【 Weak current College 】 fire service training materials

First, fire and applying acceptance procedures
Qualified design units plot — reported Fire Department approval (3-15 days) — the audit opinion press audit opinion amending the drawings — applying again — a consent construction views--construction drawing original and copy of the report of proofreading comments tube company archive — construction — debugging — a professional unit testing-out inspection report (2-7 days)-a report on the original audit unit acceptance — site acceptance — a qualified opinion – pre-opening fire check-out agreement opening comments — opened.
Second, fire and applying the information to be provided:
Decoration floor plans and construction drawings; lighting, electricity plans and construction drawings; decoration materials, fireproofing material certificate; decoration qualification certificate
3. fire protection basics
1, fire protection to the basic principle of work: "the prevention primarily, againstdisappears medicine."
Aim: A, everyone must comply with fire regulations;
B to take care of the fire-fighting facilities and equipment, learn how the use of fire extinguishers;
C, the fire service and production in the equally important location;
D to enhance fire awareness and vigilance;
E, prevention first.
2, the basic principles of fire safety work: "whoever is in charge, who is responsible for" and "specialized agencies and the combination of the masses."
3, fire — in time and space on the burning out of control.
4, burning — fuel and oxidizer of an exothermic oxidation, usually accompanied by light, smoke, or flame.
5, three elements: the combustion of fuels, combustion and the source of fire.
Fire prevention measures is: control combustibles, isolated from the combustion of a fire, elimination.
6, building fire resistance score some level?
According to the burning behaviour of the various parts of the building and fire resistance time a total of four levels, level up, the four-level minimum.
7, commercial property fire safety layout what requirements?
A, attached in other building shopping centres, the use of fire resistance rating of not less than the non-burning 2h walls and fire resistance is not lower than the floor and the other 1h places.
B, food processing, should avoid major jiadianweixiubu bit safe exit.
C, optional merchandise supermarkets to set in the first layer of shopping centres, second-tier or three-layer.
D, residential building the underlying set of shopping centres, should be not less than the fire resistance of nonflammable 3h walls and fire resistance is not lower than the floor and residential 1h part. Mall Security export should be separated with the residential portion.
E business halls, warehouses, shopping centre districts should not set employee dormitories.
8. commercial property safe export what provisions?
A number of safety outlet mall, should not be less than 2.
B, shopping security export or exit should be decentralized, adjacent 2 security export or edge evacuating export recent horizontal distance between the 5m should not be less than.
9, commercial properties in various corridors, staircases, channel width of evacuation? what are the requirements for
A shopping arcade, staircases, aisle of a waterway to be determined by the number of actual evacuation,
B, single-layer, multi-layer staircase and minimum aisle width £ 1.1m should not be less than; top stair minimum width £ should not be less than the minimum 1.2m, aisle width £ should not be less than 1.3m (aisle-side-room) or 1.4m (aisle double-sided fabric room); underground air defense stair minimum width £ should not be less than the minimum 1.4m, aisle width £ should not be less than 1.5m (aisle-side-room) or 1.6m (aisle double-sided fabric room). First floor evacuation exterior door minimum width £ 1.4m should not be less than.
C the arcades Business Hall arrangement of shelves, counter should facilitate evacuation, the main passageway width £ should not be less than 3m, other evacuation channels should not be less than 1.8m waterway.
10, commercial properties in evacuation distance what are the requirements?
A, the furthest point to the nearest safe export of maximum straight-line distance shall not exceed 30m.
B, Office and other room farthest point to the room doors maximum straight-line distance should not be greater than 15m (single-layer, multi-layer shopping centre should not be greater than 22m).
C, room door to the nearest safe export of maximum straight-line distance shall not exceed 40m. Located on both sides of the aisle or bag-shaped end of the room and its maximum straight-line distance should be half the distance.
11, commercial property on evacuation staircases what requirements?
