【 Weak current college 】 building fire shutter settings problems

At present, China's urban infrastructure construction fast development, a large number of high-rise buildings and large public buildings came into being. Fire shutter as a subtle, elegant, using the convenient fire facilities, in architectural engineering design has been widely used, are engaged in fire management, the discovery of fire shutter in many universal in application. Blind set fire shutter, not only increased the cost of project, more direct impact on the building fire safety, smoke effect, reducing building safety factor. This article on this FAQ, for your reference:

1. current market fire shutter type

Fire shutter fire resistance test of two ways: first, the fire shutter in accordance with current national GB7633 the doors and shutter of fire test methods for fire resistance test, including back-fire surface temperature rise, determine the conditions of the judgment; second, the same fire resistance test conducted in accordance with GB7633, according to the standards relating to the "non-insulated protective layer of the iron curtain-free dating back fire surface temperature rise" and product standards of the steel fire shutter General technical conditions "(GB14102-93), only the margin back fire surface at a distance of radiant heat intensity and curtain surface is wearing fire to determine the shutter curtain of fire resistance. According to not include back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of non-insulated fire shutter, income data, the fire resistance than including back fire surface temperature rise for the fire resistance of insulated convicted conditional fire curtain of fire resistance for a much longer. According to the test method will fire shutter is divided into two categories, namely: General fire shutter and Super fire shutter.

Common fire shutter is divided into single-plate steel fire shutter and compound steel fire shutter. Single plate curtain surface from 1.2 ~ 1.5mm thick sheet steel Ribbon slat threaded, poor insulation, heat transfer performance for general building materials of 50 times, when affected by fire, curtain side back fire surface temperature has risen dramatically and quickly than standard specifies the maximum allowed temperature rise, so that the back fire surface near the fuel ignited and lost across the fire effect. Composite steel fire shutter curtain surface is made of two layers of thin steel clamp with intermediate layer of inorganic fiber insulation compound into sandwich slat threaded. In the heat of a large increase, but its insulation is still far from able to satisfy in the dorsal surface of the inner curtain 3h fire surface average temperature of not more than 140¡æ or curtain surface back fire surface maximum temperature is not greater than 180 °.

While Super fire shutter its shutter structure for special treatment, including back-fire surface temperature rise to determine the conditions for testing and fire resistance can meet above, can achieve 3h firewall fire resistance requirements, the type of the shutter as long as it is in the national test center according to the above two requirements for inspection of the product can be certified as compliant requirements of Super fire shutter. The current domestic market for like two-track double curtain inorganic composite fire shutter, evaporative VAP-fire shutter, inadequate storage combined fire shutter, and so are such fire shutter.

Second, the national technical specifications relating to fire protection-fire shutter requirements

In the architectural design fire protection standard (hereinafter buildings》), the senior civil building design fire protection standard (hereinafter referred to as the "regulations"), the fire shutter setting requirements mainly related terms have the following:

1. in paragraph 5.5.1 buildings》 stipulates: fire partition should be separated by a firewall, if you have difficulty, you can use fire shutter and curtain separated.

2. the regulations of law No. 5.4.4 stipulates: the setting a firewall is a difficult place, use the fire shutter for fire compartmentation separated. When using the included back fire temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire shutter, the fire resistance rating of not less than 3 hours; when using do not include back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire curtain, curtain side should be independent of the closed type of sprinkler system protection systems sprinkling duration should not be less than 3.00 hours. ”

3. the regulations of law No. 4.2.4 stipulates: "the adjacent two high-rise buildings, when the adjacent side wall higher fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours, the wall opening area equipped with class a fire door, window or fire shutter, it may be appropriate to reduce the fire separation, but should not be less than 4 m. ”

4. the resistance of the section 5.1.4: "high-rise buildings are equipped with upper and lower layers are connected through a corridor, the open stairs, escalators, conveyors, etc opening area, you should press the up and down connectivity layer as a fire retardant partition, it allows for maximum floor space and should not exceed the specifications section 5.1.1. When the upper and lower opening area is equipped with the fire resistance is greater than 3 hours of fire shutter or curtain separated facilities, such as their size may not overlap calculation. ”

5. the regulations of section 5.1.5.2 stipulates: "communicating with the Atrium Hall, channel, etc, should be set class b fire door or fire resistance is greater than 3 hours of fire curtain separated. ”

6. the doctrine of article 6.3.3.4 stipulates: "the fire door of the elevator room should be used in class b fire door, or have stagnated features fire shutter. ”

The above provisions of parts involved are fire spread only way, where you choose the fire shutter, different types of refractory fire shutter time, its fire setting requirements.

3. fire shutter design issues

1. set the exterior fire shutter. Adjoining buildings, when the adjacent side wall higher fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours, in the opening area set up on the wall of fire shutter operability is not strong. Higher buildings set fire shutter fire facilities, able to shrink the spacing is considered a high side of the building on fire, flames from the lower side of the building up and fall down, but there is a fire, usually flame are spread from the bottom up, consider adjacent lower building on fire, the higher exterior fire shutter automatically control if you do not start on time, the fire will spread to the adjacent building. As a result ofThis author believes should not be set on the exterior fire shutter.

