【 Weak current College 】 go; building a fire extinguisher maintenance period, scrap the interrelated deadlines

The 2008 National GB50444-building fire extinguishers configuration check and check the code for preparing management group deputy team leader

The Ministry of public security fire Research Institute of science and Technology Department of Shanghai research fellow

Tang Zhu Hua 2008-10

Talkabouttherelevancyeachother＆definitevaluelogicallyofthetimelimitofmaintenanceandthetimelimitofobsoleteforeachtypeextinguishersinbuildingsTANGzhuhua（ShFRI，Shanghai200032）

Summary: this article focused, summary discusses building fire extinguisher repair conditions and maintenance period, building fire extinguishers scrap and waste time, as well as building a fire extinguisher maintenance period and end date of interrelated and logical value, and sets out the national standards for the construction of fire extinguishers configuration check and check code GB50444-2008 and industry standard fire extinguisher maintenance and scrap statute GA95-2007 specific relevance and their focus.

Keywords: construction, maintenance and repair of fire extinguishers; period; date; scrap; fire; standardization of national regulatory standards.

Table of contents

Short sequence

I. building a fire extinguisher maintenance management of the importance and necessity of

Second, building fire extinguisher repair and maintenance period

III. building a fire extinguisher of scrap and waste time

IV. building fire extinguisher maintenance period and end-term value associated with the

5. national regulatory and industry standards associated with the focus on

VI. gas cylinder-type fire extinguishers are forced out of the question

Seven, dry powder, halon closed recycling

8. fire extinguishers and the disintegration of processing and end-of-life safety

9. building a fire extinguisher updates and equivalent alternative

[Author]

Short sequence

Our production and use of fire extinguishers, in brief, available 8 to briefly summarize it, it really is a "large amount, there are everywhere."

According to the 2005 incomplete statistics, China's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, not including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, the manufacturer of total fire extinguisher is approximately 300, with an annual output of various types of fire extinguishers were about 3000 million, of which exports about $ 10 million. Therefore, in recent years, every year about 20 million with a fire extinguisher is put into use, configure the various types of industrial and civil construction of buildings and structures, as well as configuration in cars, trains, ships, aircraft and other means of transport and military equipment.

According to the 2005 incomplete statistics, China's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, not including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, there are fire extinguishers maintenance vendors about 3000, many provinces have more than 100 fire extinguisher maintenance company, little province also has dozens of fire extinguisher maintenance enterprises.

Therefore, how to manage such a large number of fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher repair businesses and manufacturers to ensure that the fire extinguisher production quality and service quality, and do a fire extinguisher maintenance and management, strengthening the day-to-day supervision and inspection and expiration are compulsory retirement, referred to the agenda.

I. building a fire extinguisher maintenance management of the importance and necessity of

It is true that such large quantities of fire extinguisher maintenance and management, that is both important and heavy. Its aim is not merely to guarantee your site configuration of fire extinguishers are always in good working condition, that is, its performance index can remain in the product scope of the standard requirements, to emergencies can play its fight since the beginning of the first line of fire of the mass of the conventional role of fire fighting equipment and power.

At the same time, there is also a very important purpose to ensure that use extinguisher mass of field personnel of their own safety, the requirements for fire extinguishers pressure resistance intensity must be qualified. This is because the fire extinguisher is both a conventional fire extinguishing equipment, you can fight the beginning a small fire; but it is a pressure vessel, if improper maintenance and management, on the use of staff has the amazing potential danger, is likely to explode the vicious assault maimed and killed.

In 1982, the Ministry of public security, Ministry of labour and other five ministries have jointly issued requesting to take measures to stop the fire wounding maimed lethal accidents continue to occur.

To the 1990s, this incident in the still is in some parts of our country.

To this end, at the national level, the Ministry of public security to 15 December 2000, to the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Public Security Bureau (Bureau) Fire Department, issued public arc [2000] No. 423 on "implementation of fire extinguishers configuration supervised units and periodically check the maintenance functions to ensure the effective beginning of fire suppression of" require all fire organization, according to urge the regional agencies, organizations, enterprises and institutions, to carry out fire safety duties and to strengthen the science of fire extinguishers in the unit selection, reasonable configuration, maintenance, strict management in a timely manner.

By the Ministry of public security chief editors of People's Republic of China industry standard building fire facilities maintenance management, are already national security review, approve, publish as industry standard GA587-2005, and since 2006-05-01.

