【 Weak current College 】 fire facilities in the building of the importance of

Fire facilities means building (construction) build from within the settings of automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler systems, fire hydrant system built for prevention and suppression (structure) build of fire equipment and facilities. Commonly used with automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler systems, fire hydrant system, gas fire extinguishing systems, foam extinguishing systems, dry-powder fire extinguisher system, smoke exhaust system, security, evacuation systems.
Fire facilities ensuring fire safety and evacuation safety facilities, is an important part of modern architecture. Fire facilities are divided into two major categories, such as a fire extinguishing system and the other for evacuation system. By building fire control room for the operation control, maintenance, building fire facilities is always good and effective State, ensuring fire safety in buildings.
China's legislative building fire facilities relatively late, but developed rapidly, in 1987, after the enactment of the architectural design of the fire code, and a series of fire technical regulations, provided in a number of high-rise buildings, underground construction and general content of the building, forced automatic fire extinguishing facilities and fire control rooms. 20 years, suppression fire plays a great role, effective protection of the citizen safety and security of the State property.
Developed building fire facilities more mature, for example United States in 1904 on the legislative, the modern building set fire safety, according to the United States Institute of statistics, recent fire-69 years, install automatic fire-fighting facilities building fire, fire-fighting facilities efficient 96.1%. Are you sure to ensure that fire safety in buildings.
But we cannot fail to see that our urban architecture, building fire facilities in product quality and installation quality and maintenance management, there are serious shortcomings and pitfalls. Recently I provincial cities, so shocking, fire-fighting facilities good rate of less than 25%, especially automatic alarm system, the problem is particularly acute. You know, building fire facilities cannot effectively work, equal to the building is not, in itself a significant fire hazard. We must have a deep understanding, but lightly.
We must increase the intensity of the supervision and management, improve building fire facilities, good rate, guarantee citizens ' safety and fire safety of buildings. Fire facilities, great variety, we are here only involves building commonly used the following seven types of building fire facilities inspection:
(A) automatic alarm system.
Fire is essential for early warning. Modern architecture installed automatic fire alarm system. It is the building of the nervous system, feelings, receive a signal and fire alarm, the alarm time. It is a competent watchman, to live and work in buildings, people with great sense of security.
Automatic alarm system is a modern building in one of the most important one of fire facilities, according to the fire alarm (probes), divided into smoke, temperature sensor, light sensor, composite, and other means, to adapt to different situations. Fire alarm signal, it automatically or notify the person on duty manual start other fire-fighting facilities and evacuation facilities to ensure that buildings and personnel safety.
Automatic alarm system frequently asked questions:
1, fire detectors (probes) extra-service, homemade probe life generally thirty hours, (three and a half years), the world famous fire detector service life of up to 60 000 hours (seven years). But now there are building alarm system shall be ten years, the probe does not replace, repair, cleaning, Detector sensitivity does not meet the needs of work and the resulting fire information nor is it possible to accurately, that may hinder the alarm time, causing the disaster, this is a significant fire hazard.
2, automatic alarm system and annual inspection. Some units cannot insist on the annual inspection, there is no specification of test methods, test results, the lack of reliability. (This unit shall bear responsibility for the detection of) some of the units on the statutory annual perfunctory.
3, some units on the lax management building fire facilities, usually on automatic alarm systems neglect maintenance problems can not be timely repair, run under disease;
4th, has the automatic alarm systems and fire-fighting system and other fire-fighting system cannot linkage, fire-fighting system functional defects, this phenomenon in the late 1980s and 1990s are common in architecture.
5 units of fire control rooms usually watch understaffed, often a person a day, more than 12 hours on duty; less than two people on the job. Do not fill in the on-duty records.
6, fire power problems, does not guarantee automatic warning system in case of power failure automatically switch to continue working.
7, building fire facilities renewal, or increase the configuration, updates, device, design, and original equipment other systems cannot be linked.
8, automatic alarm system to renounce the use of, the application does not report, since the elimination from the off. This proportion is not small, belongs to a significant fire hazard.
