【 Weak current College products】 automotive and auto garage fire safety management-Power By 【 China power house network 】

The car is the most widely used in modern use of means of transport, with a heavy task of passenger and cargo transportation, garage (field) is used for parking or maintenance vehicles. Cars, garage, in the event of fire extinguishing suffering the consequences are very serious, we must strengthen the automobile and garage fire safety management. Following my automobile and automotive library fire danger, fire cause and fire safety requirements to provide a brief introduction, for your reference.
　　
First part: car fire causes and preventive measures
As a modern transport one of the main tools, the car is fast, flexible features, therefore bears a heavy passenger and freight transport tasks. With the rapid development of economic society and people's living standards and continuously improve the yield of the automobile and society's increasing demand for automobiles. But as the car used fuel is flammable gasoline and diesel fuel, resulting in the use, maintenance and management is not at that time. Vulnerable to fire, causing heavy losses. According to statistics, in 2003, the national total motor vehicle fires caused 9434, 55 people were killed, wounded, 224 direct 14322.2 million. In 2004, the national total vehicle fire caused 7793, 22 deaths, 140 injured, direct loss 12043.8 million.
　　
First, the car of the fire risk
Automotive press its usability is usually divided into passenger cars, trucks and special vehicles three categories. Although different car types, but the basic structure of roughly the same, mainly by the engine, electrical tantamount, body and chassis four major components. Engine is the car's power source, the fuel system, lubrication and cooling system components, most of the installation in the car in front, fuels the characteristics of its substance, its fire is of relatively high; electrical system is an important part of the car, the main function is to start the engine and igniting a mixed gas, night lighting, acoustics, lighting signal issued, recorder and warm and cold wind empty faded by etc, it distributed in various parts of the car, once the line insulation damage or Connector connection is not secure, spark fever can be caused by fire; body including cab and body parts are installed in the chassis, interior decoration, most of the combustible materials encountered heat source, the source of fire caused by burning after extremely easy. If the compartment is equipped with inflammable combustibles, easier because of its combustion, it will speed up or expansion; the spread of the chassis is the foundation of the car, by train, driving, steering and braking system, etc, once the lubricant leakage or used vehicles still continue to use, friction, extremely easy to cause a fire. In addition, some cars also have electric vehicle doors, Ontario car, power seat, telephone and radio, and other additional equipment, such equipment power supply insulation material for fuel to the fire risk of the car.
　　
II. characteristics of the vehicle fire
1, fire, burning Meng. Car with gasoline or diesel fuel, so low and volatile, ignition energy of small, special performances to detonation; oil and rubber tube, tire, etc are flammable, or in the load is big, enormous heat when burned, causing severe burns; motor vehicles in motion, the oxygen supply is adequate to promote the rapid development of fire.
2, explosive flammable, spread over large areas. Car fire, often accompanied by tank, tubing and other containers, oil container explosion ruptured, causing oil splash, the formation of large fires.
3. easy causing poisoning, evacuation difficult. Car body of rubber, plastic component and its contents, in the combustion process, produce harmful delay. As a result of roll-over crash, fire, the doors were opened the collision, extrusion, staff time, causing the evacuation of casualties.
4, engine parts easily burst into flames. Automotive engine parts oil, electric system and the relative concentration of supply, heat, especially in travel on the way, the failure rate is high, fire frequency.
5, fighting hard. The car is occurrence of mobile objects, fire place. The car on the way, there is a fire place and sometimes remote areas, far away from the fire brigade and neighbourhood, no water, it might not have communication alarm conditions, once the fire, were not and salvage, causing greater damage.
　　
III. common cause of vehicle fire
Car fire with other fire, when the necessary conditions for a fire, a fire. Result in a common cause of vehicle fire:
(A) electrical failure
1. internal electrical circuit cause a fire. Common phenomenon touches or when the power cord, current suddenly crash with increased heat insulating layer of fire will ignite. Cause electrical vehicle internal circuit such as reasons for selection of insulated wire and cable does not comply with the vehicle's own specific environment and specific requirements, in use due to vibration, high temperature corrosion or local, to loss of insulation capability; because of the strength of weak and wiring unreasonable, the wire in a long time of friction or mechanical force under paragraph phase collision; breach of security regulations mess messy wires; received, missed the next line or human factors, etc.
