【 Weak current College 】 underground shopping arcade fire hazards and prevention of

With social progress, in order to ease the city increasingly serious shortage of land. Thus the underground building became a major mitigation methods, underground shopping centre in the development and use of underground space in occupies an important position because of its structure, and other factors, which will inevitably result in internal if the disaster than other disasters more dangerous. In particular, where a large number of people belonging to the activities of commercial space, if there is no security protection in the event of fire, in a big way. Here's a few on the underground shopping arcade fire hazards and prevention of opinions.
(A) underground shopping arcade fire risk analysis

One is the evacuation difficult. Underground shopping arcade fire, there will be lots of people are threatened. If a fire occurs in the business, a large number of customers and managers require evacuation, rescue. Due to environmental constraints, underground store entrances, evacuation distance long, trapped workers only through qualified importers for evacuation. And in the underground shopping arcades, the amount of natural light is very small, or even no, basically using the lighting, the Interior of visibility is very poor. But in the fire, in order to prevent the spread of fire, often to cut off the power, which will soon reach forces'prime degree, this is seriously impeded the evacuation of persons. Therefore, underground shopping arcade fire, resulting in the possibility of a large number of casualties.

Second, the resulting flue gas, toxic. Underground shopping arcade fire, the combustion of oxygen is connected with the ground and its vulnerability to vent. These channel area of narrow, oxygen supply is insufficient, it is in a State of incomplete combustion, resulting in a considerable number of smoke, because the air supply is insufficient, smoldering time length, easy to produce large quantities of CO, H2S, toxic gas, while at the same time, the sealing of underground construction to row to outdoor direct threat to the internal personnel and participate in the rescue personnel security.

Third, the fire spread rapidly, the probability is high. First, power consumption, as mentioned earlier, underground store lighting and ventilation, etc. all depend on electricity, but for now the domestic market, wires, cables, electrical equipment, part of a great many are conforming products. Second, personnel, personnel flow too much too complex, but also make random fire factors increase. For example, smokers throw cigarette butts were more direct cause of the fire. Besides shopping content easy to produce a large number of minor garbage, Ming General will be faster, but those in hidden corners of garbage is often not be aware that some of the fire was caused by such waste. Third, space, fuel. Underground shopping centre is a great overall, merchandise display, plus most of the combustible decoration materials are combustible materials, in the event of fire, which spread rapidly to disaster.

Fourth, the high temperature will cause damage to buildings, affecting evacuated. Because of the underground market fuel, fire load, fire hot smoke is very difficult to discharge, internal temperature rise fast, very easy to produce "the bomb". And fuel, "bump" the greater the probability of occurrence, the shorter the time, the heat will be on building and fire damage segmenting more, resulting in the building to collapse, causing a fire spreading shortening evacuation time allowed.

Five is a fire hazard. Large underground shopping mall, lighting, ventilation, etc. all depend on electricity. The underground construction Interior wet, easy to speed up the various electrical equipment insulation ageing. Ventilation and cause the counter in the spotlight, and other local baking heat to circulate easily Cook-off.

Sixth, fire suppression is difficult to escape the difficulties. Underground shopping centre, once on fire, the fire cannot be directly observed fire location and circumstances of the specific, and only via underground buildings set out entrance, often at the risk of smoke into it, coupled with poor lighting conditions, not fast approaching fire location;

(2) the fire safety of underground shopping centre and the reasons

Today most of the underground market deficiencies, evacuation export quantity or evacuation distance, fire-fighting is not in place or lack of maintenance, building the capacity of oneselk.

I. awareness of fire safety is not strong. Without the consent of the public security fire agencies audit without alteration, improvement or change the nature of the phenomenon is also used frequently occur, coupled with the existence of such places are mostly fire compartment Super area, safe export insufficient, evacuation distance too long, fire-fighting facilities are not in place, "" three in one "and other issues, difficult to fire prevention.

Second, fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting facilities maintenance of mismanagement. Some units are too focused on economic benefits at the expense of the fire safety, according to the construction specifications set a fixed fire protection system, even if set up, in order to increase the use of area, the fire-fighting facilities occupy in rooms or shops and affect the normal use. Some units will fire after the acceptance of relaxed on fire-fighting facilities maintenance, maintenance, equipment components aging and damage cannot be detected.

