【 Weak current College 】 flammable or explosive chemicals transport fire-Power By 【 China power house network 】

Flammable or explosive chemicals transport road, rail, water, air and pipeline five.
The first section of flammable or explosive chemicals transportation main cause of the fire
I. handling violations practice or packaging not qualified;
2. vehicle technical conditions;
Third, shunting skating violation;
4. driving violations;
5. loading isolation does not comply with the requirements;
6. fire method error.
The second section of flammable or explosive chemicals transport fire technical conditions
1. road transport tool of fire conditions
Road transport flammable or explosive chemicals tool mainly automobiles. Automobile and truck and special vehicles. Special vehicle mainly in tank cars, tanks, reefer container car and long-haul LTL truck, etc. Tractors are not allowed to transport of dangerous goods in General, but the risk is small, flat road, the road is relatively short, and transportation volume more hours allowed. Regardless of the means of transport, must conform to flammable and explosive chemicals transportation technical conditions and requirements shall be the carrier.
1. ordinary trucks
General Motors truck transport flammable or explosive chemicals, its mechanical parts must be in good technical condition, especially in the direction of braking, handling, directional, must absolutely good. When the shipment is inflammable, not allowed to use the trailer, the cargo carriages there should not be exposed nails, and other easy lighting sparks of objects, the engine's exhaust pipe should be put on Mars is off, to prevent fire cause a fire.
Shipment of oil tanker inflammable liquid using a simple spark arrester, generally installed in the engine to the car at the front of the exhaust pipe, to further reduce oil vapor and Mars contact opportunities.
Spark arrester in use after a certain period of time, you should repair and maintenance, especially in Mars is off the screen is easier to damage and corrosion and should be repaired, so are kept in good condition.
In addition, the vehicle should be equipped with the necessary fire-fighting equipment, fire extinguishers should be based on the type of transport flammable or explosive chemicals in nature, generally use dry chemical fire extinguisher, and not less than two.
2. LPG tank cars
LPG truck based on the use of different, can be divided into transport tanks and distribution tanks. Transport tank car mainly for the transport of LPG distribution station, car unloading pump are generally, but you can also supply their own LPG direct unloading pump large users, to reduce the bad work; distribution tank car is equipped with discharge pump, tank capacity of smaller, suitable for direct supply to a separate storage tank or cylinder users.
Because of the LPG car tanks on the tank, pressure vessel belongs must meet the relevant requirements for pressure vessels and labor personnel Act of LPG truck safety management regulations ". Tank car tank design pressure subject should consider maximum operating temperatures of pressure, you should also consider the maximum working pressure.
Tanks of tank should be set safety valve, flow valves, and other safety devices. Relief valve should be a built-in type, installation height exposed external tank should not exceed 150 mm, and should be protected.
Some tank cars in the tank are equipped with anti wave plate to reduce vehicle during transport due to electrostatic liquid turbulence resulting, in tanks equipped with discharge pump, pump the transmission mechanism and the spindle motor, pump driven by the engine. In valves with pressure gauge inside, the thermometer and the liquid pipe and gas pipe and valve. Liquid pipe and gas pipe exports, emergency shut-off valve should be installed.
In order to prevent collisions, the rear of the truck should be equipped with a frame and tank not contiguous buffer unit (rear bumper), out of the tank back-end of horizontal distance shall be not less than 100 mm, the width of the rear bumper, slightly smaller than the width of the whole car, but shall not be less than the diameter of the tank. Tanker anti-static grounding chain used, top and storage tanks and pipe connections, free drop bottom contact with the ground. Truck explosion-proof type should be used on electric appliance, and should have at least two 5KG above dry chemical fire extinguisher, or 1211 fire extinguishers 4KG above.
LPG truck tank surface should be coated silver-gray. Along the tank level together with the center line around brushing a width of not less than 150 mm red ribbons, tank on either side of the central part (here Ribbon blank not painted) red spray write the words "non-pyrotechnic", x-height is not greater than 200 mm. Tank cars remaining bare parts of paint should be: safety valve-red; gas pipe-red; valve — silver-gray; liquid pipe — silver-grey; the other is not limited.