9, automatic alarm system did not establish full practice, and do not follow the practice to run, some units fire control room does not guarantee 24-hour monitoring, or even to work on, work to shut down.
How to implement on-the-spot checks
First, in fire control room access to the records, check on duty automatic alarm system maintenance, cleaning, fire detector replacement.
Second, check the current and previous year's annual inspection certificate of building fire protection facilities;
3. check whether your fire disposition actions, ask the attendant own sound dedicated automatic alarm system equipment features and procedures.
4. check the installation of automatic alarm system technical data are complete (including construction and final acceptance, equipment maintenance of various information).
5. check the alarm system for emergency operation (for example in the case, all of a sudden power outage without water). Check the on-duty operators are familiar with the operation of automatic fire-fighting facilities control device, able to face a variety of settings, the mastery of fire, can skilled disposal procedures for various types of call forward communication tools.
6. let the watchman actual operation, check the automatic alarm systemCommission of the following features (or part)
1, controller, self-inspection function;
2, silencers, reset function;
3, fault alarm;
4. fire priority function;
5, alarm memory function;
6, power supply automatic conversion function;
7, screening, isolation device function;
8, detector alarm function;
9, manual fire alarm button functionality;
10, fire broadcasting function.
11, and other fire fighting facilities of linkage function, etc.
(B) of the sprinkler system
Automatic sprinkler system is currently the most commonly used automatic fire fighting facilities, in a public gathering places for building large number in settings, automatic sprinkler fire-fighting system in the case of the initial fire suppression, very effective, greatly enhance and building safety performance. Ensure that the sprinkler system in good condition is valid, significant.
Sprinkler system-wide issues:
1, automatic sprinkler systems, fire-fighting water pressure is low, can not meet the requirements of the pressure spraying system; there is no voltage of sprinkler systems, the device does not meet the higher floors of water pressure.
2. spraying pump does not access the fire power distribution lines, or does not have a spare pumps, fire-fighting water failed to meet the spray pump start since irrigation-water level requirements.
3. alarm valve group did not indicate the name of the system and the protection zone signs, the water flow indicator no signs,
4, the sprinkler system piping corrosion and leakage; not painted red and white markings, pipelines, valves not overhaul mark nameplate.
5. failure to insist on a regular basis at the end of the water test, or test data. There is no end of floor system and drop pipe, there's no drainage facilities.
6, the nozzle was screened, valves rust, pipe leakage can not be timely maintenance.
How to conduct on-site inspection:
1. on-site check alarm valve group function, see valve, valves, pressure gauges and pressure after are the same, the water valve at the drainage; water after delay unit, hydraulic pressure switch on the alarm, motion, spraying pump is a timely start.
2, the fire pump room scene starts fire pump, spray pumps, namely the test manual and automatic.
3. at the end of the test water detection system linkage function;
4. check voltage system regulators pumps working state.
5, preaction type alarm valve automatic alarm function tests. Air and exhaust system testing.
(3) fire partition system
Public gathering places for the fire zone checking is very important, good and efficient fire protection district facilities will ensure that the fire, the fire spread will be effectively controlled, we used in the fire safety inspection, they often neglect to building fire partitions facility inspection, lessons learned a lot. When the check is not only to note the horizontal divider, also note the vertical fireproofing measures,
Fire partition system-wide issues:
1, on building awareness of fire prevention Division is wrong, is not aware of the fire prevention Division is a spatial concept. Management plane separated facilities very attention, but on the vertical segregation measures, such as floor fire sealing between up and down the little attention; on the floors of the staircase between the space of a short circuit, high-rise construction pipeline well also didn't notice take sealing measures. Such lessons too much.
2. fire shutter by piling up debris or counter, the impact of landing;
3, fire doors, fireproof window breakage deformation affecting separated function;
4. ventilation piping, air conditioning pipes, exhaust gas piping system does not have or lack of fire dampers, or fire valve malfunction.
5, off¡á1 fire doors, fire shutter design is not maintained in the long term. Automatic control of solenoid valve malfunction or failure.