A, located in over 5 floors of public buildings, building height not exceeding 32m II tall buildings, tall buildings podium and a building area of more than 1000m2 and indoor floor and ground floor outdoor entrance ground height difference greater than 10m underground air defence projects, there should be a closed staircase.
B, enclosed stairway, smoke stairway doors should not lower than class b fire doors. Evacuation door should open evacuation direction should not be used shutter, revolving door, doors, side door.
C, staircases and corridors of the ladder should not be using spiral staircase and fan steps, evacuation aisles should not be set less than three steps to the next level.
D, safe exit should not set the threshold, the flight of steps, screens and so affect the evacuation of occluder.
E, evacuation door within and outside 1.4m should not be set.
12, decoration materials in several levels, respectively mean?
Decoration materials according to flammability grade: A-level: incombustible material; B1 level: nonflammable materials; B2: B3 combustible material; material flammability grade:.
13, commercial property on the repair material what requirements?
Hall a, shopping centre, the ceiling, wall surface, ground and sales counter, fixed shelf should be A level of repairs materials, partition, fixed furniture, decorative fabric should be not less than B1 level of repairs materials.
B, each floor area: 3000m2 or total area shopping malls of 9000m2, its ceiling Hall, ground, cut off should be A level of repairs materials, walls, solidFor furniture, curtains should be not less than B1 level of repairs materials.
C, each floor of the building area of 1000m2 ~ 3000m2 or total area 3000m2 ~ 9000m2 shopping mall Business Hall, the ceiling should be A level of repairs materials, wall surface, ground, cut off, curtains should be not less than B1 level of repairs materials.
Hall d, other shopping centre, its ceiling, wall surface, ground should be not less than B1 level of repairs materials.
E, when the single-layer, multi-layer shopping centre is equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, apart from the roof, its internal repair material combustibility rank lower level; when at the same time equipped with automatic fire alarm system and automatic fire extinguishing system, its roof repair material combustibility rank lower level, other repair material combustibility rank is not restricted.
14, commercial property, what is the fire hydrant configuration requirements?
There are single, a, multi-storey shopping over 5 floors of public buildings, the underlying business service network is of more than six-storey residential buildings, other civil construction volume ≥ 10000m3 should a fire hydrant system.
B, high-rise shopping centre and the building area is greater than the underground air defense shopping 300m2 should be equipped with fire hydrant system.
C, the arrangement of indoor hydrant, should ensure that there are two pistol at the arrival of the full water column indoor any part. (Hydrant hose by 20 meter, the water column by 10 m)
15, commercial property on the automatic sprinkler system what requirements?
A, each floor area: 3000m2 or total construction area of 9000m2 single-layer, multi-layer Mall should be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system.
B, building area is greater than the underground market 500m2 should be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system.
C, set in the ground, half-underground; set in the building of the first floor and second floor and third floor, and a building area of more than 300m2; set in the building of the ground and including four storeys and dance entertainment installstion should be set for automatic sprinkler system.
16, commercial property on the automatic fire alarm system what requirements?
A, each layer with a construction area of more than 3000m2 of monolayer, multilayer shopping should be equipped with automatic fire alarm installations.
B, building area is greater than the underground market 500m2 should be equipped with automatic fire alarm system.
C, set in the semi-ground, ground, and set in the building of the ground and including four storeys and dance entertainment installstion should set the automatic fire alarm installations.
17, commercial property on fire emergency lighting system what requirements?
★ The following sites should have a fire emergency lighting:
A) closed stair staircase, smoke and fire front room, elevator and front room or room with front;
B) equipped with closed stair staircase or smoke evacuation of buildings and walkways; corner
C) exit and security exports;
D) single-layer, multi-layer shopping area's business Hall, 1500m2 construction area of underground shopping arcades and 300m2 high-rise shopping business Office;
E) fire control rooms, own generator room, the fire pump room and the fire still need to adhere to the work of other rooms.