2. the use of building internal fire shutter alternative firewall. For large commercial buildings, especially in commercial building, ground floor, the designer for the pursuit of the overall effect, thousands of square meters of building internal cancel firewall, all used fire shutter to replace the firewall for fireproofing, although fire partition area met the regulatory requirements, but the problem a lot. The doctrine of law No. 5.4.4 stipulates: the setting a firewall is a difficult place, use the fire shutter for fire compartmentation separated. Obviously, the shutter is located behind a firewall with difficulties of special treatment. Because fire shutter in the equipment of the fire performances could not reach the firewall rigid fireproofing effect. Domestic fire shutter product, although consistent with the fire resistance to determine conditions of firewall products. But fire shutter in the most important part---mechanical drive part the refractory limit 3h, this inspection standards mentioned rarely, insufficient attention. The steel fire shutter General technical conditions "(GB14102-93) refer only to fireproof roller shutter motor inspection proof, on housing and other aspects of fire safety requirements are not mentioned. In some works, generally on the box body brush steel fire retardant coating, but also failed to meet fire resistance requirements for firewall, this is the fire shutter do fire the fatal weakness when separated. At the same time, since the units on the management level of fire protection installations, unsatisfactory fire shutter maintenance is not in place. Fire, shutter cannot fall, resulting in fire partitions cannot achieve design effects. Thus, fire shutter is alternative fire partition wall in a way, but does not advocate the use of large-area, only in the establishment of local firewalls do have difficulty be taken into account.

3. fire shutter to upper and lower layers are connected through a corridor, the open stairs, escalators, conveyors, etc opening area and patio. Such establishments use fire shutter although as a vertical partition of separate measures, but because the fire curtain dropped, this class places of hollow parts are not affected by the fire threat, for non-burning layer and ignition layer has a lower level two road fire curtain barrier, such fire shutter requirements are lower than those of fire curtain, you can use the fire resistance is greater than 3.00h fire shutter (without back fire surface temperature rise to conditions). For Atrium and opening area fire shutter design designers usually have different perspectives, such as is the need to set each floor fire shutter or only in part level settings, as long as they meet the overlay not exceeding its provisions area fire compartment. The author believes should be strictly in accordance with the regulatory requirements in each floor opening area or per layer and set the Atrium common fire shutter that otherwise would undermine the independence of the internal space of the atrium and security.

4. fireproof roller shutter alternative closed smoke staircase of fire doors, partitions, and fire the elevator room door. In some of the engineering design, as a result of closed stair staircase or smoke fire doors you set, but the operators or designers that influence is artistic fire door, they are often willing to occasionally smoke in an enclosed stairs stairway safety outlet located fire shutter, fire, the shutter down to stop the spread of fires. Although the shutter has stopped, in the spring, but evacuation staircases entrance is absolutely not allowed to set fire shutter. Buildings》 and the resistance of the law, except for the fire service lift, room can be set before the fire shutter, staircase portal should not be set fire shutter should be set fire doors. In addition, in some of the engineering design, designers used fire shutter alternative staircases on both sides of the firewall. Although fire shutter on the fire resistance to fire safety requirements, but the shutter airtight, smoke effects of unsatisfactory. Coupled with the linkage facilities if not good, smoke staircase stairs or closed will be useless. Fire under the shutter lag, personnel through the side door security exit to evacuate. But people usually walking routes and fire evacuation routes is not consistent, causes the evacuation of confusion. Although there has been a "curtain doors" new technology products (fire shutter on the normally closed door for fire curtain dropped, evacuation), but the evacuation time, a time-consuming process, I personally think that should not be promoted. Fire shutter setting in the elevator room fire, such establishments of fire shutter is no longer as fire partitions separate measures, its function is equivalent to class b fire door, using ordinary fire shutter that can meet the requirements. Fire front room often equipped with elevator pressure air supply system, the system air flow design does not consider each floor fire shutter open, while the shutter is open, even when you shut down because of the linkage with the fire stop function elevator room has a large open area, it will definitely affect the elevator room fire smoke effects, while in actual use in fire shutter opening and also quite inconvenient, therefore, it is better than using shutter door effect is good.

5. fire shutter selection error. Depending on the test method will fire shutter is divided into two categories, namely: General fire shutter and Super fire shutter, ordinary fire shutter not to back fire surface temperature rise to determine the conditions, the fire resistance is not lower than 3h, can reach the fireproofing requirements; whereas special fire curtain to back fire surface temperature rise to determine the conditions, when the fire resistance is not lower than when you have 3h thermal barrier function, can meet the requirements of the fire prevention Division separated. In recent years, fire products market fire shutter manufacturers, some manufacturers offer ordinary fire shutter fire resistance up to 3h, 4h, according to data provided by manufacturers and national authorities, some designers test report is not clear fire shutter of test methods, that as long as the fire shutter fire resistance up to 3h, 4h, resulting in practical application in the normal fire shutter unsecured facilities directly instead of special fire shutter uses many of the examples.

6. fire shutter linkage control not reasonable. Fire the shutter on the partition should not be stagnant, require whereabouts immediately after the fire alarm. Features some of the designers at design time, for in firewall fire shutter in its design the temperature on both sides and smoke detectors, and design have stagnated. Cause a fire, fire partition fire curtain whereabouts cannot be promptly lost fireproofing effect. In addition, fire partition fire curtain whereabouts should be equipped with metal fusible control unit and many manufacturers products ignore thisPoints, because once the linkage control device failure, temperature fuse, fusible metal fire curtain whereabouts in a timely fashion. The actual fire case, since the fire power is not running, fire partitions shutter not electric, often the material of metal fuse, makes fire curtain whereabouts, to control the fire, and fire suppression has played a positive role.

In short, the current fire shutter types, all kinds of specification standard does not fully harmonized, the requirements for using the site, the author believes, as does not have to do with fire shutter fireproofing, should adopt a firewall do hard fireproofing.