【 Weak current College 】 hot season chemical enterprises fire safety protection against accidents of

Abstract: the chemical industry in promoting national economic development, but also to social security and stability is quite dangerous. Chemical accidents occurring frequently to contribute to the safe production. This article by analyzing the chemical accident three characteristics and three reasons, put forward in the current environment of high temperature season under chemical enterprises fire safety protection against accidents of three suggestions.
　　
Keyword: dangerous chemicals, chemical accidents, safety against accidents
　　
With the modernization of the rapid development of the chemical industry in China's national importance and status of each passing day, the country has a chemical enterprise with more than 28 million, employees in more than 5 million, development of the chemical industry to promote industrial and agricultural production, strengthen national defense and advancement of people's living standards, and so has an important significance. But in recent years, the chemical enterprise safety in production status not optimistic, the country has undergone a number of chemical accidents, causing significant casualties and property damage, harm to the steady development of the economic and social stability and harmony. Of which influential is 15 April 2004, is located in the Chongqing Jiangbei district, Chongqing tianyuan chemical General factory of chlorine leak events occur, 16 hours of explosions, nine people were killed and three were injured and evacuate people 15 million people. 16 June 2006 3: 09 am, is located in maanshan, Anhui Province, China near dangtu County in Anhui Province Dunan chemical group co., Ltd. emulsification workshop powder milk powder before processes an explosion. Result of 14 people were killed and 30 others were injured.
　　
In General, chemical enterprises of fire safety accident characteristics include the following:
　　
First, the accident occurrence probability range of incentives.
　　
Chemical process complex, related equipment is subjected to high temperature, high pressure and low temperature, high-vacuum and handling of flammable and explosive, corrosive, toxic or harmful media tool that operates strictly controlled conditions, a slight negligence, accidents with it. Throw an accident from human error to hardware failure, including process design is not reasonable, operations personnel misoperation, process indicators control improper, raw materials, utilities are not eligible, as well as the instruments and equipment of abnormal fault, and even the local geology and climate change will cause a disaster, it is impossible.
　　
The second is the scene of the accident circumstances change complex, difficult to fire rescue.
　　
General chemical Enterprise scene of the accident are rather complex, often accompanied by the first explosion, after burning, explosion or combustion, or alternating between combustion and explosion. Chemical plant fire, often due to the combustion of biomass, production equipment and the mutual influences between buildings, fire was rapidly expanded, as well as a stereo, large-area, the fire burning in the form of points. Due to the production of raw materials, intermediates and products most in the case of flammable, explosive, toxic substances, and the majority of liquid or gaseous state, and therefore have different from solid material flow diffusion properties, high variability, to the accident scene changes of the situation with a very unstable factors, resulting in on-site command staff unable to accurately grasp the accident situation development direction, increasing the difficulty of fire-fighting and rescue work.
　　
Third, the accident scene full of dangerous chemical substances, it is easy to result to death, personal injury and property damage, the social impact of the worst.
　　
Chemical enterprises in the production, processing and storage of chemicals, chemical products and most highly toxic, corrosive, bio with strong injurious to human harm especially serious. The current widely used in chemical industry as an example of chlorine, chlorine gas in the air, the maximum permitted concentration of only 0.002mg/L, the excess 2.5mg/l, who soon after inhalation. Due to the leak or explosion fire, chemical accident scene are often filled with a lot of dangerous chemical substances, fire fighting and rescue operations smoothly. Toxic gas would seriously threaten the lives of the fire-fighting and rescue personnel; safety of corrosive substances will burn skin and damage of combat suits, water and other materials and equipment. In recent years, the storage of dangerous chemicals and transportation accidents, if such incidents happen in a densely populated area, immediately involved a large number of personnel, material of evacuation, transfer to different degrees, and affects the urban water, electricity, gas, transportation, health care, social security and order maintenance work, environmental pollution is becoming difficult to cure ills to local economic and social stability of loss is immeasurable.
Through the analysis of the large number of cases, the cause of chemical accidents in the following three points:
　　
First, production, Stockpiling of disrepair aging equipment, run, run, drip, leak phenomenon pervasive, extremely easy to cause leakage.