2. internal electrical line contact resistance excessive heating of the fire. Electrical line contact connection false because excessive local resistance heating wires or contact heat melted, ignition wires or surrounding fuel.
3. battery back inside the current generator, the generator coil produces high temperature fire. Battery and generator is a car two parallel power, when the vehicle speed is higher than the battery voltage of generator voltage, battery charging generator to, when the vehicle speed or stop, the storage battery discharge to the generator, the generator is equipped with a counter current switch to prevent side motor battery discharge. If the reverse flow switch contact natural closed or due to electric shock shock caused by poor contact between new year and other mechanical failure that electric shock closed, then counter-current switching it does not work. When the bus stopped, battery power, as a disguised form generator generator through the pulley and the process engine together cannot rotate the generator armature DC resistance is very small, ECHO current soon brought high temperature generator coil produces insulating fire burned.
　　(2) oil system failure
1, loose or broken pipeline leakage caused by fire. Oil supply system is mainly composed of the fuel tank, tubing, oil pump and the carburettor. During use, due to corrosion, impact, vibration, aging, and so on appear pipeline connector is loose, cracked or damaged oil tank switch off is not strict; the fuel leak, and the formation of explosive gases in the air, having launched its open fires or work caused by arcing or burning of cremation.
2. car vaporizer tempering cause a fire. Vaporizer tempering refers to launch its in-cylinder combustion of the mixture from the vaporizer spray out cause hook oil used in gasoline fire phenomenon. Vehicle circuit failure status, using direct vaporizer for oil method called check oil. Check oil is a top-down by gravity for oil way, its flow is not able to control, easily lead to vaporizer tempering lead vehicle futures. Vehicles in motion status or startup can appear vaporizer tempering. Vaporizer tempered mainly due to the fuel and air mixture ratio adjustment is improper; in addition, the cylinder ignition premature or ignition order gone awry due to vehicle speed and to rapidly filling can also produce vaporizer tempering.
3-cylinder gasoline combustion is not sufficient cause a fire. Oil system fault of another is the mixed gas is too thick or cylinder channeling oil, gasoline engine cylinder combustion cannot fully within the exhaust pipe exhausts Mars, Earth or exhaust pipe above the oil or other flammable liquids can cause a fire.
(3) crash or roll-over fire
Car crash or roll-over, is easy to make car body fuel tank, pump, pipe rupture, causing the engine fuel injection, the case of high temperature or EDM to futures; high speed operation of a vehicle crash, the direct touch its oil supply system will easily cause explosion fire; vehicle interior electrical lines due to impact damage is short-circuit Burns; colliding, hanging up of vehicle makes the gas tank, oil tank, oil dispersed in the event of fire and burns; carriage of goods by chemistry-first impact to burns; because of the impact, the car inflammable materials freely in case of engine or exhaust pipe heat of the fire.
(4) violation or breach by fire safety regulations for fire.
Drivers or maintenance personnel did not pay attention to safety, the illegal use of fire or operation may cause a fire. Such as: baking with the open fire in winter by heating engine, fuel oil pipeline leak will and cause a fire or explosion; refuelling no flame or fire lighting, exhaust emission of Mars or hot gas engine may ignite. Lighting with open fire, the moment of the Polish lighting, can cause a fire; welding tank, without steam or hot water washing, fire, explosion or fire occurred; some drivers in maintenance or cleaning with a petrol engine, the convenience of easy, no battery power cable dismantling, when you use the brush metal or metal tools when you inadvertently touched on battery terminals, will be produced by EDM, make battery arcing caused fire.
In addition, the vehicle left the cigarette butts, children play with fire, traveller carrying dangerous goods aboard; illegal transport of hazardous chemicals, artificial set on fire; tank water scarcity, brush with gasoline cars, not fireproof enclosures, etc. can cause a fire.