6, fire doors group is not in camera order or is damaged.
How to conduct on-site inspection:
1. on-site checks of fire doors, fireproof window, firewall, there is no distortion, breakage, rust, fail.
2. on-site examination of high-rise pipe shaft seal;
3, check the ventilation and air-conditioning system of fire dampers and smoke extraction system for fire dampers, there is no damage, corrosion, deformation and failure conditions.
4. check the glass curtain wall of the wall between Windows and sills wall of fire-blocking situation.
5. check the site on each floor of the Atrium space of fireproofing facilities are intact and valid.
6. fire shutter of testing includes:
Detection of shutter-control box alarm function; testing shutter-control box manual control function; Cheng startup and automatic scene operations start shutter scene, far-start feature. On-site operation shutter manually speed drop, check the shutter curtain protection device.
(4) smoke partition systems and smoke control equipment,
Smoke partition systems and the role of smoke control system is that the buildings in the event of fire, in a timely manner to the high temperature, toxic smoke period limited in scope and quickly discharged outside. Limit the spread of fire and the fire escape provides fresh air to prevent high-temperature, toxic smoke invasion. Ensure the safety of the personnel of escaping, the importance of the role. Public gathering places architecture is particularly important, so regular maintenance and periodic inspection, can guarantee the smoke partition systems and smoke control system functionality intact and valid.
Smoke control system for common issues:
1, should be set at the location of the flue facilities, do not set the vertical wall of smoke. Cannot form a smoke partition. Or failure of the vertical wall of smoke.
2. positive-pressure blowers and exhaust blower not regular inspection, operation, good rate is very low.
3, smoke stairway of air damage phenomenon in various buildings.
4, fire control room on the system of remote start and linkage operation there is synchronous and cannot be combined.
5, natural smoke of premises height of exhaust window corrosion does not work well or operation is not convenient.
How to conduct on-site inspection:
In the scene and fire control rooms for the following test, check the status of the entire system
> 1, on-site startup blower group; remote start blower; automatically starts the blower;
2. start the positive pressure ventilation system, and check the air (valve) are functioning effectively;
3. start the exhaust fan site; remote boot exhaust fan; auto-start and exhaust blower. Check air-conditioning and ventilation systems for fire dampers can be self-locking.
4, manually open and reset exhaust outlet (valve) opened properly and effectively;
5. check the test smoke hanging wall; (both manually and automatically)
6. detection system linkage test functionality. Give a regional signal, the fire prevention Division of fire prevention Division facilities (fire door, fireproof window, fire shutter, fire dampers,) functionality is intact and valid.
7. check the site, be aware there are no blocking the exhaust vents and impede the activities of the vertical wall of smoke.
8. check the premises of exhaust window height is flexible and easy to use, whether or not the operation was convenient.
(5) fire hydrant system
Indoor hydrant system is the most common building fire-fighting equipment, fire fighting, simple and effective. But from a public gathering places for the check, the situation is not optimistic, there are many problems, the indoor hydrant system intact rate is very low, so that you can no longer play a role when the fire broke, we must pay attention to the height, in fire inspection to serve as a valuable content to check the indoor hydrant system fully effective.
Common issues:
1, high-rise buildings lower pressure than 0.4Mp, no vacuum unit; in this way to use a lot, too much pressure to operate, but also easy to cause accidents.
2, fire hydrant boxes of water gun, hose, interface, fire reel (tap) and other equipment is missing, incomplete, pump start button;
3, water pressure, do not meet the requirements of the full water column with a water gun. Impact of fire-fighting the fire.
4, fire hydrant box equipment rust, water valve with mildew, rust cannot open;
5, pump adapter failures, failure.
How to conduct on-site inspection:
1. site use fire hydrant water gun shooting water (directly into the sewer system) to check the fire water pressure;
2. fire box in the Start button to start the fire pump;
3. check the fire hydrant box at the gun, belt, interface, layering, valves, reel are complete.
4. check the indoor hydrant system check valves, pressure reducing valve, there is no valve corrosion phenomena; water with no damage, mildew.