By the Ministry of public security fire editors-in-Chief of Shanghai People's Republic of China National Institute of the building fire extinguishers configuration design code, now have national security audit, Ministry approved, published as a national standard, its number is GB50140-2005, 2005-10-01.

By the Ministry of public security fire editors-in-Chief of Shanghai People's Republic of China National Institute of the building fire extinguishers configuration check and check the code, now have national security audit, the National Ministry of housing and urban-rural approved, published as a national standard, its number is GB50444-2008, 2008-11-01.

By Jiangsu Province, Heilongjiang province, Guangdong Province Public Security Bureau, fire chief editor of People's Republic of China public security industry standard fire extinguisher maintenance and scrap Statute, now have national security review, approve, publish as industry standard GA95-2007, 2007-10-01.

Therefore, the configuration of fire extinguishers on owners, agents, or users should clear the responsibility of the maintenance of fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher specified professionals responsible for the maintenance and management.

Fire extinguisher maintenance and management is to ensure that the fire extinguisher, often in good condition and important measures to ensure that the urgent need to use fire extinguishers successful fight the beginning a small fire.

Building maintenance and management of fire extinguishers, in accordance with its features and tasks that can be classified building fire extinguisher maintenance management, including the configuration check, Visual inspection and maintenance, as well as building a fire extinguisher maintenance, scrap and updating content.

Stick to the regular maintenance of fire extinguishers and expires end-of-aim is to safeguard the architectural fire extinguisher product quality always competent and in emergency situations the use of safe, effective and timely in the fight against the beginning of the construction site, try to minimize fire fire hazards, the protection of personal and property safety.

Fire extinguisher is both a combat fighting all kinds of industrial and civil buildings since the beginning of the first line of fire of mass

Conventional fire extinguishing equipment, but also with the pressure of the pressure vessel. Therefore, to protect personal safety, not only protect the fire

The scene of the personal safety of the persons concerned, but also to protect the use of fire extinguishers fire fight the beginning (the first fire-fighting officer

Use extinguisher is the scene of most of the masses, and not entirely alarm deployed, well-trained police post

Professional fire fighters) of its own security. GB50444-2008 national specifications, but also to ensure that the use

Extinguisher mass field of their own safety, people-oriented.

Second, building fire extinguisher repair and maintenance period

GB50444-2008 national norms section 5.3.1 stipulates: the existence of obvious mechanical damage, corrosion, fire extinguishing agent release

Dew, use or maintenance conditions comply with other fire extinguisher should be timely maintenance.

That is, through monthly checking existence of mechanical damage found to fire extinguishers, serious corrosion and chemical exposure, is opened or used, or meet other conditions of the maintenance condition and scrap, even if the fire extinguisher and never used, should also be immediately sent to professional maintenance units or production enterprise, by professionals for maintenance and disposal.

More importantly, GB50444-2008 national norms section 5.3.2 stipulates: fire extinguisher maintenance period shall be consistent with the requirements of the table 5.3.2.

Table 5.3.2 fire extinguisher maintenance period

Fire extinguisher type maintenance period

Portable fire extinguishers GA GA fire extinguishers factory expires 3 years;

First maintenance after less than one year

Pusher fire extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers (storage pyramid) dry chemical fire extinguisher factory expire 5 years;

First maintenance after 2 years

Portable (gas cylinder type) dry powder fire extinguishers

Trolley (storage pyramid) dry powder fire extinguishers

Trolley (gas cylinder type) dry powder fire extinguishers

Clean gas fire extinguishers, portable clean gas fire extinguishers

Trolley type clean gas fire extinguishers

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers portable extinguishers

Trolley carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

Section 5.3.2 shall belong to the mandatory provisions, should be strictly enforced.

When the fire extinguishers from the time the factory has reached or exceeds the requirements of the table 5.3.2 maintenance period, even if the fire extinguisher and have not used previously, must-carry and hydraulic test. The first maintenance/hydrostatic test of fire extinguishers, subsequent maintenance/hydraulic test period interval should also meet the requirements of the table 5.3.2.
GB50444-2008 national norms of 5.3.2 of the fire extinguisher maintenance period to make a more specific provisions,

In two situations:

One is to not have a fire extinguisher maintenance provides maintenance for the first time the "period";

Second, on the maintenance of fire extinguishers provided for "maintenance period interval."

According to the fire extinguishers containing extinguishing agent properties and fire extinguisher cylinder pressure container level, this water-based fire extinguisher maintenance period is shorter, dry, clean gas, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher maintenance period is long, including the first maintenance period after the next, second and third maintenance period interval of "maintenance."