★ Fire emergency lighting settings should meet the following requirements:
A suitable fire emergency lighting) is set on the wall or ceiling;
B) emergency lighting spacing should not be greater than 20m;
C) fire emergency lighting should be set glass or other non-burning material protection cover;
D) fire emergency lighting power in addition to the normal power supply, should be another way to power, when using the battery for emergency power supply, its continuous power supply should not be less than 20min (settings in the height exceeding 100m and tall buildings, underground buildings should not be less than 30min); or choose to bring power emergency lighting;
18, commercial property on evacuation signs what requirements?
A safety export of the shopping centre or the top of the exit, evacuated the aisle should have light evacuation signs.
B, each floor of the building area of more than 1000m2 of shopping malls, evacuation staircases of the wall should be continuous set self-luminous evacuation signs. C, the underground shopping centre sidewalk and major evacuation evacuation routes close to the ground floor or wall should have a luminous evacuation signs.
★ Evacuation signs set should meet the following requirements:
A) evacuation signs of directional signs graphics should point to the nearest exit or exit;
B) settings in security export or exit the evacuation signs above the bottom edge from the top edge of the door should not be greater than 0.3m;
C) set in the wall of evacuation signs, sign Center line from indoor flooring should not be greater than 1m (not easy installation of parts can be installed in the upper), self-luminous sign spacing should not be greater than 5m, lighting evacuation signage spacing should not be greater than 20m (set in the underground construction, should not be greater than 15m);
D) set on the ground evacuation signs, along the main aisle or evacuation of evacuation route continuous setting; when intermittent settings, self-luminous sign spacing should not be greater than 1.5m, light-evacuation signs should not be greater than 3m;
E) lighting evacuation signage should be set glass or other non-burning material protection cover;
F) lighting evacuation signage may use the battery for emergency power supply, its continuous power supply should not be less than 20min (settings in the height exceeding 100m and tall buildings, underground buildings should not be less than 30min). Power off after work, should be able to automatically mount a standby power supply.
19, commercial property on what fire extinguishers configuration requirements?
A, should use ABC dry powder fire extinguishers and other fire extinguishing shopping centre, suitable for the fire.
B, a fire extinguisher configuration place fire extinguishers shall not be less than 2, each set point of fire extinguishers should not be more than 5. 20, fire extinguishers, how to determine the amount of? a) calculation formula: Q= K×S÷U-Q — fire-fighting configuration places, A or B level;
S-fire extinguishers configuration places of protection area, m2;
U — A class a or b fire extinguishers configuration places the appropriate hazard class of fire extinguishers configuration baseline, m2/m2/A or B; (see tables 1, 2)
K-correction factor. No fire hydrants and fire suppression systems, K = 1.0; a fire hydrant, K = 0.7; equipped with fire fighting system, K = 0.5;
Equipped with fire hydrants and fire extinguishing system or fuel open stack, a, b, c liquid tank, K = 0.3.
★ Underground building fire extinguishers configuration places the required fire level should anxiashijisuan: Q = 1.3K×S÷U A class fire configuration location of fire extinguishers configuration baseline (table 1)
Hazard class in grave danger-danger-danger-light
Each configuration with the minimum fire extinguishers fire level 3A 5A 5A
Maximum protection area (m2/A) 10 15 20
Class b fire configuration location of fire extinguishers configuration baseline (table 2)
Hazard class in grave danger-danger-danger-light
Each configuration with the minimum fire extinguishers fire level 8B 4B 1B
Maximum protection area (m2/B) 5 7.5 10
Class c fire configuration location of fire extinguishers configuration baseline, you should press the B class fire configuration places. IV. fire-fighting and rescue
★ Fires of handlers:
1, alarm 2, evacuation, rescue, fire-fighting; 3, security guard and protection; 4, dealing with the aftermath.
