【 Weak current College 】 University dormitory fire status---Power By 【 China power house network 】

I. preface
　　
Currently, the national public security Fire Department was carefully studied and implemented with the Conference spirit of 17th National Party, actively developing fire hazard renovation work, the University student apartment as personnel-intensive sites is this vulnerability remediation work. Student apartment as daily rest and accommodation establishments, the personnel density, vulnerability management, student fire safety awareness is not very strong, and the fire hazard, in the event of fire, extremely easy to cause substantial property damage and loss of life, to create a good fire safety environment is a normal teaching order, scientific research work smoothly with powerful guarantee. But I work in the last few years around the school fires frequent domestic, fire occurred and property losses are on the rise, some higher fire safety work situation is not optimistic, particularly universities and students apartment fire safety work, there are many shortcomings.
　　
Result in fire safety situation is not optimistic that there are many reasons. Including geographical restrictions and economic constraints, school leaders on the importance of fire prevention of inadequate, school safety Manager to fire knowledge poor, poor college students ' awareness of fire prevention and public education system is not perfect, and much more. Therefore, strengthening the school fire safety, improve students ' self-awareness is extremely necessary. School management not only on the students ' self awareness be enough attention, but also to put the fire safety work on campus fire safety management in the first place to catch fire in infrastructure construction, conditional to specially equipped with fire protection expertise of the workforce, in the event of fire, capable of directing, guiding students evacuation or fire fighting. Hope campus fire safety to increasingly get school management more focus and attention.
　　
Second, the University dormitory fire risk
　　
1, building design, fire resistance ratings low
　　
Institutions of general school school time earlier, and the influence of school generally has a long history, a school was built in the sixties of last century, even before the liberation, because at that time the building design fire protection and other aspects of the specification is not yet complete, student dormitories for wood construction, civil engineering and architecture, bricks buildings, fire resistance ratings generally lower, mostly less than three-level, and some have even less than four-level, there is a fire, the fire spread very easily. For historical reasons and financial constraints, particularly for large spoke of enrollment, many colleges and universities to build new schools, the original level is low, and the poor condition of the building continues to use, and a large proportion. Plus schools illegal design, decoration, architectural violation left layout is reasonable, the fire separation between quarters, large dormitory without fire, smoke, interior decoration, decoration makes extensive use of flammable and combustible material, and so many inherent dangers. Some students ' hostel in architectural design there is major fire hazards, no second security export or only one staircases, evacuation channel set to bag-aisle, high-rise dormitories or even just have an elevator. November 24, 2003 people's Friendship University of Russia, student dormitories for 6 electrical line failures, fire, fire building was a wooden-floor hostel, spread rapidly after fire, including nine Chinese students, 42 people dead and more than 200 people were injured, and the school in a number of months consecutively two fires. 2004 Xuzhou engineering command college dormitory fires are directly related to construction to brick and spread rapidly.
　　
2, fire safety management mechanism is not perfect, preventive measures are not in place.
　　
Due to the fire defense departments in colleges and universities, student apartments, apartment complex, varied characteristics, universities often easy to overlook fire service on supervision of student apartments, student apartment fire safety loopholes. Dormitory fire hazards grows, and fire-extinguishing equipment is water and seriously lagging behind, become increasingly not adapted to the needs of the fire protection, fire-fighting. First, the Fire Department for fire-fighting equipment configured, this is to happen after a fire, to timely and effective treatment, but the school to students for effective management, has taken many violations of fire safety regulations. Example: in order to prevent an emergency light, evacuation signage, escape masks, water gun, hose, fire damage and loss, take a unified approach in custody, while on duty, so that there is no "fixed assets", once the loss of a fire, these necessary items will lose its due role; the second is the installation of outdoor and indoor hydrant, whole school no water sources, the fire hydrant is useless. After the fire, because of insufficient, delayed the fire water. There are three quarters although later added some fire facilities, equipment, but do not want to replace the expired and then input the expired fire-fighting equipment from the time of the fire should not play a role, delays in time to put out the fire. 2003 December 23, Nanjing Institute of a dormitory fires, because there is no water in the vicinity of the hostel, and even a fire hydrant, plus the hostels were not equipped with fire-fighting facilities and equipment, delays in time to put out the fire, the fire spread rapidly expanding, the smoke was dispatched in good time, fortunately, the fire department fire-fighting more pieces, no casualties. In 2000, the United States, New Jersey, Seton Hall University, 1952, the construction of a six-storey hostel there is a fire, resulting in 3 deaths, 54 people were injured. The construction and installation the alarm system, and equipped with a fire extinguisher, but the alarm system, and the dormitory is not installed with an automatic sprinkler system.
