【 Weak current College 】 transport fire safety knowledge-Power By 【 China power house network 】

Subway safety
　　
1. why a larger Metro fire hazard?
　　
(1) subway has gradually become a big city as an important means of transport, traffic, concentration, in the event of fire, it is easy to result group dead injury of serious consequences. (2) subway's own unique characteristics, once the fire easily lead to the spread of smoke and toxic. This is because subway trains in the car seat, roof and other decoration materials, most of the combustible materials that have some plastic and rubber, new material not only flammable and toxic gas combustion will produce. The fuel of the fire, because of insufficient oxygen supply, ground floor, often in a State of incomplete combustion, smog, smoke, coupled with the subway entrances, large amounts of smoke from a second entrance to gush, and ground-based air convection is slow, and the underground cave inherent "suction" effect to the spread of smoke, the portal also from of the cave was entrainment in, especially in the early stages of the fire under the fire is not very strong, this phenomenon is particularly significant. (3) subway too much space, fire alarm and automatic sprinkler, fire-fighting configuration is not perfect, and fire, underground power may automatically be dropped, ventilation and air conditioning system failure, loss of function of the ventilation exhaust. (4) large amounts of toxic smoke and darkness to evacuation and rescue work.
　　
2, in the face of the subway fire escape?
　　
(1) to have a sense of escape. Passengers entering the subway back to its internal facilities and structural layout of observation, memorize the evacuation channel security export location. (2) to the alarm time. You can use their mobile phone, you can also press the subway trains emergency alarm button. Connect the two carriages, yellow with red bottom word "alarm switch" logo, an arrow points to the location that is an emergency alarm button is located. (3) to achieve self extinguishing. After the discovery of fire, in addition to timely alerts, to find nearby fire extinguishing equipment for fire extinguishing, and strive to put the beginning fire control the minimum, and to take all possible measures to fight. Fire extinguishers located in each car two middle seat inside the vehicle doors, the fire extinguishers bearing the "above" flag. Passengers rotation handle 90 degrees, the door can remove fire extinguishers. (4) if the spread of fire-extinguishing, passengers will not be able to help themselves, this time you should protect yourself for orderly escape. The old, weak, women, young social vulnerable people to evacuate to the safety of cars. If the initial fire suppression fails, please close the door to prevent the spread of fire escape time wins. (5) escape, should take forward low posture (but not belly so as not to hinder escape time) not to breathe deeply, possible use wet clothes or towel to cover their mouth and nose, prevent smoke entering the respiratory tract. Take the self-help or aid means to evacuate to the ground, refuge, smoke, and other security areas. No line of sight, touch the walls slowly withdrawn. (6) in the escape to keep calm, do not blindly mutual crowded and chaotic channeling, to obey the command of the Metro staff and guide the evacuation. If the fire caused power failures that may, in accordance with emergency light and evacuation signs indicating the direction orderly evacuation. In the event of evacuation channels be fire blocking, you should try to think of ways to extend the survival time, waiting for the firemen to the rescue.
　　
Automotive safety
　　
3, motor vehicles are used as engine fuel can be divided into several?
　　
Can be divided into gasoline engine vehicles, diesel cars, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas fuel car.
　　
4. Auto fire cause some part of it?
　　
First, auto electric parts causing a fire. (1) wire insulation damage; installation of unreasonable and long-term friction, mechanical failure or partial high temperature lead wire insulation damage or short-term; non-corrosive insulating layer North with aging or damaged by prolonged vibration; drivers or maintenance staff free to wiring or incorrect wiring, etc. caused a short circuit or ground arcing, electric spark fire. (2) illegal operation or misuse; in maintenance, cleaning vehicles, not cut off the power, direct use of automobile gasoline cleaning up the car or car parts, metal tools touch electrical parts ignition spark ignition gasoline produced; gasoline cleaning parts, before gasoline vapor completely volatile it car, ignition ignition with steam. (3) the wiring to connect parts of the contact resistance is too large for a long time the lack of maintenance, making wiring node oxidation, loose; battery terminals with impurities, oil, bad or oxidation corrosion; moving from vibration, friction, loose and produce localized high temperature ignition gasoline and other fuel on fire. (4) Automotive Wiring insulation Burns; automotive wiring choose improper or excessive access load, the line of fire ignition long-term overloading, or insulation insulation discharge ignition oil or other fuel on fire.
