【 Weak current College 】 multi-storey apartment building fire water system design

Description: article on multi-storey apartment building fire water design some specification is not a clear analysis of issues and proposed solutions for designers.
Keywords: specification for multi-storey apartment building fire water
Abstract：Thisarticleanalyzedsomeproblemswhichhavenoclearstandardinthedesignofwatersupplyforextinguishingfireinmulti-storeyhybridbuildingwithshopsandresidence.Methodswhichsolvetheseproblemsareproposedfordesignersasreferences.
Keywords：standard，multi-storey，hybridbuildingwithshopsandresidence，watersupplyforextinguishingfire.
Multi-storey apartment building has two categories: one category is a layer or a layer has a commercial network of modular building; even the shop, "even the shop" mostly two, sometimes three or four layers, each set of tens of square meters to several hundred square meters, the lower part of the upper portion of the store, such as residential buildings in the marketing and use on exception flexible in suburbs and smaller cities and towns are very popular.
While these types of construction of fire water supply, fire codes do not have clear instructions, construction unit often weak fire awareness, economic efficiency and ignores the fire safety, unwilling to invest more money. Some designers understand the specification, to implement the standard errors, some leak located fire water supply; in order to evade the responsibility, through the review, and strictly implement the specification, wastage. Hunan Hengyang 8-storey apartment building fire, regardless of the building, design, or fire departments, both commercial and residential building fire problem generated a enough attention. About apartment floor indoor fire water do you need to set up, how to design, the authors talk about their own views for your reference.
1. how to distinguish between commercial service sites and commercial business?
On business services networks: the architectural design fire protection standard "GBJ16 — 87 (2001 revised edition) (hereinafter referred to as buildings》) terminology explained: construction area not exceeding 300m2 's Department store, fushidian and liangdian, post, CECA, restaurants, hair salons, small repair shops and other public service rooms. This can be inferred: single room with a construction area of more than 300m2 commercial housing is a commercial business.
2. apartment building fire extinguishing characteristics
Fire, development of the whole process is the process of heat transmission, thermal convection is the fire development in most major factors (when the fire is in a stage of development, the thermal radiation become major heat transmission form). Commercial network, between residential commercial network and modular, modular building between cells are fire compartmentation (wall), no air movement between the cells, thus early fire development conditions-thermal convection is absolute limit, the spread of fire development scope was extremely restricted, each unit as a natural integrity of fire unit, in a certain time, it effectively prevents the fire of horizontal extension (extension to other cell), so that modular building fire level are less likely to develop. Residence in a non-production, processing, there is fire hazard substances, no storage of dangerous goods, the residential portion of the fire risk is small. The possibility of fire in larger commercial outlets, for storage of large amounts of combustible material, and have more of electrical lighting equipment. Multi-storey building, not only between fire prevention unit dividing, household fire separation between also very complete, so fire, development of the disadvantaged, and fire fighting conditions better, even if the fire officers to concentrate fire extinguishing, fire destroys or limits will be in a unit or an indoor.
Third, the question whether design fire water
1, a building, a commercial network (one per household, about 30m2), second-tier merchants quarters, three-storeyed five layers, with a total volume of more than one layer, 10000m3 total volume is greater than the need to set 5000m3 fire hydrants?
According to the architectural design fire protection standard (hereinafter buildings》) section 8.4.1: these buildings should be set indoor fire water supply: more than seven storeyed, over six floors of the tower houses, residential, underlying tonglangshi with modular residential commercial network. More than five levels or volume exceeding 10000m3 teaching building and other civilian structures.
Construction unit that is the second-level business quarters, is home to the fire risk is not higher than the House. Even if the second layer also shop, two-layer can be expanded or expand the layer considerations, should be modular residential commercial network. If set, each fire hydrant, too many, of the implementation difficulties, and for non-professional firefighters, fire extinguisher, practical than fire hydrant. But designers insist: businesses are very likely to be the second layer into place, the building should be considered as comprehensive building, the fire water. The final construction unit consult local fire departments, the examination and designers the same conclusion.
2, even the shop, the second and third tier, local four-layer. A layer for cosmetic room, 4-6 metre span, 10-12 meters of depth. The above is the merchants House, total volume is greater than 10000m3. for this building is located fire hydrant, specification is not clearly stated.
Shanghai the small commercial housing fire technical regulations section 3.4.2: independent construction of total volume exceeding 5000m3 with small business room, when the following conditions, no indoor water fire suppression system: (1), construction tips neighborhood construction, each building a total volume not exceeding 5000m3 (2), separated by a firewall between the buildings, both sides of doors and Windows FirewallSpacing of not less than 2m. (3), the depth of not more than 15m. I had this issue and discuss with the local fire department, the following conclusions:
(1), for the entire building are commercial housing construction, should be equal to the store, when its volume should be set greater than 5000m3, indoor hydrant system.
(2), for one, two-tier "even shop", which is a home or Office, or with residential and office room institution has suspended, in accordance with design criteria into account, when its over five levels or volume exceeding 10000m3, should be set indoor hydrant system.