★ Fires should be "three specific enquiries, nine steps"
Checking in three means:
1, check the source of fire-smoke, light-emitting points, the location of the fire, the fire perimeter environment, etc.;
2, check the fire quality — combustion of nature (solid substances, chemicals, gas, oil, etc.), there are no flammable explosive, what is the combustion of;
3, check the fire — that is, the fire is burning up which stage
(Combustion in three phases: A fire-5-7 minutes, is the best time to fight the fire;
The spread of phase B-7-15 minutes
C expansion stage — more than 15 minutes
Nine steps: alarm, fire fighting, rescue and evacuation materials, explosion, collapse, smoke, cordon, ambulance ★ how alarm when the fire broke?
1. in General, there is a fire-fighting organization should one side while timely alarm;
2, when the site is only one person, while calling for help, for processing, you must report to police, ran the call in order to obtain
With the help of the masses;
3. alarm phone: "119" ★ attention alert?
Discovered the fire quickly call your fire telephone 119. Alarm time calm, to speak out more addresses, a fire site, burning material, fire size, alarm's name and phone number, and send people into the intersection from the Jet engines. ★ The basic methods of extinguishing fire?
1, smothering method — making combustible substances off oxygen combustion and off.
2, cooling, fire-fighting methods — so that you can reduce the temperature of the combustion of the material to ignite the following the cessation of combustion.
3, isolation, fire extinguishing method — burning objects nearby combustible substance isolation or evacuation, make burning cessation.
4, suppression fire Act – the extinguishing agent in the combustion process, so that combustion produces free radicals disappear and combustion reaction stops.
★-Fighting for attention?
1. first of all to clarify the matter, and then decide what fire extinguishing equipment.
2. use all fire-fighting tools, using local materials
3, fire extinguishers should a flame root injection.
4. staff should stand up in the air.
5. should pay attention to the surrounding environment, prevent collapse and explosion.
Note: the categories should be based on the substance of fire and combustion is divided into the following categories:
First, A class of fire: means carbon solid fuel, such as wood, cotton, wool, hemp, paper, etc. combustion of fire;
Second, the B class fire: nails, b, c liquid, such as petrol, kerosene, methyl alcohol, ether, acetone, burning fires;
3. C class fire: combustible gas, such as gas, natural gas, methane, acetylene, hydrogen and other burning fires;
4 D class fire: combustible metal, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, lithium, aluminum-magnesium alloy, burning fire
Select the type of fire extinguisher shall conform to the following:
A, fighting A fire should use water, foam, ammonium phosphate powder, halon fire extinguisher type;
2. fire fighting B class should use dry chemical, foam, halon fire extinguisher, carbon dioxide, suppression of polar solvent B class fire shall not use chemical foam fire extinguishers;
III. application of fire extinguishing C class dry, halon fire extinguisher, carbon dioxide-type;
IV. fire extinguishing charged should use halon, carbon dioxide, dry powder-type fire extinguishers;
V. put A, B, C class fire and live fire should use ammonium phosphate powder, halon fire extinguisher type;
VI, fighting the fire-fighting D class equipment should be designed units and the local public security fire departments to resolve. ★ How to save when there is a fire?
1. ease the Save method: trapped workers more, you can first be evacuation to the floor, a relatively safe place, and then try to move to the ground.
2. transfer to save method: boot trapped from the roof to another unit of the stairs to the ground.
3, rack ladder rescue method: the use of ladders and hydraulic tools rescue trapped.
4. wire tube to save method: the use of building various outdoor or indoor pipeline can make use of rope slide implementationDrop.
5. Control Save method: use of multi-function control fire stairs of fire, evacuation from fire ladder.
6, decelerating to save method: the use of dedicated decelerating to rescue the trapped personnel to the ground.
7, lath Save method: some people are anxious to jump jump from, available coats, bedclothes, canvas, and so on, into a "safety net" rescue personnel. ★ How to escape a fire?
1. When you are in Fireworks, you first have to find a way to escape. If smoke is thick and can bend; like smoke is too strong to be lying to crawl, and cover with a wet towel to reduce tobacco toxic hazards.
