【 Weak current College 】 on fixed fire-fighting facilities at fighting high application building fire-Power By 【 China power house network 】

1 skyscraper fire Scout
The architectural features of high-rise buildings and fire characteristics determine the scene reconnaissance of difficulty, make the scene reconnaissance, except as described in the information, you should use methods in the following ways: first, the use of high-rise building fire alarm system to detect fire range and the direction of the development and spread of fire. The fire Commander arrived at the fire of high-rise buildings, with the exception of the sent reconnaissance officer for reconnaissance, to immediately go into building fire control room (fire control centre), through the fire control centre on-duty staff understand what parts of the first alarm fire detector, other fire detectors and alarm sequence, to basic determine first fire of parts and the direction of fire spread. Second, through the fire control room personnel about the automatic sprinkler system flow indicator of alarm situation, determine the fire's specific floors or concrete fire partitions. Third, through automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler systems and reconnaissance staff comprehensive analysis of the surveillance results, determine their scope. In a real fire, often automatic fire alarm and sprinkler system provides the fire situation than sent reconnaissance officer reconnaissance of quickly and accurately, so that you can deploy under this situation.

2 high-rise buildings fire evacuation and rescue of human life

Due to the high-rise building in more, therefore, in the scene reconnaissance while timely evacuation and rescue of human life.

2.1 stable personnel orders evacuation order by emotion. High-rise buildings are equipped with fire broadcasting in General.

The fire commander to fire control rooms, through fire broadcasting system in the evacuation of the fire, the fire with a layer and a layer of personnel under fire while other floor staff informed, and stability of people's emotions, preventing the same throughout the building, causing the evacuation of the evacuation channel blocking. Because in the high-rise building fire radio system design, the design staff in accordance with State regulations by taking on any one of three layers (i.e. the hypothetical fires layer, a fire and fire the next tier) for broadcast and on the whole building at the broadcast requirements for fire radio system design.

2.2 start positive pressure air supply system and exhaust system. High-rise building construction characteristics determine the evacuation through the staircases of vertical evacuation, designers according to the construction of floors and using nature setting a closed stair staircase or smoke, make personnel entered the stairs after reaching relatively safe zone, therefore, on a positive pressure air supply system and exhaust system of stairwells should fire control rooms start positive-pressure blowers and exhaust blower to ensure stairway smoke does not exist. But the author in the daily fire supervision, there are many buildings (70%) used to closed smoke stairs or closed staircase of fire doors in the open position, if the fire does not adopt measures, it is easy to result the casualties of the smoke to quickly fill the evacuation channel — — the staircase, the Commander arrived at the scene, should promptly sent staff to wear air ventilator through fire drill check the elevator or stairs staircase on fire doors are in the off State, paying particular attention to the upper layer in the layers of fire in the stairwell of the fire doors are in the off State, on the open fire doors should be closed to ensure positive pressure air supply system and exhaust system fully play its role in the evacuation.

2.3 opened window. Some high-rise construction, under the national norms require no installation positive pressure air supply system and exhaust system. For this type of building, the fire commander should promptly send combatants wear air respirator through fire elevator or stairs to fire layer by layer up to the next level, open staircases, front room, corridor and other places within the exterior Windows and, if necessary, hand axe will smash the window glass, to exclude the flue gas, the evacuation. On the open or break the staircase, the former Office of window glass and shut down the staircase and vestibule of the order of fire door, should take before and after the first closing of fire doors and then open the order of the window.