　　
3. in-school-student fire safety awareness among, fire safety knowledge, lack of common sense
　　
Most of the schools on the dormitory home fire safety seriously enough, to faculty and students ' lack of awareness of fire, resulting in weak students ' fire safety awareness. Some students errors that only in shopping malls, markets, dance halls, personnel are crowded, flammable substances more venues will be in case of fire, the student dormitory of inflammable substances, the use of fire power consumptionSmall fires. In the dormitory privacy then mess pull the wire, the illegal use of electric wok, heat and other high-power electrical faster, prolonged use of computers and other phenomena are common. Hostels in electricity consumption increases, but the electrical lines are not timely repair, replacement, electrical wiring not concealed or wear metal pipe protection, plus the layout is not reasonable, seven vertical 8 mess like Spider, insulation ageing damaged, core issues or jutting from time to time, the probability of occurrence of short circuit fire increased significantly. Many fire accident in students leave the quarters without cutting off the fire source, power supply, caused by the use of fire appliances often time ohmic heating to overheat, ignite combustibles around. Schools on the dormitory lack of fire safety management and the necessary checks, even if the check is also a mere formality, turning a blind eye to the discovery of hidden dangers, did not fulfil their responsibilities. Students lack the most basic fire safety knowledge and common sense, don't know how to prevent fires, fire resistance, panic, neither escape, nor will the alarm, you will not use fire extinguishers, fire equipment, fire fighting since the beginning. 23 December 2003, Shenyang a dormitory for faster Chen using hot water heating, fire, although the whole building 1900 multiple students under fire brigade rescue escape, but also give the students the fire caused serious economic losses. 19 February 2003 5, and mapping campus 4, Wuhan University dormitories, a students ' use of electric blankets are not promptly cut off power supply in case of fire, three layers of 28 bedroom in a short time to dust, fire area 450 m2, direct economic loss of 10 million Yuan. 6 November 2002, 18: 30 pm 4, Xi'an joint university students ' apartment 3 layer a boys dormitory fire, the smoke from the rapid spread of level 3 and 4 to 5 layers, many students who lack the knowledge to escape, but ran to the fire floor upstairs, hiding in the dormitory, some even to the firemen to the rescue, also refused to come out.
　　
4. evacuation is not smooth
　　
Student hostel at night, the emergency door locked against theft is a common phenomenon, there are many casualties of fire because of security door locks and security exports was plugging or evacuation facilities were shut up, resulting in a fire after the officers were trapped unable to escape. Have the student dormitory in the aisle, bicycle storage cabinets, etc., and, in the staircase set shop, some even cooking in the aisle, resulting in the evacuation is not clear. Individual to appearance, the hostel is set to go door to door, side doors, roller doors, etc., affecting evacuated. Some schools in order to increase economic efficiency, on the first floor of the hostel into commercial net lease to individually, the transformation in order to export the security against theft, plugging. Have the student dormitory failing to comply with the prescribed set evacuation signs and emergency lighting, even if the set is also due to lack of maintenance management, paralysis, fire, evacuation channels filled with smoke, students cannot find the security for export, the siege by the fire and smoke. Many school dormitory without making emergency evacuation plans, no evacuation drills, causing a fire evacuation after personnel cannot. 9 June 2002, in Kunming, Xindian a school there is a fire, resulting in the death of eight boarding students. 26 March 2001, Kenya in the early morning of Machakos a boarding school dormitories for arson fires, causing 58 boys were burned to death, 28 men being the tragedy of severe burns. In the burning two only 96 sheets of iron bed dormitories are accommodate 130 student accommodation, causing casualties of the main reason is the fire door was locked at the hostel, hostel only 10 window also were sealed with iron bars, so much so that many students cannot escape in a timely manner. 26 March 1998, the port city of Mombasa Kenya a woman boarding school dormitory fire door was due to the hostel warden of deadlock, 22 female students were burned to death and another 80 people were burned.