On tank cars on a variety of security devices and accessories, including built-in spring all opening type relief valve, pressure gauges, level meter, thermometer, overflow valve, emergency shut-off valve, fitting, pump, manhole, road tube, all kinds of valves, grounding chain and fire extinguishers, etc., you must always check to see if its performance, there is no leakage or damage, etc. On the pressure gauge at least every six months validation once, on the handling of oil resistant hose every six months for at least one pressure test, the test pressure shall be not less than the tank design pressure of 1.5 times.
Periodic inspection of the tank cars, including tank and various accessories for inspection and maintenance. Car chassis and vehicles section, road transport sector of the relevant regulations, annual and regular testing conducted on an annual basis, comprehensive periodical survey once every five years, the annual inspection as a serious defects are found, you should conduct a comprehensive inspection in advance.
3. tank car
Tank car is bulk oil products transportation of special tools, small oil or impassable areas of the train mostly using this tool. Tank car of relatively simple, tank consists of 3 mm thick steel plate. Volume of oil port in the front tank and lead foot barrel through tank bottom; man hole located at the Central tank bottom tank with drainage valve, exhaust valve and equipped with escalators. Modern oil tank cars often have a set of heat insulation, heating and the use of inert gas protection of security equipment. To ensure fire safety, tank car should meet the following technical conditions:
1. inner of tank should be fitted with anti wave plates to reduce the oil in the shocks while driving. Anti wave plate with holes should be and galvanized, anti wave plateThe number of not less than two, the tank can be separated into three communicating rooms, to eliminate static electricity accumulation tank.
2. tank should have a safety valve in the upper part to prevent sun exposure caused by tank pressure caused rupture.
3. in order to prevent the accumulation of static electricity, the car should have a static grounding line of line string for daochu electrostatic;
4. to ensure that the extinguishing of the emergency use, the tank must be equipped with a certain number of dry powder fire extinguishers, and not less than two.
5. the delivery of oil products particularly low flash point, should be inert gas protection.
Section III, flammable or explosive chemicals handling site
First, flammable or explosive chemicals railway handling line
Flammable or explosive chemicals rail loading and unloading operations, is specialized in the construction of the railway side (only lanes). It is by the use of units, commissioned the construction of the railway sector design and management. Engaged in fire management personnel should be aware that further implementation of the fire.
(A) flammable or explosive chemicals General railway handling line
Railway cargo handling line including factory outside line and handling line in two parts.
1. factory outside line
According to the size of the railway freight volume, factory outside line can be divided into three grades of its heavy car direction maximum freight traffic (thousand tons/year), respectively, Ⅰ Ⅱ-more than 400; 150 ~ 400 level; the following class 150.
Factory outside line length depends on the connection point and the warehouse of distance and terrain, generally not more than 3 ~ 5km.
2. cargo handling line
Flammable or explosive chemicals railway handling line should be as flat and straight segments to prevent wheel friction. When is a straight line segment are in difficulties, can be set in the corner radius of not less than 500 metres of the segment, but its longitudinal slope should be equal to zero. Railway siding should not be passed through the factory district, residential area, and should avoid the flow of people and goods in large intersection. When loading and unloading railway line to the end of the line, in the end should extend out from handling stack is not less than 20 meters of the safety distance for evacuation in the event of an accident. Handling line minimum headroom since rail top side should not be less than 5.5 m. Stack table should be non-burning material construction, stack table ends and Central should every 60 m set safety ladders and lightning equipment should be provided.
In the loading and unloading, locomotive distance away from the loading platform shall not be less than 20 meters. Parking in the stack table pad, when the application is not available on the brakes so as not to make sparks.
(Ii) LPG railway siding
LPG railway siding, should be designed to make side-line, the gradient is not greater than 0.003. In addition to unloading straight segments should have not less than 20 m of line ends, its end should have a car.
Railway siding lengths should be based on the size of the receiving station, rail car configuration number and a number of factors such as unloading section. When an inbound number equal to or less than 4 section, you can set one. When an inbound number more than 4 section you set double line for shunting. Set double line when the two lines of the center distance should not be less than 6 metres.