It is important to note that reach GB50444-2008 national norms require repair or maintenance conditions of each have a fire extinguisher in each maintenance, hydrostatic test shall be carried out. The specifications referred to in the maintenance, non-means fire extinguishers factory expires one year and subsequent annual general overhaul, but thorough, comprehensive inspection of the normal maintenance, you must include the extinguisher and compressed attachments to the hydraulic test to accurately ensure fire extinguishers pressure resistance intensity (security). Therefore, pursuant to the "first" and the "maintenance period for maintenance period interval", is also "the first hydraulic test period" and "hydraulic test period interval."
>
III. building a fire extinguisher of scrap and waste time

1, scrap types

GB50444-2008 national norms of the section 5.4.1 establishes should be end-of-fire extinguisher type.

5.4.1 the following types of fire extinguishers should be scrapped:

1 pH-type fire extinguishers;

2 chemical foam-type fire extinguishers;

3 the use of fire extinguishers; inverted

4-chloro bromomethane, carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers;

5 national policies strictly out of other types of fire extinguishers.

This section is specific to the type of fire extinguisher should be scrapped, a total of 5 categories. These types of fire extinguishers that are technologically backward, products become obsolete when its blast, fire fighting, it is possible to use staff produces mechanical injury or harm, and toxicity are part of the worldwide/international phase-out of fire extinguishers. Therefore, once the fire extinguisher monthly checking, inspection or stringent week check and found these types of fire extinguishers, even if it had not been used before, when to scrap, without maintenance.

This section is a compulsory provisions should be strictly enforced.

2. end of life criteria

GB50444-2008 national norms of article 5.4.2 bar provides fire extinguisher should be end-of-life conditions.

5.4.2 there is one of the following should scrap of fire extinguishers:

1 serious corrosion, rust cylinder size is greater than, equal to the cylinder has a total area of 1/3, surface pits;

2 cylinder is obviously a serious deformation, mechanical damage;

3 is there a crack head, and no pressure relief agencies;

4 cylinder to flat bottom, irrational structure;

5 no portable batch blast institutions;

6 no name and manufacturer, including nameplate shipped date, or a nameplate, but can not see the name of the factory or the factory date stamp cannot be identified;

7 barrel with soldering, brazing or supplement such patches marks; drop-

8 burned too.

This section is in fire extinguishers monthly checking, inspection or stringent week check, easy discovery of fire itself serious product quality problem, provided should be end-of-9. There is one of the nine kinds of fire extinguishers, when its Jet, fire fighting, not only affect fire effect, and may have to use the service. Therefore, once the inspection found the fire, even if it had not been used before, when to scrap, without maintenance.

This section is a compulsory provisions should be strictly enforced.

Term 3, scrap

GB50444-2008 national norms of the first article 5.4.3 should be end-of-use of fire extinguishers.

5.4.3 fire extinguishers factory time reaches or exceeds the requirements of the table 5.4.3 should scrap scrap period.

Table-of-life period 5.4.3 fire extinguishers

Fire extinguisher type-of-life period (years)

Portable fire extinguishers GA GA fire extinguisher 6

Pusher fire extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers (storage pressure type) 10 extinguishers

Portable (gas cylinder type) dry powder fire extinguishers

Trolley (storage pyramid) dry powder fire extinguishers

Trolley (gas cylinder type) dry powder fire extinguishers

Clean gas fire extinguishers, portable clean gas fire extinguishers

Trolley type clean gas fire extinguishers

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers hand-held extinguisher 12

Trolley carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

This section is a compulsory provisions should be strictly enforced.

Importantly, GB50444-2008 national norms section 5.4.3 stipulates that, when the fire extinguishers from the time the factory has reached or exceeds the requirements of the table-of-life period 5.4.3, even if the fire extinguisher and never used, should be scrapped.

IV. building fire extinguisher maintenance period and end-term value associated with the

GB50444-2008 national norms in 5.4.3 shall determine the duration of the fire extinguishers in scrap.

Any type of fire extinguisher service life are limited. Because of the extinguisher internal actuation extinguishing agent filled with gas pressure, therefore, will involve a certain degree of risk. Stick to the regular maintenance of fire extinguishers and expiration scrap is to guarantee the normal fire extinguishers, safe use.

