【 Weak current College 】 fire smoke control of high-rise building design problems and solutions

Usually tall buildings of smoke control facilities include smoke staircase and vestibule, fire the elevator room, combined with front room, enclosed stairway, refuge layer (room), and other places set of smoke, the basement, in the aisle, Atrium, no form or with fixed window room and set the smoke extraction facilities, smoke partition between the vertical wall of smoke. Smoke management facilities is tall buildings to protect life and property safety indispensable fire safety facilities, but as part of the design and construction personnel on smoke control facilities of structure, function, performance, lack of awareness, understanding of national regulatory standards, not often leads to the design, construction, there are some problems, mainly in the following areas:
　　
A, natural smoke extraction facilities up to exhaust purpose
　　
Natural gas is an economical, simple and easy operation, maintenance, management convenience of exhaust smoke, but as part of the works in the design and construction process is not carried out according to specifications, often lead to project completion, natural smoke extraction facilities do not have the effect of its smoke causes mainly has following several aspects:
　　
A is the set of natural smoke exhaust was misaligned window. From natural smoke effect, exhaust window should be as close as possible to the top of the wall, there are a considerable number of natural smoke exhaust window is set in the upper part of the wall, but is lower, from the roof, the greater the distance from the ceiling, is not conducive to natural gas.
　　
Second, natural smoke exhaust window window area does not meet specifications. National standards for the design of tall building fire safety norms on the use of natural smoke exhaust parts of fenestration area shall be clearly defined, but due to some designers do not press specifications carefully calculated, or the fixed window area within the exhaust window area, causing some projects don't exhaust window area to the specification requires that directly affect the smoke effect.
　　
The third is the natural structure of exhaust window. Have made the smoke exhaust window is not open, fixed window, the upper portion of the form to make a fixed window, the window can be opened by the smoke in the lower portion of the window, seriously affect the smoke extraction functionality.
　　
4. installation height high exhaust window missing easy to open the operating organization. According to specification, exhaust window should have opened the device easily, but some of the installation height high, difficult exhaust window are not installed on the negative operating device, fire smoke exhaust window opens.
　　
2. set the mechanical pressurization smoke control equipment parts required to form a top pressure value, mechanical smoke extraction facilities of smoke effect is not evident
　　
Air and exhaust air, port Yu ya value does not meet the regulatory requirements of the phenomenon is more prevalent in the project, some air, exhaust port speed or even close to zero, this might be caused by more complex, mainly has following several aspects:
　　
A selection of the blower. According to specification, smoke staircase and vestibule, combined with front room and fire the elevator room of mechanical pressurization air flow, the calculation should be identified, when the calculated values and norms stipulated values do not match, whichever the greater value determines the design directly, according to the specification for a given value determines that often lead to the selection of the blower air flow, pressure is small, can not meet the requirements of the design uses combined ventilation and smoke extraction system, construction was not as designed selection two-speed fan; construction units not complying with the design of the fan model ordering, purchasing power specifications smaller fan, led to a serious shortage of fan.
　　
Second, the mechanical pressurization system and natural gas facilities in the repeat settings. For building height more than 50 meters of a class of public buildings and buildings of more than 100 meters of residential buildings, in accordance with the requirements of the regulations should set mechanical pressurization system, some projects in this area while using natural gas, resulting in fire, mechanical pressurization system for smoke control window with nature while opening, smoke stairs difficult to form a positive pressure, can not reach the smoke effect.
　　
The third is combined with the positive pressure ventilation system was not designed pressure regulation device. According to specification, mechanical pressurization for smoke control staircase and combined with former room, to independently set the air supply system, when you must share a system should be on the way to the front room with air duct pressure difference set on automatic control device. There are many design combined with the positive pressure ventilation system does not have design pressure regulation device, unable to form a staircase of residual pressure is higher than the front room.
　　
4. smoke partition not complying with the specifications set smoke facilities. A considerable part of the project, especially the large shopping centres set up smoke part not specifications set down in the ceiling smoke vertical walls, basement while using architecture beam for smoke, smoke extraction system in the exhaust vent is not according to specification, located in the ceiling or wall near the ceiling, which is located below the beam.
　　
Fifth, the air settings do not meet the requirements. Some vertical smoke control system for air fixed louvres-normally open air outlet, outlet sizes basically the same, caused by the layer of air volume and air speed serious imbalances, far away from the fan supply outlet of the air flow is inadequate, even at the end of the diffuser of wind speed, wind rate close to zero.
　　
Sixth, duct shaft construction, air quality is poor. A considerable number of works by ventilation shafts not plastering, plumbing connections are not closed position, normally closed air leakage is not tightly closed, causing very serious air, exhaust air flow of wind speed, the specification requirements, construction unit or even cancel the shaft connection ceiling diffusers for air pipe, use ceiling stuffy air duct space instead of a top, often causing air duct outlet wind speed close to zero.
　　
3. smoke fan of distribution does not conform to specification
　　
One is the fan's power supply to the load level of tall buildings. Some of the power supply line not received since the fire power, but rather add to floor lighting, power distribution box, some design uses single circuit distribution lines, design is not set at the end of the power supply automatic switching device, not a secondary power supply load requirements, exclusive dual-circuit, located at the end of the selfDynamic switching device.
　　
Second, the downlead distribution line installation does not meet the requirements. Some smoke fan distribution line wear PVC plastic pipe, some wear metal tube not brushing fire retardant coating, does not comply with the wearing of fire performance requirements.
　　
4. setting up machinery parts of smoke control facilities specifications set by
　　
One is with podium of smoke control in high-rise building stairwell and front room, fire the elevator room or shared room, when the podium above use can be opened for natural smoke outside Windows, podium section does not have natural smoke condition, its front room or room is not in accordance with the former specifications set positive pressure ventilation system.
　　
The second is no more than 20 meters of natural gas in the aisle, some designers who connected smoke before room stairs have natural smoke, think it has the natural smoke conditions, according to the specifications set mechanical smoke extraction facilities.
　　
5. strategies
　　
In view of the above problems, I think the Fire Department should be from the following aspects to strengthen building smoke facilities design and construction supervision:
　　
First, should strengthen smoke facilities design and construction of business mentoring and training. Around the Fire Department for fire alarm and General Electric, fixed (automatic) fire-fighting facilities design and construction of business mentoring and training attaches great importance to the training process often overlooked smoke facilities design and construction professionals.
　　
Second, should implement the smoke control facilities construction by fire facilities construction unit of the system. Smoke management facilities is building automatic fire-fighting facilities, an important part, in accordance with the provisions of its construction by fire facilities construction units, but there are many items of smoke control facilities construction by air conditioning unit is responsible for the installation of construction professionals.
　　
Third, the Fire Department of examination personnel in construction drawing examination, should focus on smoke control facilities design review should focus on the natural smoke exhaust window settings, window size, mechanical smoke extraction facilities set parts, fan selection, the air exhaust port settings, smoke partition until the review, while in construction should be strengthened to smoke the supervision and management of facilities, smoke control facilities as construction supervision and inspection of important content, make timely detection of problems, guidance, supervision and construction units for rectification.