4. preventive measures for vehicle fire
Analysis of the causes of the fire caused by motor vehicles is multi-faceted, it is a design and manufacturing defect, in the case of mechanical failure, the more reasons you belong to the human factor. If the driver's lack of fire-fighting operations in violation of knowledge, not regularly maintained vehicles, not complying with the provisions is equipped with fire-fighting equipment, fire up, even once looked at fire sigh. It comes down to a mere man and from two aspects. Therefore the car fire prevention, not only from the people's behavior to go to prevention, but also technically prevented. In particular, the prevention of motor vehicle fires should increase fire safety advocacy, design, manufacture and use of management in three areas. First, fire safety, traffic safety education, to improve driver and escort and other specialized personnel, security against accidents and disposal capacity, and secondly to the fire risk factors eliminate vehicles manufactured before, do not risk, a priori, third in vehicles should rely on rigorous and scientific management means to eliminate risk, ensuring fire safety.
(A) increase the intensity of the fire safety education and awareness
To focus on fire safety, traffic safety, promotional fare smoking, carrying flammable and explosive hazardous materials, promote fire-fighting. Stop the fire self-help knowledge, cars of the fire safety requirements through broadcast and cable TV broadcast regularly, or use Blackboard, promotional window, to remind the passengers in the car may not be smoking, suppress flammable and explosive chemical dangerous goods aboard, the carriage of passengers, as required. The Communications Department to organizations engaged in road transport, passenger transport, and other leaders, drivers, conductors for fire safety training, study of bad climatic conditions, accident prevention and countermeasures.
　　
(Ii) improve the overall design, enhanced fire performance car body
Improvements in vehicle design, to fully consider the design requirements, particularly to enhance oil, electric system was secure reliability, reducing fire danger, fire prevention, this is the basic means of automobiles. In improving the design should be based on these considerations:
1. in the manufacture of vehicles, car supplies new refractory materials, applied to car seats and interior decoration articles for flame retardant treatment, enhanced its fire resistance performance.
2. improve the vehicle's electrical system high temperature resistance, aging resistance, enhanced insulation; in the gas tank, oil, engine, gasoline divulging formation of explosive mixtures of explosion-proof electrical line should consider; selection of flame-retarding wire, wire will be easy to produce an explosion-proof electrical discharge of the streets, in its entirety in order to reduce the vehicle's ignition.
3. oil system selection of corrosion resistance, high strength material, minimize oil spills, SFT; roll-over crash, accident, the maximum guarantee safety, prevent gasoline fuel tank leak originated, start a fire.
4, large buses of additional emergency exit etc very emergency exit; the doors should be manually switch to prevent gas is burned, the door would not open.
5, shipping easyFueled explosive chemical dangerous vehicle exhaust pipes placed in the preceding paragraph, and assembled Mars arrester, the car is not placed electric spark device.
6. According to the various vehicle characteristics, design and manufacture of the appropriate on-board extinguishers in the vehicle design process is reserved for drivers and passengers have access to the space and keep a fire extinguisher, for rapid fire. You can also consider a vehicle's engine, fuel tank and other inflammable parts set automatic injection of fire extinguishers.
　　
(3) a sound management system, strengthening of security management
Establishing a sound vehicle fire management system, car use in fire safety management into the system in orbit, fire safety in day-to-day management can set off from point: area under
1, regular safety accident prevention education, enhancing driver, escort, lorry conductor's awareness of fire safety, familiar with the car fire using methods correctly and timely disposal burst fire accident, do a small fire to self-help, fire control. The occupants of passenger cars with fire organizations the ability of the evacuation.
2. on vehicles to fire safety annual examination. Annual or periodic vehicle fire safety inspections, in particular dangerous goods transport vehicles, discover and eliminate fire hazards.
3. actively develop vehicle fire regulations, in the car sector should strictly implement the use of open fires, security checks, system and security practices, and regular inspection, supervision and implementation.
4. always check the vehicle, regular maintenance. Driver in the car to check, repair and maintenance of vehicles, to see whether the low, high-voltage circuit, short circuit, earth leakage; check carburetor is loose temper, oil is oil spills, exhaust pipe is shooting, if you have any questions, you should immediately repair; to keep the battery vent free; at the same time, according to the requirements of vehicle maintenance manual, periodic maintenance on vehicles.