Using more than scrap period of fire extinguishers, not only the fire effect, and is likely to cause injury to personnel. Therefore, as long as they meet or exceed the scrap period, even if the fire has not been used, shall be promptly scrap.

Duration of fire extinguishers and its maintenance period end is closely related to the organic Internet, and with the relationship of the logical reasoning. This article about a fire extinguisher with the end-of-life period maintenance principles echo deadline, water-based fire extinguishers have a shorter duration of scrap, dry, clean gas fire extinguishers scrap period longer, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, scrap the longest.

Welding structure, withstand voltage of fire extinguishers, water pressure test if too many times, its structure, metallography and welds, etc have a greater impact, therefore its hydraulic test cycle, the maintenance period should be shorter, hydraulic test number should be less, the total number of no more than 3 times, its duration is also should be scrapped a shorter.

Seamless steel pipe structure, the fire extinguisher cylinder pressure, the water pressure test of the total number of no more than 4 times, its duration is also should be scrapped.

Water-based fire extinguishing agents on the corrosion of the extinguisher, its more obvious to the hydraulic test cycle, the maintenance period isShort, the expiry of three years should be shipped first maintenance, after every 1 year to carry out a repair, but not more than 3 times in total. I.e.: 3 + 1 + 1 = 5, five years after the year end, GA fire extinguishers were identified for a period of 6 years end.

Dry powder fire extinguishers and clean gas fire extinguishers factory expire 5 years should be maintained for the first time, after every 2 years maintenance, but no more than 3 times in total. Namely: 5 + 2 + 2 = 9, 9 years after the end of the following year, established a dry powder fire extinguishers and clean gas fire extinguishers scrap for a period of 10 years.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher because of seamless, pressure vessel, the expiry of five years should be shipped first maintenance, after every 2 years maintenance, but not more than 4 times in total. Namely: 5 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 11, 11 years after the end of next year, it established a carbon dioxide fire extinguishers scrap for a period of 12 years.

5. national regulatory and industry standards associated with the focus on

This chapter briefly since 2008-11-01 national standard which has been in place since the construction of fire extinguishers configuration check and check code GB50444-2008 and since 2007-10-01 implemented industry standard the fire extinguisher maintenance and scrap statute GA95-association between 2007 and focused on.

GA95-2007 industry standard provides for building fire extinguisher maintenance conditions, maintenance procedures and technical requirements, but does not provide for building fire extinguishers maintenance period.

GB50444-2008 National specification provides for building fire extinguisher repair conditions and maintenance period, as well as after the first maintenance period for maintenance intervals, this in fact and in practice will ultimately limit the maximum number of building fire extinguisher maintenance (water pressure strength test) number or scrapped.

Standard specification for the ministries in charge of the management and guidance, through the establishment of national standards and industry standards group to prepare a group of multiple coordination, reached the following consensus:

GB50444-2008 national specifications section 5.4.1, 5.4.2 respectively provides for building fire extinguishers should scrap the type, conditions, as regards the maintenance of fire extinguishers and comprehensive examination of the serious quality problems, such as the hydraulic test of strength is not qualified, the cylinder or head thread damage, or water-based fire extinguisher cylinders internal coating failure, etc., but should be end-of-fire extinguisher, by GA95-2007 industry standard specifications.

With regard to the maintenance of fire extinguishers, GB50444-2008 national regulatory provisions only to the maintenance of fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher maintenance enterprises as conditions, fire extinguisher maintenance personnel's qualification, hydraulic test projects, content, and the test pressure, as well as a fire extinguisher maintenance procedures, safety procedures and technical requirements, etc., are made by GA95-2007 industry standard specifications.

VI. gas cylinder-type fire extinguishers are forced out of the question

In recent years, in some regions of China occurs multiple times because the gas cylinder mftz explosion caused casualties of malignant accident.

For example, the Chongqing municipal fire station in 1998 and 1999 second year has issued three services:

1998-09-10 to Chongqing public elimination rounds [1998] 200 man "on hold zigong fire equipment factory production MF4 and MF5, MF8 air tank-type fire extinguishers to the emergency notice";

1999-04-25 to Chongqing public elimination rounds [1999] 120, text "stop using gas cylinder mftz notification";

1999-09-27 to Chongqing public eliminating fat [1999] 270, the text "about the recent series of gas cylinder-type dry chemical fire extinguisher exploded causing personal injury accident notification";

These files require the Chongqing municipal jurisdiction ceased production, sales, maintenance and use of cylinders and fire extinguishers, the urgency and necessity of its visibility.