3 skyscraper fire fighting attack routes should be taken to the "fire elevator, stair-shop" offensive line. Fire service lift is to fire for firefighters arrived on the scene of the fire extinguishing fires and for delivery of fire fighting equipment for firefighters, therefore, the choice of attack routes should be preferred, the advantages of fire elevator: first, you can save firefighters strength, fire play a greater role in; the second is to avoid attacks by staircases and the evacuation of the personnel of "car crash" phenomenon because fire firefighters rushed up, and the need to evacuate personnel to run down the stairs, if adopted, will forfeiting the fire fighters. When using fire elevator must note: fire services lifts stop ladder position, must be confirmed by fire Scout fires layer the following three layers stopped escalator. Then walking through a staircase into the fire. Because the author in the daily fire supervision, many of the elevator room fire fire doors or fire shutter is open, if firefighters take fire elevator directly into the fire, once the elevator room fire fire doors or fire shutter is open, will be a direct threat to the personal safety of firefighters. If fire lift due to failure or other reasons can not be used, then the attack only by stairs.

4 interception of fire

4.1 level interception fire current high-rise building its top part (that is, a senior principal) generally to each layer as a fire retardant partition design, while the podium portion of the general classification in each of several fire partitions. Therefore, the level of the interception of the fire is relative in the same floor is equipped with several fire partitions of the building, the level of intercepting the fire must seize a focus on three areas, namely: to fire partitions as the focus for maximum security, in accordance with the first control, after fire "principle, the fire under control in a fire zones, and then destroyed. The first link, clear, Division of fire prevention Division of the firewall, and then deploy the fire power, check the firewall are intact. Some units in their day-to-day work because of functional needs, without permission in the firewall hole or addition to the normal Windows and doors, if not carefully checked often fire will break through the spread of fire partitions and extended.The second link, for fire shutter or separated controlled fire doors, fire partitions to fire control room control or field manually close it. The third link, in fire control room will wind through the firewall in the fire damper is closed to prevent the fire through the windpipe and spread fire compartment breakthrough.

4.2 vertical curb fires its focus is on fire-upper and lower layer cable wells, pipelines, well, well-rubbish, etc. to prevent the fire from the spread of the three parts of the body, in addition to fire on a layer in the layers window, in order to prevent the spread of fire through the window to expand. 5 skyscraper fire fighting water supply measures in

5.1 start water supply equipment supply. Water is fighting the main high-rise building fire extinguishing agent, project designers in the design of high-rise buildings are set by national norms fixed fire extinguishing systems.

5.1.1 using automatic sprinkler fire-fighting water supply system. The majority of high-rise buildings are equipped with sprinkler systems, when the Commander arrived after the fire, be aware of the automatic sprinkler system work, if you arrived at the scene of automatic sprinkler systems have actions, the fire-flow indicators have alarm, based on this point, you can determine the fire layer may be represented by combatants wear empty call for rapid ascent to the elevator by fire, fire detection, decide whether to adopt the fire hydrant system. If the building has been installed with an automatic sprinkler system, but no action, the Commander shall arrange combatants use of fixed fire-extinguishing, fire hydrant system and arranging high-level architectural units of technical personnel to rapidly identify the sprinkler system has no cause of action, and timely. Automatic sprinkler system not actions cause and solution: ① other components in the system properly, just fire-water distribution and water dry pipe valve closes between, you can now open the valve. Its manifestations, wet alarm valve pressure gauges are displayed after and meet the design values, while flow indicator and hydraulic alarm not reported, pressures switches do not alarm. ② pump operation after the pump outlet pressure rise at the pressure gauge and flow meter, water alarm and pressure switch not alarm, to check the fire layer of water distribution and water dry pipe valve between the wet alarm valve, the valve is closed, to close the open. ③ pumps cannot be started, at this point, you can only use pump adapter uses of fire water supply.

5.1.2 startup fixed water hydrant system. Firefighters arrived after gun positions, promptly at the hydrant water gun, hose connection with fire hydrant, turn on fire hydrant. In General, the number of design indoor hydrant can meet the needs of the fire, when the pressure is low you can crack the installation in the fire box Start button within the fire hydrant, at this point, the pump can work, if you already have crashed, and the fire hydrant start button increased the water pressure is not, you should notify fire control room or pump room, allow it to start the fire pump to fixed fire hydrant system pressure to ensure that fire fighting water and water pressure. When you open water gun positions after the fixed fire hydrant was started without water or fire, and water does not rise, you may receive the following two conditions: one is on the vertical tube indoor hydrant valve is not normally open State, at this point, you can simply open the valve; the second is the fire pump damage or fire pump outlet valve does not open, if you open fire pump outlet valves description system is functioning normally supply, if you still cannot normally supply, the water pump damage should be used in engines with pump adapter to the fixed water hydrant system.