　　
In many industries, particularly the private nature of SMEs, because of financial, technical and quality reasons, neglect to existing production and storage equipment for maintenance, improvements, equipment failure, corrosion fatigue tube and pump parts because of fracture, and RIP, valve damage pipes, flanges, causing loose hazardous chemicals leak, result in poisoning or throw burning explosion. Such as oil and chemical plant "Jiangxi 4.20" chlorine residual liquid leakage incidents, 282 human poisoning caused by the direct reason was because chlorine steel bottle of cylinder valve to vent and stem are serious corrosion, temperature rise, bottle gas expansion, corrosion of the valve block, leading out of chlorine residual fluid leaks.
　　
Second, workers lack the necessary training, widespread illegal operations, resulting in accidents.
　　
Chemical enterprises of technological process and equipment complex, operation control procedure strictly, the mix of raw materials, production time reaction vessels, temperature control, and so on all have clear rules, the slightest error pool. But the fact is, some small and medium enterprise to save money, hiring undocumented workers engaged in important positions, workers lack the necessary operational training, the "experience" in the medium and small chemical sector has a very big market. For example, 21 August 2003,Tongzhou city, Jiangsu Province, a sponge to employ non-hazardous chemicals operations certificate as workshop Director, let no welding and electrical permits and other special job certificates only work, violating the operation of the accident occurred, resulting in 2 dead, 2 injured, many buildings were destroyed.
　　
The third is a natural phenomenon caused by chemical accidents or disasters such as lightning, flood, earthquake, etc. For example 1989 August 12, Qingdao Huangdao oil depot fire and explosion is a land of rolling thunder.
　　
At present the country is in high summer season, the chemical enterprise safety in production of facing a severe test. To this end, the author believes the chemical industry to enhance fire safety and accident prevention measures should include the following: "3"
　　
First, the good facilities run off to implement anti-temperature, leakproof, lightning, explosion of work measures. High temperature situations should strictly monitor production equipment and storage facilities of temperature change, in accordance with the relevant requirements for cooling and ventilation in a timely manner; the strict implementation of production equipment, pressure pipe and tank cars, and other facilities of the regular examination system, including the testing facilities of airtight conditions, lightning protection against static electricity capacity and high pressure, high temperature performance; sound chemical industry facilities security oversight mechanisms, requiring enterprises to anyone who does not comply with the requirements of the production, stockpiling equipment resolutely replacement or timely repair, from hardware source to prevent accidents.
　　
The second is the good quality of staff, from a subjective consciousness on curb accidents. Production must put an end to the phenomenon of undocumented induction, strengthen practitioners ' business skills training and security awareness education, standard operating procedures, abandon the experience on the concept of error. In case of welding, cutting, simmer the asphalt, torch, flame, and electric knife switch, electrical equipment of high voltage test, impact of metal utensils and so easy to produce sparks or drink on the surface of the temporary jobs, you should strictly follow the ticket for the program, the practical implementation of onsite fire safety protection measures, to strengthen participation in ticket processing and fire personnel responsibility and safety awareness.
　　
Third, keep the good self-aid gateway, practical exercises carried out regularly, and strengthen emergency accident response capacities, do they happen. Although currently many chemical companies are aware of the importance of fire safety, increase the safety input and checks, but for a sudden accident emergency ability is still quite lacking in self, Enterprise workers overall fire safety quality and oneselk capacity needs to be improved. The current climate of high temperature increases chemical safety incidents of instability in the face of sudden accident, how to effectively fight, how to minimize personnel, property losses, not only for fire departments and enterprises dedicated fire brigade, you also need enterprise organization employees long-term training education and field exercises, by improving the staff overall fire safety quality and oneselk ability, truly possible trouble.
　　
Improve safety precautions do effectively curb accidents, but this does not mean that you can prevent accidents. Panoramic view in recent years, the chemical industry security incidents, you can find a lot of accidents was not accidental, isolated, both from a technical point of view or management aspect, is a rule-based, but most of them can be avoided. Chemical industry still need to develop, but how to properly handle this kind of social needs and dangerous chemicals accidents between, is the foundation of our social development.