The Chongqing public elimination rounds [1999] No. 120 wrote: "the last two years, the city has been a spate of many portable gas cylinder dry chemical fire extinguisher exploded wounding, dead serious incidents, resulting in 3 deaths, 4 injured in serious consequences. The reason, in addition to the fire extinguisher parts exist quality problems, the use of units for fire extinguisher maintenance mismanagement, causing serious corrosion, the cylinder is occurring fire extinguisher exploded wounding incident. Gas cylinder-type fire extinguishers, because of the cylinder are normally not loaded, the use of gas cylinder in high pressure gas instantaneous release, causing a sudden pressure cylinder, at this point if the cylinder, head, capping, quality does not meet requirements, or because of corrosion caused intensity reduction cannot afford normal working pressure, it is easy to result blast injury accident.

In order to ensure the security, the Corps decided from now, in the city ceased production, sales, maintenance and use of gas bottles of dry chemical fire extinguisher. ”
Another example, Liaoning province in July 2004 and November 2005, the two causes of fire deaths and injuries caused by the explosion. To solve the current fire extinguisher use and maintenance of existing problems, improve the configuration of fire fighting equipment units, quality and efficiency, avoid a recurrence of the fire extinguisher exploded wounding incident, Liaoning Province Public Security Bureau, fire station was released in March 2006 the Liao Xiao [2006] 20 man "on strengthening the management and use of fire extinguishers maintenance company supervision and inspection work," and decided to strengthen the management and maintenance of fire extinguishers with supervision and inspection of enterprises, and increase the quality of the maintenance of fire extinguishers. Of these, also expressly emphasize that the prohibition of the use or maintenance in 1998 before the production of mobile air tank-type fire extinguishers.

Now, China's provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government has stopped the production, sales, maintenance and use of gas bottles of dry chemical fire extinguisher. So, whether GB50444-2008 national norms and GA95-2007 industry standards to make explicit provision for? pending furtherTo study and explore.

Seven, dry powder, halon closed recycling

International standard ISO11602-1-2000 selection and configuration of fire extinguishers, and international standard ISO11602-2-2000 fire extinguisher inspection and maintenance of fire extinguishers containing of halon fire extinguishing agent, for recovery are clearly defined.

Halon fire extinguisher scrapped before it must first be loaded therein of halon fire extinguishing agent for recovery through a closed device and stored in the national halon bank dedicated tank, then the provisions under the protection of the environment, or the need to place the actual demand, on halon fire extinguishing agent for destructive splitting and environmentally clean emissions, or, for suitably purified, purification and regeneration. In short, no emissions to the atmosphere, halon fire extinguishing agent to prevent damage to the ozone layer of atmosphere, in order to ensure that the human ecological environment.

To prevent other aspects of environmental pollution, in the maintenance of the extinguisher and halon fire extinguishers, etc., should all use of state-certified for recovery unit to recovery agent.

8. fire extinguishers disintegration process and scrap safety

GB50444-2008 specification section 5.1.1 provision "inspection and maintenance of fire extinguishers shall be borne by the relevant technical staff", section 5.1.4, "maintenance of fire extinguishers, scrap should be determined by a fire extinguisher production enterprise or professional maintenance units". The above requirements is called fire extinguisher maintenance units, manufacturing companies need to have the appropriate level of maintenance of the qualification, maintenance staff should be trained and certificated professionals. At present, domestic fire extinguisher maintenance market chaos, so the above provisions is that a fire extinguisher inspection, repair and scrap the formalization and standardized work towards one of the Basic Act.

Fire extinguishers scrap is a professional, dangerous work, not anyone can operate. Fire extinguishers scrap programs including pressure relief, demolition, fire extinguishing agent for recovery, in the cylinder and the disintegration of the processing on drilling, and with pressure operation, it should be entrusted with the maintenance of the qualification of units, conducted by a professional technician, you must have the necessary protective measures and security procedures to prevent accidents.

Scrapped after fire extinguishers shall be conducted in the cylinder on drilling and other destructive disintegration process, and you want to paste the "scrap" flag, the prohibition to continue to use, is strictly prohibited to be mixed with qualified fire fighting products.

9. building a fire extinguisher updates and equivalent alternative

GB50444-2008 national norms in the article the fire extinguisher 5.4.4 scrap an equivalent alternative after.

5.4.4 fire extinguishers should be scrapped, in accordance with the principle of equivalent alternative for replacement.