3. a commercial building, top floor spring layer, including the thermocline, a total of 7 floors, is set on fire water? the residential building design code GB50096 — 1999, 4.1.6 shall note: ③ top-level two levels a set of thermocline residential, thermocline portion excluding floors. Therefore, you can view that such a construction is not set. If the middle tier as the thermocline, accrued in layers, more than six layers must be set.　　Similarly, ten-storey residential building, top floor for the thermocline, multi-storey residential building design fire water. 4, first floor of a residence, as the bicycle library (height 2.2m), 2-10 layers for residential, 11 layer for the existing building, eaves height less than 32m, is based on tall buildings or building design fire water supply?
Reference to the recent buildings》 (approval) calculation on building floors: ground floor height does not exceed 2.2m bicycle library can not included in the architectural layers, the top level for the thermocline is not included in the architectural layers, this building belongs to the multi-storey building, buildings》 design requirements.
5, multistory floor into a a private garage, whether you need to set the fire water system? "garage, garage, parking design fire protection standard of 7.1.2 one of the following conditions may not set of garage fire water system: a fire-resistance ratings for 7.1.2.1, secondary and parking number no more than 5 car garage. So if you deposit car is greater than 5 car garage should have the fire hydrant protection, use the hydrant next to layout in the garage (garage wall hanging only set hose, gun case) or in the garage wall set indoor hydrant box. Save Cart is less than 5 car garage can be used in fire extinguishers in each configuration.

IV. how to design fire water supply issues
1. commercial network arrangement of indoor hydrant
For commercial networks indoor hydrant, practice some difficulty, most commercial outlets span is relatively small, each layout and indoor hydrant in economics has been the lack of rationality, effects from the practical point of view, may be clustered for personnel and fuel more places, as well as the need to set the two above staircases "even shop" should in each floor indoor hydrant.
For commercial network, because of the smaller rooms, such as in the second floor layout fire hydrant, rescue operations, space is limited, in the bottom part of the exterior wall or other public indoor hydrant box set, it should ensure that there are two full water pistol's reach indoor any part. Located in the bottom wall of fire hydrant, pay attention to the security freeze. Comparison of the cold in winter, fire hydrant pipeline can make dry pipe, insulation, near wells, well done valve within the valves, use open valve.
For the special small Bay, each split unit has a total area of special small "even shop" type construction, no common wall can be used to decorate an indoor hydrant, consider reasonable arrangement of several common fire hydrant or in public areas only sets out indoor hydrant for fire protection design, with concealed, but each shop equipped with enough water zone and water gun.
2, store some how the fire risers even ring?
According to the architectural design fire protection standard section 8.6.1: indoor fire water pipe, should meet the following requirement: longer than six-storey tower (except double outlet fire hydrant) and tonglangshi residential, over five floors or other mass exceeding 10000m3 architecture, such as indoor fire risers for two or two above, you should at least every two vertical tube connected to the composition of annular pipes.
For the second floor of the store building, often owners don't want the second layer of indoor installation fire main pipe, many designers will each hydrant separate connection on the first floor on fire dry pipe, dry pipe made of rings, this will not fire standpipe, thereby avoiding a standpipe into the ring.
3, residential fire hydrant floor, typically these modular buildings of six floors above the frame or brick buildings, storey 2.80-3.00m, stair-Bay 2.60-2.70m, fire box optional location only two, one is home near the door, staircase rest platform.
5. other issues
1, section 5.2.1 buildings》 civil building fire between spacing, ① two buildings adjacent to the high side of the firewall, the external wall of the fire separation is not limited. Therefore, if a building, or even a shop, bar, and a total volume of more than 10000m3, in the Middle, you can set up the firewall as 2 building (building total volume is less than 10000m3) to consider, you can not set fire water. Previously referred to the Shanghai commercial housing the small fire technical regulations 3.4.2 is one example. These are my personal views, whether or not feasible, you can consult with the local fire department.
2. the total number of storeys buildings as eight or nine layers, one or two layers at the bottom of the commercial network, upper-storeyed, such building doing fire design qualitative issues when building, as it is complex, owing to the total height exceeding 24m, its design should follow the high-level civil building design fire protection standard of design, if it is the underlying set of business service network of commercial and residential building, the fire protection design should follow the architectural design fire protection standard of design.
First of all, Interior fire water vastly. (See table below) fire hydrant water consumption (L/S) with water quantity (PCs) suppository every pistol minimum flow (L/S) in each of the standpipe minimum flow (L/S) fire water tank M3 7 ~ 9-story residential building 522.553 second class high-rise building (less than 50m) 20451012, according to the table, lay out fire hydrant, fire standpipe is quite different, the corresponding fire tube diameter, fire pump adapter number is not the same, and they enrich the water column of fire. Visible from the above comparison, due to the nature of the building, the corresponding process design in the fire when there are large differences. If it is positioned as a multi-storey apartment building, and do not meet standard requirements. If it is a second kind of high-rise building, at the bottom of the upper House and can meet the requirements for fire protection, but that can sometimes lead to excess or waste. Proposal for the revision of the provisions, you should consider this matter and suggested that the following measures:
The bottom tier 1, stores are single rooms, each household size are less than 300m3, multi-level integrated building design fire.
2, the bottom layer is a large space arcade or other public activities Hall, flammable items, you should press the second class of high-rise building fire design. Said that IMIS for multi-storey apartment building fire water design, it is necessary to strictly implement the spec, but also from the reality. The provisions of the specification does not clearly state, and local fire departments. In does not violate normative provisions, as far as possible for owners to save investment, yet because owners to accommodate it.