　　
2. Auto-temperature part of fire. (1) fuel on fire-temperature surface contact car; motor vehicle engine, the exhaust pipe surface temperature in the 150-900 degrees Celsius, exposure to motor fuel or other combustibles are vulnerable to fire. Such as automobile oil system leakage or spillage occurred that gas oil and engine surface contact; in maintenance, inadvertently, the oil cloth can produce fuel left in the high temperature on the surface of the body; in handling flammable liquids, oil, liquid spray system faults to vehicles such as high temperature on the surface it may cause a fire. (2) friction produces high temperature ignition; as a result of automobile machinery lubrication system oil shortage or failure, in a moving speech in friction produces high temperature; brake system clearance adjustment friction produces inadequate; the car down the steep slope high braking too long causing friction heat; automobile tire inflation is insufficient or severe overloading makes gas vehicle tilt wall Flex, lead rubber tire friction heating; motor vehicles in the fuel tank falls off and the ground friction, are likely to cause the car ignition. (3) auto exhaust pipe fire; as a result of excessive lead fuel automobile exhaust pipe fire, burning fuel ignition ground, etc.
　　
3. directly to the vaporizer filling oil fire. When the car happen oil plug, in breach of anFull practice, with other containers dressed up petrol, directly to the vaporizer for oil tempering "occurs when shooting" of Mars, fire flame ignition gasoline.

IV. use of the open fire. Winter driver used torch or diesel flame ignition car engine directly baking; welding tank, thorough prior cleaning, welding torch produces a spark to the remnants of gasoline combustion and explosion.
　　
5. oil cargo Asst. cause a fire.
　　
6. the transport of hazardous chemicals cause a fire. If the transport of hazardous chemicals, which are not strictly check in advance, or, for inspection, but the packaging is not secure, breakage or leakage, no treatment; in the same compartment in each pick up easy to cause a fire, explosion, did not take effective measures of isolation; the sunlight prone to spontaneous combustion and explosion of goods, has not taken the necessary measures; the heat ignited the goods without the need of waterproof equipment; shipping dangerous goods chemical combustible, feel free to stay in the car body, factory, warehouse and densely populated areas in the vicinity and unattended, they can cause a car on fire.
　　
7. passengers throw cigarette butts, matches stalk cause a fire. Smokers often cigarette or a match has not been extinguished by throwing, if contact with flammable seat, etc. may cause a fire, or from the truck cab will not extinguish cigarettes thrown out the window, under the action of the wind into the carriage of goods, or may cause a fire.
　　
8. traffic accident, arson fire. In road passenger transport, obviously not allowed to carry passengers away from flammable, explosive hazard, but for various reasons, some stations on the passenger's baggage not strictly check, so buried under a fire hazard.
　　
5. Auto fire prevention?
　　
First, auto electric part of the fire. (1) conductor cross section, select the appropriate, not mess messy receive or casual, increased load. (2) electrical wiring to be installed, and the body-temperature surface distance too close, close to the circuit or high temperature on the surface of the parts, to unprotected or bandage temperature resistance, corrosion resistance of protective materials. (3) electrical wiring to fix firmly to prevent vibration and friction caused by damaged insulation. Electrical connection parts to keep clean, clear greasy dirt; connection points were burned or damaged to be replaced in a timely manner. (4) to regularly check the electrical switches, discovery failure to promptly replace or handling, shall remove the switch input and output end, not in direct contact with two lines of approach power launch or foil, metal wire to connect. (5) automotive engine couldn't start time, carefully checks shall forcibly start long transmission.
　　
Second, maintenance of fire protection. (1) inspection or cleaning of automobile mechanical components, you must remove the battery output off to prevent circuit damage repair electric leakage or insulation devices have touch electrical parts for electrical discharge. (2) maintenance cleaning of car body, generally may not use gasoline, may use the metal detergent or water instead of oil cleaning methods. If you must use gasoline cleaning, remove the parts get offsite on oil basin cleaning or further away from the vehicle outside cleaning. (3) in the vicinity of the tank or the disintegration of the repair of automobile engines, is strictly prohibited to use open fire lighting. Car maintenance with incandescent lighting, with protective cover, while not having lights randomly placed in the body, prevent accidentally crushed or broken lamp ignition. touch (4) when the lower frame welding cars must be on the nearby flammable or combustible adopt effective insulation measures and, in some people care conditions. Welding gas tank, you must first use the steam or detergent will have to be cleaned, confirm within safety, before moving welding. (5) bodywork repair scrubbing is complete, you want to check and prevent oil cloth or other fuel left in the body can produce high temperature on the surface, while checking the fuel tank or oil system of fastening bolt to prevent loose particles.