5, to protect the vehicle power cable insulation sleeving, as far as possible, so that it is not subjected to any object of extrusion to avoid rupture. At the same time, not to let it and other hot part that rely on, to prevent hyperthermia by high temperature insulating sleeve melting or wear. Automobile cab power knife switch to install is safe and appropriate handling of parts, the best line in the ground threaded, stop the car once, then power down. Note When the scrub the car engine must follow procedures, first power off then scrub, do not use with metal handle brush cleaning engine, in case it inadvertently touching that sparks ignite fire petrol.
6. drive door must remain flexible, complete the handle switch, so that when it encounters a fire, to personnel security evacuation and fire fighting.
7. choose the appropriate fire-fighting equipment. Current car fire extinguishers are: dry powder fire extinguishers, fire extinguishers, 1211 fire extinguishers. The size of the vehicle should be equipped with the appropriate number of fire extinguishers, ordinary car should configure at least one medium fire extinguishers, and large passenger cars, trucks, should be equipped with several large fire extinguishers, and regularly maintained, so that they might encounter in order to minimize the loss. Every driver should be familiar with the use of fire extinguishers available, so as to avoid accidents.
　　
5. Auto fire fighting measures and escape method
1, when the engine fire, the pilots should promptly stop, let yourself travel staff opens the door, and then cut off the power, remove the lorry fire extinguishers, fire flame front of a spray, fight a fire.
2. finding the car compartment cargo fire, pilots should leave the focus point of automobile parts (or concentration) to stop, and quickly to the fire alarm. At the same time, the pilot shall promptly take down lorry fire extinguisher to put out. When the fire is not a time to fight, you should advise onlookers away from the scene in order to avoid the explosion of innocent people, the disaster victims.
3. when the car in a fire during refueling, pilots do not be alarmed, to immediately stop fueling, rapid car out of the gas station (libraries), to use with turning the fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher or gas station, as well as clothes, etc. will fuel tank on the flame extinguished. If there are scattered on the ground of fuel, the application area of fire extinguishers or sandy ground fire.
4. when the car repair in case of fire, repair personnel should immediately get on the train or drilled trench, quickly cut off the power, the use of fire extinguishers or other fire extinguishing equipment put out the flames.
5. when the car is occurrence after being knocked down, because a fire hit the vehicle parts damaged, travelling more serious casualties, the first task is to save lives, if the door is not corrupt, should open the door to let people get out of the car, the above two methods are also available at the same time. At the same time, the pilot can use dilator, cutter, Jack, fire axe, tools combined with the fire brigade rescue fire-fighting.
6. when the car park there is a fire, should generally be regarded fire fighting vehicle location, take measures and evacuation measures. If the burning car in the parking lot in the Middle, you should put out the fire at the same time, organize evacuation vehicles parked around. If the burning car in the parking lot side when fighting fires, evacuation and fire combination I connected to the vehicle. When a bus fire, car, particularly calm decisive, consideration should be given to the first save and alert, depending on the specific parts of the fire and to determine escape and fighting methods.
7, such as the burning parts of the engine of the bus, the driver should khaki all doors, passengers alight from the door, put out the fire in the organization. If the ignition parts in the middle of the car, the driver opened the car door, passengers should get off from the two doors, driver and passenger who then put out the fire control the fire. If the car on the circuit was burned, the doors opened, passengers can get off from the nearby window. If the flame sealed doors, Windows is not easy for many people, covered my head from the available items of clothing at rush out the door. When the pilot and the travelling personnel clothes were ablaze, if time allows, you can quickly take off his clothes and foot to clothes or stamped out; if too late, passengers can use clothing slapped or used clothing covering fire for smothering, or in-place play rolls out the flame on clothes.