2. do not run towards the downwind direction, preferably with a detour around the burning area, wind direction and ran up and down.
3, when building a fire, the fire was not large, may use the wet bedding, blankets, clothing, from the fire rushed over, such as stairs have been fire sealing immediately through the roof by another unit of stairs out of danger; if the other method is not valid, usable ropes or tear sheets, down to decline; if the time should be on the ground and throw some sleeping sofa cushion etc, in order to increase the buffering. (For low floors) ★ how to evacuate in the event of fire?
1, open fire emergency broadcast on the site of the fire, evacuation routes.
2, the organization is in the burning layer and so threatened by fire, the floor along the fire spreading in the opposite direction, to evacuate the sidewalk, safe export parts of orderly evacuation.
3. the evacuation process, you should open the window, start the natural smoke exhaust smoke control facilities, protect the safety of evacuation; if no exhaust facilities is to remind the evacuees with wet towel to cover their nose and mouth close to the ground orderly to secure export.
4. in case of emergency, you can use escape equipment to evacuate personnel. ★ How explosion-proof on the fire?
1, you should first identify the combustion area there is no possibility of an explosion.
2, fighting fires confined indoors, you should use touch a metal door handle, such as door handles very hot, never stick a door or stand in the door on the front of the fire, to prevent explosions.
3, fighting store flammable or explosive substances are containers should promptly closed valve or with water cooling containers.
4, equipped with oil containers such as expanding to oval, you may soon be explosion, fire-fighting personnel cannot stand in the oil drum connector and positive, and should strengthen the protection of the oil drum for cooling.
5, erected in liquefied petroleum gas bottle leak Burns, such as flame from Orange into silver, voice sound from "ROAR" ' "sound", that will soon be an explosion, it is timely to take vigorous measures and evacuation presences.
★ Several common beginning fire suppression methods:
1, the cream of the fire. Never use water, because water is experiencing hot oil will form the "Fryer" splashing oil fire. Fighting is to quickly cut cold dish along the side pot, the fire goes out automatically. Another method is to use the lid or can hide cream of large blocks of wet cloth covering for the cream of the fire so that the combustion of oil fire exposure to air hypoxic apnoea.
2. electrical appliances. Electrical fire, first cut off the power. In the case of cannot be powered down, never use water and foam extinguishing because water and foam are electrically conductive. Should use carbon dioxide, 1211, dry powder fire extinguishers or dry sand for fighting, but also with electrical equipment and wiring to maintain a distance of 2 meters, high-voltage equipment should also prevent stepped voltage.
3, gas tanks on fire. To use the wetting of bedding, clothing, and other concealed cover fire, and quickly close the valve. ★ Fire extinguishers to adapt and use it.
1, ammonium phosphate (ABC) dry chemical fire extinguisher suitable for solid substances, flammable and combustible liquids, gases and the beginning of the line equipment fires, but none can fire extinguishing metal combustion.
2. fire, quickly rushed to the scene of portable fire extinguishers, operators ran will open the fuse disconnect the PIN, and then hold the nozzle spray hose front-end, standing on the poop, the other will open the pressure put pressure, open fire extinguisher at the fire flame root around the fire, you should always put the pressure down, can't let go, otherwise disrupt Jet. ★ Electrical fire reasons are:
Circuit, overload, humidity, inadequately (primarily means dust is too large) caused by short circuit, overload and the heat of the fire. Common fire place: electricity-switch, wire feeder position, insurance, lighting, electrical appliances. B) as a corporate member of the fire prevention and extinguishing process should be specifically know which knowledge?
1. know the company has several fire protection system and distribution;
2. fire-fighting equipment should be aware of all kinds of placement;
3. should learn how to report a fire;
4, should learn the most basic use of fire extinguishers;
5, should learn the most basic fire-fighting methods and escape method ★ fires?
1. first alert and report on leadership of the company;
2. race against time to bring organizations fire extinguishing;
3. promptly arrange for the personnel from a security channel to a safe place to evacuate