Railway handling center line from tank should have a fire separation, and not less than 35 m. In tank 35 m outside of the railway line, the candidates have to agree about the railway administration, set location tags for locomotive parking. In the railway siding in the beginning should be insulated pad, to prevent railroad on the stray currents, especially on current electric railway into the siding, the impact of loading and unloading.
(3) oil railway handling line
In order to facilitate the implementation of custom stream handling, loading and unloading operations of the railway line laying in the depot of the lowest or highest point, the lines should be zero slope of line segment. If terrain limitations had to adopt varying road, the radius of curvature shall not be less than 600 m. Job line should maintain strict standards to prevent train handling when sliding caused the accident.
Railway switch operating line number of the unit, mainly depends on railway tank car for a maximum loading capacity and terrain conditions. For sending and receiving frequent oil varieties class more oil, should set the three lines.
In order to fire safety, light gas oil Lube job line and the line should be between 10-15 meters of the fire separation, loading platform edge and the adjacent railway centre line spacing should be 1.75 m platform floor elevation than the rail top 1.1 meters for easy loading and unloading. This three-unit operating line arrangement, avoiding light oil and heavy fuel oil, lubricating oil and receive job interfere with fire hazards, the ease of operation, contribute to fire safety but footprint, investment is relatively large.
For operating oil comparison of a single oil and other medium and small-scale oil depot, standing two lines or single unit operating line. At this point, the light oil in bulk, viscous oil in bulk and drum lines, segments, adjacent to the two lines, and be at least 20 m safety buffer segment. Taking into account the number of low viscosity oil handling, every job time long and light the fire risk, in order to facilitate the tank car or elicitation of traction, light lines should be placed in front of the railway Cha DAO, viscous oil job line on the side of the tail.
Single or double assignment line fault is light, viscous oil handling work interfere with each other, shunting inconvenience, especially barrel oil covered wagons or heavy oil tank cars when the fire broke out in a timely manner not detrimental to the fire safety. In particular, a single unit operating line, these shortcomings are particularly significant. So only very small oil storage capacity or as a result of topographical constraints cannot be set to three unit or two job line is a single unit operating line.
Whether single, double or triple-share handling lines, and other facility or building should have a fire separation. Requirements for loading and unloading operations at the end of the line terminal parking to car retaining distance should not be less than 20 m lines to the engine oil depot and adjacent walking segments other railway centerline distance shall be not less than 20 m to other road (except fire road) of distance shall be not less than 10 meters. Handling line of-oil depot fence railway gate edge spacing should not be less than 3.2 m, no report of Rob shunting, should not be less than 2.44 m, to the handling of oil products in the warehouse door edge should not be less than 2 m.
In order to prevent static and external stray current import library in fire, job line and external lines should be insulated. In the rail junctionFish tail plate in a layer of insulating materials such as asbestos mat, and to take measures, ground tracks per 100 m of the ground. Especially when the rail loading and unloading of oil product lines and driving electric locomotive railway line, into the library before you set the rail insulation joints. To compare small oil library, it can also select the railway line and small station rail, but just the oil tank outlet must use of asbestos is, covering safety measures.
Rail loading and unloading of oil equipment and armor, CPI oil tank 15 meters above the fire separation, and yet for oil storage tanks should be not less than 12 metres of fire separation. If oil tank capacity greater than 1000 m3, its corresponding fire separation should also be increased.
In the rail loading and unloading operation area should be Hok group number configured a certain number of simple, convenient and accessible emergency fire-fighting equipment. General configuration per group Hok, asbestos was two 8KG dry chemical fire extinguisher or two 10L foam fire extinguishers; five group following the configuration of Hok 100L push foam extinguisher or 65KG push two fire extinguishers; five groups above configuration 100L push foam extinguisher or 65KG dry chemical fire extinguisher 3 units, and set the fire hydrant and supporting foam hook shot, pipette, foam liquid barrels and hose, etc.