　　
6, how the fire in the car?
　　
(1) of the vehicle in motion, to check the tire inflation, not overloading or side-neutral, prevent tire friction heat is on fire. (2) do not use open fire in winter General for baking engine, mailbox and etc, you must use open flames baking, you should be aware of the fire, strict custody. (3) of the vehicle in motion, no direct oiling the vaporiser vaporizer, prevent or spark ignition oil tempering on fire. (4) of the vehicle in motion in the car, cab or compartments smoking personnel shall not to throw cigarette butts. The carriage of fuel, sitting in the car's handling, flight personnel, non-smoking. (5) vehicles entering storage combustibles sites, you must give the exhaust pipe and wear fire apparatus. (6) transport flammable chemical dangerous goods cars must comply with the safe management of chemical dangerous goods Ordinance. Through urban areas should be provided by public security organs where travel time and route, half-way stop arbitrarily. The transport process, the vehicle should set clear signs and wearing of fire apparatus; pavement is not usual to slow traffic, avoid dangerous goods car collision causing damage or other containers; try not to slam the brakes, prohibition of travel-independent. On the transport of inflammable liquid tank cars also take anti-static grounding measures.
　　
7, car repair, which parts prone to fire?
　　
(1) engine. Because repairs, cleaning, inspection, dredging, oil in engine and high-voltage coils, ignition devices are easy to produce a spark, several combustion conditions are necessary, such as slightly careless, vulnerable to fire. (2) fuel tank, chassis parts. In the vehicle maintenance, such as frame fire, a direct threat to the fuel tank, the fuel tank and frame are as a single entity, once hot welding and cutting, welding and cutting of heat conduction will endanger the fuel tank. (3) of the cab. In the cab, in particular some buses, small sleeping car, the car's seat cushions, curtains, carpets, and so are the fuel that is affected by fire or other sources of heat of occurrence will be gradually until the spread of the plague of smoldering.
　　
8. avoid vehicle spontaneous ways?
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Auto ignition normally circuit, circuit and car tuning parts for damage, and the new old no direct relationship. The reason why old car accident occurrence of spontaneous combustion, with many old car owners do not pay attention to maintenance. New car actually also spontaneous phenomena occur, because new car owners generally to vehicles equipped with alarm, retooling high-grade audio, improved styling, also may add air conditioning and so on, these work if not to a professional repair shop to complete, it will give spontaneous accident laid. Installers if technology limited, they won't go to analyze vehicle wiring and concrete structure, more will not be calculated for different line power to decide where to get power more reasonable. So casually throw cited wires, load large parts of non-insurance, vulnerable to friction force nor effective fixed and so on many kinds of errors repair, spontaneous accident will be inevitable. Furthermore, the auto long distance driving, load, load the engine parts in long hours non-stop operation, causing elevated temperatures, coupled with the very hot weather, engine ventilation equipment, resulting in power caused by short circuit, fire of spontaneous combustion. It is worth mentioning that the placement of the vehicle-mounted cargo incorrectly can occur if the collision, thereby creating sparks, spontaneous combustion can also cause car on fire.
　　
(1) do a daily check of motor vehicles to prevent electrical wiring failed or bad very necessary, this is the most important vehicle fire prevention. For example, to periodically check the auto line is broken, whether there is oil leakage; periodic check circuit circuit: car line in use three or four years after experiencing his gum aging, wire resistance increases and fever, prone to short-circuit the battery terminals, for example due to impurities, oil or corrosive enable contacts loose fever, ignition wire insulation; prolonged vibration or temperature influence and make drastic changes in line contact loose, etc. (2) do not easily modified car without permission. If you have to refit, should let professionals do the major alterations, such as circuit alterations or plus equipment, line source must be wrapped to prevent leakage. (3) in the road when you should be aware that the engine operation, not to pour gasoline carburetor mouth; maintenance of petrol filters without gasoline burned oil filter cores; infrequently used hanging fire method; avoid dripping oil system; avoid auto stop after a long time to open the ignition switch. (4) the car interior materials it is best to choose a fire prevention materials, in the event of fire, the fire was not easy to spread. (5) when the car parking in the vicinity of inflammable materials. Because now the production car is generally equipped with catalytic reactor, which is located in the exhaust pipes on the device temperature is very high, it is in the position of the majority of cars are relatively low. (6) do not use flammable substances such as gas lighters, air freshener, perfume, mousse, placed in cart contents easily sun light parts, do not use gasoline, diesel and other dangerous oil in the car.