【 Weak current College 】 architectural design fire evacuation---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Ensure that the fire occurred in the fastest time to escape the building fire safety design of the starting point, therefore, fire evacuation design is the design of the fire. However, as the economy and the development of science and technology, building use features and layout is complicated by the diverse realities and specification of the access to the directed. The author according to the architectural expertise and years of experience in fire examination, considered in the overall building design, correct, rational and fire evacuation design should focus on mastering the following aspects.

1. a correct understanding of security export, exit concept, pay attention to the door of the life of escape.

Secure export, exit from building fire design standpoint, is the door of the life of escape, the design must ensure the safe and reliable. Fire codes on the concept of safe export clearly explained, referring to the entrances and staircases or through indoor and outdoor security zone exports. Outdoor safety area, from the perspective of evacuation safety is an outdoor terrace, cannot be regarded as a security zone. Indoor security zone is adjacent to two underground buildings fire partitions, or is the high-rise building construction area of not more than 1400 square metres and two fire partitions, where one can be used as an additional security zone. At design time, the concept of the security for export to the correct understanding, must not and usually linked to the Channel ports, mainly the following questions: first, the concept of indoor security zone in between two fire partitions, one for the other security zones are only for underground buildings adjacent to the two fire partitions and high-rise building construction area of not more than 1400 square metres of the adjacent two fire partitions, and does not extend to building fire in other circumstances. Secondly, even the underground building adjacent to the two fire partitions or high-rise building construction area of not more than 1400 square metres of the adjacent two fire protection district, adjacent to a fire door as a safety export, adjacent fire partitions must also have sufficient security evacuation conditions directly to evacuate to the ground. Fire norms on exit of concepts do not make a clear explanation, the author believes evacuation export means the exportation of the large room, the room door, etc. directly to pass to the evacuation of the aisles of exports. Open the door of the room to the other cannot be regarded as exit. As to the other room door is likely to be because the users of the lock, or to another room, due to the separated block or furniture impact cannot export to security, and so on. At design time, the design of evacuation exports should take the following issues:

(A) exit must be open to the evacuation of the aisle, any open the door of the room to the other shall be taken to exit.

(2) on the set of type room, set in a building area of no more than require, you can set an exit, evacuation distance according to relevant regulations. Set in the building area is over, the set should be set up independently within the room exit to evacuate to a sidewalk, a relatively safe area, to avoid the formation of the maze of rooms suite.

(C) direction of evacuation door opening General press room number determines that basically to a door through the number of 30 people, more than 30 persons should evacuate direction.

Second, evacuation aisle design must be simple, first floor, staircases must pass through the room.

The evacuation of the aisle, staircases is a fire escape when personnel, design of evacuation aisle can never be too complex, first floor, staircases must directly leads to the outdoor, not to wound through the fuel more space. The evacuation of the aisle, staircases at design time, you should note the following issues:

(A) the evacuation of corridors, staircases, walls, ceiling surface generally should not be used instead of combustible materials decoration, set up automatic sprinkler system and fire risk smaller places specification unless otherwise stipulated.

(2) evacuation aisle must set door and room, play a role at the fire.

(3) the export from the safety corridors 1.4 meters shall set the stage, the aisles are also advised to avoid setting time, the use of gentle slope instead.

(D) evacuation staircases at the first floor location to export directly into the open to the outside. The situation is more complex in architecture, staircases must be set in the central building, staircases should set short closed aisle or hallway pass out of the room. Closed means and other parts of a class b fire doors and other aisle or room. Never will feature sophisticated lobby, restaurants, shopping malls, as a business enlargement of closed stair or expanded front room. But also on the 4th floor of the building following a relaxation, allowing the first storey stairwells of export from external export 15 m-wide settings.

(5) evacuation staircases in addition to setting and communicating evacuation aisle fire doors, water room, kitchen and other any room doors shall open directly to the staircase. But the large room and Office area, multi-function Hall, shopping malls, considering the various factors that can directly open the staircase, but should control the large room Interior finish materials combustion level.

III. to strictly control the safe evacuation of distance.

Full evacuation distance in the specification of basic provisions are clear, but there are some special circumstances when it is difficult to grasp in the calculation. At design time, more difficult to grasp the situation of solutions and problems are as follows:

(A) t-aisle calculation exit (door) to the export of evacuation safety distances, bag-shaped part can be converted into two times the distance calculation into a two-way evacuation distance. As t-bag-shaped part of the evacuation of the distance from the walk is 5 m, distance from the bi-directional part evacuation is 10 meters, you can evaluate to 20 m distance of the bi-directional evacuation.

(Ii) the large room inside to secure export or exit distances should not be more than 30 meters. This is a straight line distance, for a fixed partition or partition, partition should be considered to be bypassed orWall distance instead of through the partition or partitions.

(3) on the set of type room evacuation distance calculations, you should calculate the farthest room at any point to a direct path to evacuate evacuation door of the aisle. Thermocline-residential indoor stairs can be horizontal bench total length of the projection size calculation.

4. evacuation of the width of the calculation is very important.

The previous design, I feel the most difficult is to evacuate the corridors and staircases, safe export evacuation width calculation, because the place figures are difficult to determine, but the links in the fire safety evacuation design is very important. When the fire broke out, the more people will be more difficult to escape, if place more than the number of rated people, the risk is even greater, plugging in the channel, safe exit death very much. Design-time, on the width of the evacuation of the statistical calculation should have the following points:

(A) no matter how tall or layer, the actual number of commercial business office can refer to the 2006 edition of the architectural design fire protection standard of commercial business calculation method to determine the number.

(Ii) ring, show the number of press office building area 1 person/㎡ calculation determined that other dance installstion 0.5/m2.

(3) Theatre, cinema, gym, etc. by total number of seats, plus the actual maximum number of staff.

(4) other statistical sites according to the actual number of maximum.

5. evacuation signs set must be reasonable, emergency lighting settings is also critical.

The design of the fire, evacuation signage design tends to be underestimated, emergency lighting illumination calculations are not understood. Particularly in decoration, ordinary design companies do not understand the importance of the two facilities and design methods, can save the province, to facilitate the easy, Jerry is shoddy work, did not realize that the two fire facilities in evacuation, play a crucial role. While fire review officers also tend to neglect this aspect of the review, this is very irresponsible. At design time, the evacuation signs and emergency lighting design should pay attention to the following questions:

(A) evacuation signs set should have the continuity, indicates that the principle should be conducted by the nearest, use bidirectional evacuation signage in order to avoid misleading, increase the distance, affecting evacuated evacuation time. Bi-directional evacuation aisle set spacing should not exceed 20 m and a bag-shaped walkways should not exceed 10 meters, corner and safe exit should be obvious location settings.

(2) evacuation signs on the wall should be lighting evacuation signage, ground use self-luminous evacuation signage, other non-emitting evacuation signage should be disabled.

(3) large room indoor evacuation signage should be set in the ground or hanging on the ceiling, because in a post or a wall settings can easily be obscured. The large room should be in the channel set on the ground of self-luminous evacuation signage, the best results.

(4) emergency lighting sets highly recommended 2.2 meters, too high will impact on the ground of illumination, too low will have an impact on the personnel, specifically set spacing, height, and other indicators calculated in accordance with the Spectrophotometric.

(5) emergency lighting, lighting evacuation signs recommended products with batteries, because such products have relatively mature, design, use more convenient.