　　
The secondSection: garage fire and that sound and fire prevention measures
Garage (field) is designed for parking, repair and maintenance of automotive professional building, garage in the event of fire, not only will disrupt normal de transport order, and will cause a large number of casualties and damage to the vehicle. This is mainly due to the garages of fire factors. One is the garage oil, parking large quantities, density, once the ignition, a large number of oil will fiercely burning and rapidly spread to nearby vehicles; the second is the extensive use of garage building components, the combustible lacks the necessary fire safety isolation, the layout is not reasonable, easily lead to the rapid spread of the fire; the third is the garage after a fire, drivers are often not in the scene, the docked vehicle difficult evacuation.
　　
(A) garage (field) is a common cause of fire
Garage (field) in the event of a fire there are many kinds of reasons, can be summarized as:
1, architecture is not in conformity with the design specifications or fire requirements
Not strictly in accordance with national standards of the garage, garage, parking design fire protection standard for building fire safety design, use does not comply with the requirements of the old garage fire, not in accordance with the Fire Department of ideas for improvement, resulting in fire-prone.
2. improper use of electrical equipment installation
Garage in the electrical circuit is due to aging and loss of insulation insulation, prone to short circuit fire; the bulb, electric heaters in combustible items long exposure to high temperature, while the fuel ignition by the high temperature Grill.
3, the maintenance operation inadvertently
Mainly refers to when gasoline cleaning parts formed, using wire brush or other metal tools brush parts, repair work due to operation spark ignition gasoline accidentally, or in the garage for welding, cutting, painting, etc., due to inadvertently start a fire.
4. administrative provisions contrary to the fire
Violation of fire regulations, smoking in the garage or throw cigarette butts, ignition gasoline or library within the fuel fire; or unauthorized access from the gasoline tank of gasoline, cigarette lighters or matches lighting ignition gasoline; or repair oil gauze, flammable, combustible substances handled improperly, in case of fire or self-ignition occurs burning fire.
5. other reasons
Large garage, underground garage parking lot, turn over, Ray, prone to car crashes and cause a fire. A large garage, parking generally have some small depot or stacking containers fitted with fuel oil, or it was illegal to carry flammable or explosive chemicals entering the garage car, which was the garage (field) to a certain extent of fire hazards.
　　
Second, garage (field) fire protection measures
(A) garage (field) fire design requirements
In 1997, the public security departments with the relevant departments on the garage design fire protection standard law had been amended and, October 1997, the Ministry approved the publication of new mandatory national standards to the garage, garage, parking design fire protection standard (GB50067-97), 1 May 1998. The norms according to the number of parking, garage, garage, car park is divided into four classes, on all kinds of garage (field) of refractory grade, General layout, layout, spacing, fire engines, fire-proof isolation, road fire water and fixed fire extinguishing systems, heating and ventilation and smoke extraction system and so on fire safety design of proposed requires. Specific fire safety requirements, refer to the code.
(2), garage (field) fire safety management requirements
1, in strict accordance with the specifications of the design, construction, and subject to review and approval before it can be put into use. On the old garage should develop stringent fire safety of complementary measures.
2, the library should be located the striking logo is strictly prohibited to smoke, smoking is forbidden inside the garage.
3. when the vehicle tank leaks or the car is equipped with a barrel petrol, diesel, kept in the library. Must be kept, to devolve into the oil drum for dangerous goods warehouse, and let the leaking oil tanks of all oil deposits.
4. After entering the gallery inside the car, the driver should disconnect the power supply on the car before leaving.
5. strictly forbidden from parked cars in the tank for oil, not in oil with open flame lighting.
6, parking inside should not be stored drums of gasoline or diesel, gauze head should focus on metal drums and drum body with metal cover.
7. strengthen ventilation, ventilation equipment and fire-fighting equipment maintenance.
8. responsible for garage (field) of the management company shall establish the necessary fire safety management system, conditional units should be respected to fire organizations, on the obligations of garage (field) to enhance fire safety beloved deficit, organizing patrols, plate making, prevent illegal jobs, and eliminate fire hazards. At the same time to organize a fire evacuation drills.
9, garage (field) in accordance with the provisions of the water supply should be equipped with fire extinguishing system with a sufficient number of fire extinguishers.