(6) portable fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher and carts
Hand-held fire extinguishers and trolley-type fire extinguishers fire fighting building at an early stage is the most effective fire-fighting equipment, easy to use, easy to grasp. Is the gathering place to configure the public's most common fire equipment. He has a variety of types. For different types of fire. Ensure the effective use of fire extinguishers are fighting the prerequisites at the beginning of the fire.
Check the various fire extinguishers, is our public gathering places check is an important element. We should be skilled master check content and focus, and skilled master of fire extinguishers configuration in different places.
Problems:
1. insufficient, fire extinguishers selection and place environment fire type mismatch;
2. fire extinguisher pressure gauge with extended; no, or insufficient;
3, summer heat season fire extinguishers in the sunlight direct exposure, (which may cause an explosion) winter period of fire extinguishers in the outdoor storage (resulting in failure);
4, fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher boxes placed in a locked, not easily accessible.
5. configuration of fire extinguisher is informal manufacturers of fake and shoddy products, or maintenance of fire extinguishers.
How to conduct on-site inspection:
1. check the placement of the appropriateness of fire extinguishers, the environment is not configured with the set point at the same time; inconsistent fire extinguishers (e.g. ABC powder and foam, dry chemical powder and BC)
2, according to the risk level checks whether the number of fire extinguishers, fire extinguishers adequate premises selection is appropriate;
3, have no fire extinguisher rusting, expires or insufficient;
4. is convenience. Fire extinguishers are national certified products are certified manufacturers maintenance.
(VII) gas fire extinguishing systems and foam extinguishing systems:
Gas fire extinguishing system is a more advanced fire suppression systems, investment is large. Generally set to the local space protection, the high places of public gathering places also have involved, such as museums, large libraries, national ancient buildings and other places.
Foam extinguishing systems is typically configured in the laboratory and the Metro, hangar and other special parts.
Common issues:
1, steel cylinders 20oC to expire, or insufficient; no alternate medium cylinder group;
2. start the cylinder pressure is insufficient,
3, gas fire extinguishing system and automatic alarm system cannot linkage, fire control, remote control cannot operate gas fire extinguishing systems.
4, foam system in addition to the foaming agent expired, fermentation problems, other issues (such as pipeline valves, etc.) and sprinkler systems.
5, gas fire extinguishing system protected space no jet of warning signs, no alarm lights and alarms.
How to conduct on-site inspection:
1, to check the gas fire extinguishing agent of stocks, validity period, pipeline pressure, pressure cylinders started.
2. check the protection space of closed cases, doors and Windows of the pressure resistance, have no connection with external space in large lead to the disclosure;
3. check the control room on fire-extinguishing system control. Automatic control and manual control is normal;
4. the foam system checks and sprinkler system check content. However, attention should be paid to the validity of the foam fire extinguishing agent is expired; check the bubble liquid is metamorphic, fermentation, has no smell; or open saved, in the sun exposure.
5, the protected space of the gas injection, alarm warning light is easy to use, warning signs of lamp is easy to use;
6, foam system of foam mixed liquid tank,Oxygenator, foam Lance, foam cannon and other devices to good effect.
Fire facilities inspection testing, to be patient and meticulous, not yet, dragonflies to seriously test, detailed record. As the basis for the maintenance inspection.
Fire facilities along with the technological progress constantly upgrading, new facilities and old facilities can be a good combination of matching should not be overlooked, many new facilities installation due to a good solution and a combination of the original facilities, but debugging problems is the entire system to a standstill. We encountered during the inspection equipment updates, it is necessary to pay attention to this issue.
There's more to building fire facilities, once checks have difficulties, you can set the rest of the facilities in the next time you check in the check.
Yangbingqianri, commanding, building fire facilities maintenance checks, is the long-term reforms, in order to guarantee effective fire fighting facilities in good condition, to ensure the fire safety of building sites, you must be patient adherence, serious and responsible, meticulous. For fire fighting supervisory staff, for building managers engaged in fire-fighting facilities should also be the case.