III. Management on weak fire management. Although underground shopping malls are generally developed a fire safety system, but in fact many sites management is still not in place, the system useless, inadequate measures. From the survey, smoker, pull out the wire, illegal use received high-power electrical, fire-fighting facilities occupy, plug, or fire channel.

IV. fire supervision backward. In-fighting and rescue equipment, fire laws of development, but fire supervision work methods and techniques also very backward, and information technology on fire supervision has not yet been formed in the field of application of the system, fire supervision information cannot implement multiple departments resources sharing, fire risk analysis and statistical data is not perfect, check the lack of the necessary technical means and equipment. Fire inspection results can only give a qualitative conclusions, lack of effective fire protection law enforcement pursuant to quantify. The original technology of fire supervision work and society has had a gap between the actual requirements. For example: underground shopping centre, natural lighting, therefore a large number of electrical appliances in use, because of the underground construction Interior wet, easy to speed up the various electrical equipment insulation of aging, but fire oversight bodies inChecks, the lack of technical equipment, not on electrical circuits effective testing, resulting in fire prevention by proactively into passive.

(Iii) prevention of fires in underground shopping center

For underground commercial space for special environmental conditions for the fire protection design, the first is focused on preventative and does not make the disaster occurred. Followed by the disaster and disaster for effective control. Therefore, a large underground commercial space of fire should do the following: to prevent the occurrence of fire; the fire, police and alerts; ensure that all staff in the spread of fire and smoke flow diffusion before orderly evacuation, withdrawal of underground space; the fastest fight fire, put the material losses reduced to a minimum.

I. safe evacuation. Underground shopping arcade, personnel are crowded, the event fires, the danger is great, the underground market structure is very special, generally do not have to open the doors and Windows, you cannot effectively exclude smoke, in addition, exit, causing the evacuation of difficulties. Therefore, underground shopping centre evacuation is a grave situation must be high priority. First of all they should strictly control the security for export and evacuation channels of construction and decoration design. Flame, smoke and high temperature is underground shopping arcade fire threatening the security of the three elements. Second, combined with the characteristics of underground shopping mall, for evacuation road pass its repair material combustibility rank should be A level. Once again to set the navigability facilities and emergency lighting.

Second, the design of the smoke. Local fire resistance, shopping centres, a large amount of toxic fumes in the limited space spread indiscriminately, extremely easy to cause a lot of death, therefore, on the underground shopping centre of smoke control system design is more important.

3. strict partition. In order to prevent fire spreading underground shopping mall, reducing fire losses, fire suppression, underground shopping center should be reasonably set fire zones and smoke partition.

IV. internal decoration design difficult ranhua. Prevent fire is fire safety, the first thing to do, to this end, in the underground store interior design should be possible to require difficult ranhua interior use nonflammable material, is strictly prohibited the use of combustible materials. Therefore, in underground construction interior trim design, you should strictly follow the implementation of the construction interior trim design fire protection standard, the good material.

5. ensure that building fire resistance rating. Underground shopping arcade fire resistance ratings and various parts of the fire resistance of building elements should meet the requirements of level ground building fire classification standard, in the fire to maintain the stability of the structure, to prevent fire caused serious deformation and structure, to prevent the spread of fire. In particular the martensii fire resistance of building elements indicators should be met specifications.

6. set automatic fire alarm installations. In order to fire can do early detection, early warning, timely fighting to reduce State and people's lives and property damage, protect the safety of underground engineering. According to the underground shopping centre space big architectural features, using the control center and alarm device, it will not only on large, multiple-zone fire alarm monitoring and control, while also automatically starts the fire broadcasting, while also automatically starts the fire radio, fire lighting and a variety of separate components and automatic fire-extinguishing equipment.

Only by continuously exploring the various methods of disposal of accident in order to progress to improve force fighting to ensure that the fire-fighting and rescue as the center of all work smoothly, as the party's "17" was held to create a good fire safety environment, in order to make more socialism.