In order to ensure the fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher scrap does not affect the configuration of the overall fire-fighting capability, special provisions in this section

Fire extinguisher scrap, shall, in accordance with the principle of equivalent alternative update and replacement.

Equivalent alternative meanings include: new fire extinguishers species, temperature application range wait should be an integral

Fire extinguishers, fire level and configure the number of fire extinguishers shall not be lower than the former.

This section is a compulsory provisions should be strictly enforced.

That is, after the fire extinguisher scrap, must be in accordance with the principle of equivalent alternative, in the original set point position, reconfigure the fire suppression level not lower than the first wife of fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher, applicable type.

[References]

1, Shanghai Institute of the Ministry of public security fire-extinguishers of the architectural People's Republic of China national standard configuration design code GB50140-2005 Beijing: zhongguojihuachubanshe, 2005

2. the Ministry of public security fire editors-in-Chief. Shanghai Research Institute of the building fire extinguisher People's Republic of China national standard configuration check acceptance and standard "GB50444-2008 Beijing: zhongguojihuachubanshe, 2008

3. international standard ISO11602-1-2000 in the fire of the selection and configuration of the International Organization for Standardization, 2000

4. international standard ISO11602-2-2000 fire extinguisher inspection and maintenance of the International Organization for Standardization, 2000

5, Jiangsu Province, Heilongjiang province, Guangdong Province Public Security Bureau, fire station preparation. People's Republic of China public security industry standard fire extinguisher maintenance and scrap statute GA95-2007-Beijing: CEN, 2007

6, Tang Zhu Hua-China fire services standardization course calendar — 2003 fire monitor calendar and 2005 fire extinguisher calendar. Shenzhen "Asia fire on 2008-06

7. the Ministry of public security and the State in 1994 November joint publication gongtong Word 【 1994 】 094 No. 【about in non-essential places to stop and then configure the halon fire extinguishers notification 】

8. Ministry of 1999-02-01, issued by public-Word 【 1999 】 No. 031 【about phase-out of halons fixed fire extinguishing systems and halon fire extinguishers for 】

9, the Ministry of public security 2001 01 Aug published public eliminating 【 2001 】 217, Wen, 【 on further strengthening the halon substitutes and alternative technology management notification 】

10, the Ministry of 15 December 2000 release of the public with 【 2000 】 No. 423,

【About supervise unit implement fire extinguishers configuration and periodic inspection maintenance functions to ensure the effective beginning of fire suppression of 】
11, Tang Zhu Hua Editor. "architectural fire extinguishers configuration design manual. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and technology press, 1995

12, Tang Zhu hua. regarding the extinguisher level physical concepts and topics of discussion: the architecture of Shanghai machine electricalCheng on 2008-09

13, Tang Zhu Hua-version — construction of fire extinguishers configuration principles of selection of Beijing: the fire technical and product information,

2007-05

14, 2005 the national standard GB4351.1-extinguishers part 1: performance and structural requirements of Beijing:

CEN, 2005

15, 2005 the national standard GB4351.2-extinguishers part 2: portable fire extinguishers

Seamless steel bottle requirements of Beijing: CEN, 2005

16, the national standard GB/T4351.3-2005 the extinguishers, part 3: inspection rules. Beijing: CEN, 2005

17, 2005 the national standard GB8109-trolley fire extinguishers on Beijing: CEN, 2005

18, Tang Zhu Hua-version — the construction of fire extinguishers configuration design code of fire extinguishers configuration benchmarks. Tianjin: the China water supply and sewerage Act, 2006-08

19, Tang Zhu Hua Lin of the China fire protection Handbook, vol. 6, paragraph 4 article "building fire facilities, Chapter 12," building selection and configuration of fire extinguishers, P730 ~ 750, 2007-12 1st Edition 1st printing, Shanghai Science and technology press

20, Tang Zhu Hua Lin of the construction of water supply and drainage design manual, Chapter 6, "the building fire 7 the construction of fire extinguishers configuration on 2008-10 2nd Edition, first printing press in China construction

[Author]

Tang Zhu hua (1942-05 «), male, Ministry of public security fire Research Institute, Shanghai Science and Technology Department, research fellow, who GB50338-2003, 2005 and GB50140-GB50444-2008 three national norms of the management group of the Deputy group leader, nowadays mainly engaged in the revision of national standards and management, as well as national, industry fire product standards review of presentation.

Contact address, zip code, phone, Shan Nan er Rd, Shanghai, no. 601, 200032 road, 13601762111.