5.2 use pump adapter supply due to the number of layers of high-rise buildings are higher when indoor fire pump (sprinkler system pump and water pump indoor hydrant system) does not work, use the vertical laying hose or auxiliary located along the stairs, not only water supply with water is slow and poor water effect, therefore, must use the pump adapter supply to meet the high-rise building fire suppression requires, under what circumstances use pump adapter, previously stated. Use of pump adapter supply should be reasonably sure fire engine outlet pressure in order to achieve the desired results, the authors calculate list and pointed out that when you use a list of problems needing attention (see 2002 23 April the fire-fighting and rescue communications · thesis research special issue on the use of pump adapter to the fire service, fire engine outlet flow and pressure estimation on table 3 and table 4), for colleagues in fire fighting.

5.3 exception cases of water supply measures due to the high-rise building at design time in the form of the fire service, fire suppression, should be tailored for different supply forms take different measures of water supply.

6 fire communications in high-rise building fire fighting, fire forces in addition to the conventional communication tool, you can take the following two ways: first, the use of fire control indoor fire broadcasting system command fire suppression. Commanders can fire control indoor use fire broadcasting system command fighters fire-fighting operations, the timely publication of the order, at the headquarters and remind the combatants in fire fighting for attention. Second, the use of intercom call. The design and construction of high-rise buildings, are required to install the various floors and pump room, fire control rooms and other places of intercom phone jack, combatants can carry telephone, depending on the circumstances, will the phone plugged into the phone jack and the relevant parts of the staff for a call, to protect the information flow.

7 on-off due to the high-rise building of a nature to the particularities of the high-rise building supply, in non-high building fire fighting, the fire brigade arrived at the scene after the first cut off the power, it is thick. But in high-rise building fires, shall at the same time the whole building power cut off, some might say, cut off the entire building of non-fire power is possible because the fire electricity are double-circuit power supply and can automatically switch, and is equipped with emergency lighting does not affect the evacuation. My point is, not at the same time the whole building's power down, on the ground, first, at the same time cut off the entire building of non-fire power, easily lead to the building of panic and confusion that causes a staff at staircases (now non-fire lift power are also cut off) to evacuate, causing loss of life. Second, because of fire lighting and evacuation meansIn light of the failure, and other reasons, impeded the evacuation channel. For power failure can take hierarchical or several layers at the same time, power, and fire-distant floor can power, such power can be achieved in high-rise buildings.

8 note issue

8.1 fire command can be set to the headquarters, branch and frontier command group. Headquarters should be set on fire building of external comparison, partial void yishe in fire control indoor, frontier command group should be set at the second floor of the fire under the floor.

8.2 fire commanders should use Highrise unit leadership, device management and fire monitoring bodies in the examination staff, supervisors of firefighters expertise, command fire fighting.

8.3 when using a car in fire fighting, you should be aware of a car parking place, the load-bearing surface, because this site has set up large amounts of waste, the pipeline trench and the inspection well, somewhat lax will result in adverse consequences.

8.4 high-rise buildings, some parts may not water fight, these sites typically computer room, precision instrument housing and other valuables. In engineering design and construction, are required to set up a halon fire extinguishing system or carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system. These parts of a fire, the fire extinguishing system in General will automatically start the fire. Fire Brigade arrived at the scene, if no action fire-fighting system, the Commander shall be immediately sent onsite implementation manual fire extinguishing. If you do not understand the fire extinguishing system, should inform the professionals concerned.