　　
III. strategy
　　
Schools must follow the law and the authorities, associations, enterprises and institutions to fire safety regulations will be dormitory fire safety management work into the annual work plans and objectives of management focus to develop students ' dormitory fire safety management measures, the whole school and concerted good fire management mode from the source to prevent fires from occurring. Fire departments should meet the security departments of the schools, increase school dormitory of supervision and checks, to promote fire safety knowledge and common sense, and regularly carry out fire safety training for students, make the hearts of fire safety awareness, attention to the prevention of fire incidents, so that every student in the event of a fire evacuation is correct, the report fire extinguishing equipment is used, the beginning of fire fighting. School part-time firefighters should develop students ' dormitory fire emergency evacuation plans and regular evacuation drills to enhance students ' ability to escape self-help, might encounter. At the same time also from several areas to strengthen the disposal.
　　
1. actively to strengthen and improve the College's fire management mechanism, and fully implement the good student apartment of preventive measures.
　　
College student apartment fire management, in addition to form a top-down approach at every level are responsible for fire safety management system, you must fully implement all fire safety management system, the University security sector to colleges of fire management system for supervision and inspection, regular in-depth to the student dormitory area fire safety education and check, identify and eliminate the fire hazard, school leaders should pay close attention to the importance of fire prevention, fire prevention seriously implement the responsibility system for student apartment fire safety management to supervise the guidance, regular or irregular conduct various fire drills to enhance students ' fire safety knowledge and education, and to increase funding for school fire. College students have to consciously abide by the school of fire management system, strictly fulfil obligations not violation of fire with fire, electrical, fire hazards found in time to the school's Security Department report.
　　
2. to improve school security departments of the discovery and early fire fighting capability.
　　
Timely and effective disposal beginning of fire is the best extinguishing OfficeLaw, as a school safety and security sector even more important role. Requires schools to implement necessary measures for the prevention, suppression, and student dormitories should configure the necessary fire extinguishing equipment, evacuation, emergency lighting walkways installed posted striking fire warnings, fire telephone number, etc. Fire departments should regularly training school guards on the discovery of fire and fire suppression capabilities in the early days, the guards to existing fire facilities designated management, fire departments to better defend the staff training and maintenance work to ensure its healthy and effective, on failure, fire extinguishing equipment for expired good repair replacement work. Particular school security cadres to regularly view the dormitory, night lights to go after more in order to identify problems, solve problems, once combustion, on the one hand can quickly alerts, on the one hand, the timely elimination and control the fire, the fire loss to minimize as much as possible.
　　
3. foster self-help skills for escape.
　　
School fires caused students to death, personal injury, often not open fire burned directly, but rather due to a lack of understanding about blindly run or escape hide in a corner and large amounts of toxic smoke inhaled causing suffocation. If you are able to master the skills, then hit escape students can carry out a fire in the first time, which can help significantly reduce the rate of fire casualties. Current national fire agencies are conducting fire propagating the "four input" activities, schools should actively cooperate with the Fire Department do our students ' education and training, at the entrance of the military training while imparting basic knowledge of anti-off, fire. At the request of various universities in teaching the basic knowledge through to the course content, it may invite the fire monitors to school as students teach fire safety class, or the use of local fire station open to organizations and teachers visit to watch the fire officers and soldiers fighting combat exercises, initial training students disposal approaches to fire and self-help skills.
　　
4, the fire brigade to fight well prepared to ensure the strength of the place.
　　
Schools as a key security objects, fire forces must regularly carry out detailed research on basic conditions in particular in places of major events held at the school and teachers, to always grasp, realistic and effective firefighting plan, do know he is a real friend, so that in the event of a fire can be targeted to improve the success rate of saving and fire-fighting. As fire fighting and rescue aid of professional teams, the fire department upon receipt of such key unit of fire, the need to strengthen the forces deployed to ensure that fire fighting power of sufficient, while commanding respect to deploy highly experienced commanders to command, to rescue and fire fighting in a win-win situation.
　　
The school is talented person's repository, campus fire safety should be of sufficient importance to avoid big losses. Thankfully, the campus fire safety has increasingly been the concern of the community, there are more and more schools will fire safety as an important task, campus fire safety environment has considerably changed, we believe, as the Government's attention and efforts of all sectors of society, our campus fire safety work is bound to the meeting to a new level, education reform and development of a safe environment.