Second, flammable or explosive chemicals rail loading and unloading goods yard
Carrier, flammable or explosive chemicals station should set the flammable or explosive chemicals dedicated freight yard, transit warehouse, handling circuit and ensure the safe loading and unloading facilities. Flammable or explosive chemicals yard to separate goods with other goods, in the overall layout, must be flammable or explosive chemicals yard is located in the suburbs of the city. In flammable or explosive chemicals yard, flammable liquid should set up specialized location and stack stack.
In flammable or explosive chemicals yard should also set the specialized store flammable or explosive chemicals transit warehouse. Warehouse footprint and firewall cubicle area than other warehouse area doubled, but the fire resistance should not be less than the second. The Treasury around 50 m from any open flame is strictly prohibited. Yard must be from train stop fire water and fire trucks channel. Fire channel seeks short, Czech Republic, should be avoided and the railway crossing, such as the need to cross, you should set the alternate lane, and the spacing between the two lanes of traffic should not be less than the length of a train.
Fire water tank, fire hydrant furthest away from the Treasury or yard distance should not be greater than 150 m. In addition, each flammable or explosive chemicals warehouse or yard should set out the initial fire-fighting equipment.
The fourth section of flammable or explosive chemicals handling method
A, liquefied petroleum gas handling method
Since the State of liquefied petroleum gases and other flammable or explosive chemicals, so handling methods also have special requirements.
1. use of compressor handling
This common way of working, is the compressor spare tank of gas and liquefied petroleum gas, pressure in tank cars to release fluid, the pressure inside the tank, tank pressure inside the tank, resulting in rising and tank between certain pressure difference, this tank car of liquefied petroleum gas will take this pressure was sent to the tank.
2. the pump working
Pump working in tank cars and tanks for liquid petroleum gas between pipes, installing hydrocarbon pumps for liquid petroleum gas handling.
3. heating handling
Heated decking is the use of containers between the vapour pressure difference for loading and unloading. The use of LPG heating Gasifier pressure significantly higher characteristics, used as liquid petroleum gas.
4. static pressure difference handling
Static pressure differential handling is the use of LPG tanks and tank pressure difference between to unload.
5. compressed gas pressure handling
Compressed gas pressure handling is compressed gas to the required working fluid tank cars to increase its pressure on liquefied petroleum gas injection into storage tanks.
Second, the tank car loading method
(A), the tank car of filling method, pumping and artesian filling. Due to the tanker capacity is small, filling continuity is not strong, so should, as far as possible, using gravity filling, in mountainous terrain, to use appropriate for artesian jobs, because in this way, not only to fire safety, but also economic.
(2), the tank car unloading method
The tank car, tank unloading is fire risk considerably. Unloading of methods, most is the use of tank cars and a high of underground oil tank, open the unloading from the stream, a small number of oil pump with oil tanker unloading. Whatever way the unloading, there will be a lot of oil vapour from the oil tank outlet, content into the oil mouth and blow-off pipes and other places to escape. These oil vapor easily with air to form an explosive mixture, meet fire will fire or explosion, while unloading process also prone to static electricity. Therefore the unloading must be strict operating rules.
1. the operator shall acquire the status of the operation of technical and fire safety requirements, careful operation, to prevent oil leakage, spills and spills.
2. tank car exhaust pipe should install Mars arrester. In the unloading time engine flameout, leiyutian stop should be the unloading.
3. tank car at unloading, other vehicles entering and leaving, stop fueling, and there are specialist care, avoid pedestrian near. Measurement of fuel oil to discharge out 30 minutes later to prevent logging of oil and oil level gauge, electrostatic discharge oil tank.
4. in the unloading to check before you save fuel oil tank to prevent the dumping of oil at the roof off oil. Unloading is strictly controlled velocity, in oil not submerged into the mouth, oil well tubing velocity should be controlled at 0.7 ~ 1m/s to prevent static electricity.
5. in the discharge of oil, the oil should be stretched to outlying tank bottom not greater than 300 mm, to prevent the spillage of oil is produced.
Tank car, must maintain effective length of grounding cable chains. In handling oil before, they have to connect the electrostatic grounding line. Use a non-conductive plastic pipeline oil to traverse the hose ends of metal flange for crossover.