building, structure, number and distribution of fuel and not the internal composition of the same force if the design parameters and indicators of uniform, the design obtained is not necessarily the most appropriate option, and based on ."at the way" norms, can not evaluate the actual design of fire safety. .And "performance-based design (theperformance-baseddesigning) method", first determine the building's fire safety goals, and then apply the principles of fire engineering and safety assessment methods, their quantitative analysis of fire hazard, and then predict the .possible fire conditions caused by fire, smoke spread channels and personnel evacuation, and finally select and evaluate fire-fighting facilities, check in advance whether the fire safety objectives. .This design method is more scientific and reasonable to help play the designer's design talents and creativity, but also to adapt to technological development and the building needs of architectural innovation. .<BR> 3, automatic fire extinguishing technology advances <BR> fire automatic fire extinguishing system is an important guarantee to ensure the construction safety, their effectiveness is the key to filling fire extinguishing agents and techniques used in the system. .Research and development of special fire fighting extinguishing agents and application of new technology, is currently building facilities for research automatic fire much concern. .<BR> 3.1 new fire extinguishing agent <BR> 3.1.1 <BR> special fire fighting Class A "water additive" type fire extinguishing agents, including enhanced water, emulsified water, wet water, slippery water, viscous water, increasing .thick water and antifreeze water. ."Water Extinguishing Agent," an increase in the water blowing agents, surfactants, solvents, additives. .Again, special fire fighting cooking oil or fat wet chemical fire extinguishing agents, such as the U.S. development of the "A class of foam fire extinguishing agent" and compressed air foam fire extinguishing system, developed by China's Tianjin Fire Research Institute YSP Class A foam type fire extinguishing agent, .France B10-EX Fire Research Institute developed a new type of foam. .In addition, to put A, B, D class of fire "cold fire" extinguishing agent, has also been brought in the field of fire protection products. .<BR> 3.1.2 Halon alternatives - clean gas <BR> fire extinguishing agent (such as halon 1301,1211,2402, etc.) were found to be the destruction of atmospheric ozone has obvious effects, and thus replacement of halon gas fire with .media was put on the research agenda. .Ideal current halon alternatives are the following categories: HBFC (hydrogen bromide fluorinated alkyl), HCFC (lambda on behalf of the alkyl H), HFC (hydrogen fluoride generation of methane), CFC (chlorofluorocarbons on behalf of the alkyl), PFC (full .fluorinated alkyl), FIC (F iodides), IC (inert gas) and so on. .New fire fighting technology <BR> 3.2 <BR> 3.2.1 <BR> aerosol fire-fighting system developed by the Russian study of the success of the system, and its main components are more aerosol generator. .When the aerosol generator temperature around 100 ~ 120 ℃, the generator would be within the pyrotechnics ignited. .The temperature in the pyrotechnics and eruption, the aerosol generator can be included extinguishing powder spray. .The powder fire only a single average particle size of 1μm, can fully cover the surface of the combustion termination of combustion. .Aerosol Fire system can automatically move the fire, extinguishing powder can aerosol form to stay in the air for several hours, can inhibit the resurgence of fuel, fire effect is greatly enhanced. .<BR> 3.2.2 Application of water mist fire suppression technology <BR> by changing the physical properties of water to achieve the purpose of improving fire-fighting effects, such as water mist, water mist fire extinguishing technology. .As the size of water mist in the range of 40 ~ 200μm, a large surface area of 1,700 times higher than the general drop in the scene completely evaporate. .Therefore, heat and high efficiency, good cooling effect. .Water mist fire extinguishing technology is fast, water province, water loss etc, and some products also have inhibitory concentration of smoke to enhance the visibility of the role of fire, so it has good application prospects. .<BR> 3.2.3 <BR> nanotechnology applications such as nano-level fine powder, using its excellent chemical activity and catalytic properties, the fire extinguishing efficiency is greatly improved. .Some experts are planning to use nanotechnology to develop new solid particle aerosol fire extinguishing agent, and strive to overcome the existing aerosol spray aerosol fire extinguishing agent high temperature light is weak, after the fallout with a certain degree of moisture resistance, poverty .A series of shortcomings class and poor fire performance, and further research and development of cold aerosol fire extinguishing agent. .<BR> 3.2.4 Fire Fire <BR> robot applications robots to not only at high temperatures, strong thermal radiation, smoke, terrain, obstacles and more, chemical corrosion, and other harsh environments explosive fire detection ., hazardous chemicals detection, fire suppression, cooling, decontamination, ripper, save, open and close the valve, moving items, sealing and other operations can also participate in the fire service. .The 21st century, further development of fire science and technology, research and development of fire robots will be developed to the practical application stage. .Some fire safety inspections and fire technical analysis can also be instruction in fire fighting robot. .Such as Japan's recent special Mou Zach developed security robot that can lift their own pressing the switch, to inspect the building floors and found flames, they can immediately use a fire extinguisher. .The robot can sense the body's various sensors smoke, heat, and suspicious persons and other anomalies, and use the built-in communications device to report unusual circumstances to the security company. .In the event of fire, security company, after receiving the information can be converted remote control systems, command the robot using the installation of a fire extinguisher in his possession. .<BR> Future building development trend of automatic fire-fighting facilities are: to sustainable use; to the inexhaustible supply of energy security is based; efficient use of energy and resources; efficient recycling of waste materials and by-products; increasingly intelligent .The higher the building the future development trend of automatic fire-fighting facilities, I believe this day just around the corner. .References <BR> 1 <BR> Zhu Hua Tang. .Clean gas fire in the 21st century development of new technologies, development and overlooking. .<BR> 2 Song Hong ice. .21 Fire forecast. ."Fire", 2002 (2) <BR> 3 Pan Gang. .Urban fire detection and fire alarm communications technology. .Shenzhen Fire Advisory Network, 2002; 10 ~ 11 <BR> 4 Wu Qihong. .Fire situation and the development of fire safety technology in China. ."1999 International Conference on Urban Fire Safety Engineers" <BR> 5 Wu Chengdong. .The development of intelligent building technology at home and abroad. ."Intelligent Building" <BR> 6 Li Deren. .Digital Earth and the "Three S" technology. .GIS Forum <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 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