【 Weak current college 】 building fire partitions, smoke partition and fire compartmentation---Power By 【 China power house network 】

The first section of the fire prevention Division
First, the concept of a fire protection district
The so-called fire partition refers to the use of fire prevention Division out of separated measures, within a certain period of time to prevent fire to the rest of the same building and spread of local area (space unit). In building use partition fire partitions that measures can be buildings once a fire is effectively the fire under control in the proper range, reducing fire losses, while for the evacuation, fire fighting to provide favorable conditions.
Fire protection district, according to prevent fire to fire partitions spread functionality beyond the expansion can be divided into two classes: one is the vertical fire partitions, to prevent multiple layers or high-rise building layers and layers between the vertical spread of a fire; the second is the horizontal partition, to prevent fire spread horizontally expand.
Vertical fire partition refers to the use of better fire resistance performance of floor and wall between Windows (including the window wall), in the building's vertical orientation on each floor of the fire.
Horizontal partition refers to using a firewall or fire doors, fire shutter, fire compartmentation of the floors in the horizontal orientation of the fire area. It can prevent fires in floors spread horizontally. Application firewall to separate fire compartment. If there is difficulty, can fire shutter with cooling water or closed sprinkler systems, or use a separate fire curtain separated.
Second, the Division of fire prevention Division
From the perspective of fire protection, fire protection district as small, more conducive to ensure the fire safety of buildings. But if the partition is too small, you will inevitably affect the use of a building, obviously is not feasible to do so. Fire partition size determination should consider building use nature, importance, fire risk and building height, fire fighting and fire spread speed and other factors.
Our existing architectural design fire protection standard "," people's air defense engineering design fire protection standard, the senior civil building design fire protection standard "on the building area of fire protection district, in the design, audits and inspections must be combined with practical, strict implementation of the project.
(A) single-layer, multi-layer architecture Division of fire prevention Division
Single-layer, multi-layer buildings fire partition size is calculated in a construction area. Each fire compartmentation of the maximum allowable construction area shall conform to the requirements of the table 3.3.1.1.
The fire protection district should note the following:
1. fire partition should be separated by a firewall, if you have difficulty, you can use to back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire shutter (more than 3-hour fire resistance), not to back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire shutter plus closed sprinkler system and fire water curtain with separated. Firewall on Windows and doors, fire doors and category should be used, and should be able to close.
2. buildings are equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, each layer of the maximum allowable construction area according to table 3.3.1.1 doubled. Local settings, increasing the area of the local area of 1 times.
3. a building where the upper and lower layer adjoining zouma Gallery, escalators, etc opening area, press up, down connectivity layer as a fire retardant partition, its building area of not more than table 3.3.1.1.
But the Atrium building, room, aisle and atrium of the opening area, communicating with its own closed class b fire door or fire shutter; communicating with Atrium Hall, channel, and so is equipped with class b fire door or curtain; every porch atrium with automatic fire alarm systems and automatic sprinkler system; and closed roof equipped with automatic smoke extraction facilities up and down the floor of the Atrium building area may not overlap calculation.
4. basement, semi basement fire, easy dispersal of personnel, firemen fighting difficult to fire partition size should be strictly controlled, provides the building's basement, semi basement Division of fire should be used in the firewall, its area of the partition should not be more than 500 square meters.
(B) the plant Division of fire prevention Division
Workshop each fire partition size of the maximum floor space shall comply with the requirements of the table 3.3.1.2. Multi-storey building tables maximum allowed footprint means each layer to allow maximum floor space.
The design-time fire compartment should note the following:
1. fire partition should be separated by a firewall. Opening doors and Windows opening on the firewall, you should use a fire-proof doors and Windows. A fire resistance rating, two-layer workshop (except for class a buildings) as an area of more than table 3.3.1.2 in value, set the firewall have difficulties available fire shutter or fire water are separated with, etc.
2. the level of fire resistance rating of multilayer and secondary fire resistance rating of single-layer, multi-layer textile factory (mafangchang excluded), the maximum allowable fire compartment covers may according to the requirements of the table in 3.3.1.2 increased 50%, but the above workshop opened package of raw cotton, Qing Hua workshop are separated by a firewall should be set.
3. a fire resistance rating, two-layer, multi-layer paper production joint workshop, its maximum allowable fire compartment covers can be provided by table 3.3.1.2 1.5 times.
4. a, b, r workshop equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, the maximum allowable fire compartment covers the requirements of the table 3.3.1.2 double; Ding, "workshop set automatic fire extinguishing system, its floor space is not limited. To increase the local creation of an area of the local area of 1 times.
(3) the Treasury Division of fire prevention Division
The Treasury each firewall between size and maximum floor space shall comply with the requirements of the table 3.3.1.3.
When the fire partitions, you should note the following:
1. fire partition should be separated by a firewall, open doors and Windows on it, you should use a fire-proof doors and Windows.
2. independent construction of ammonium nitrate, calcium carbide Treasury Treasury, Treasury, urea Treasury of polyethylene, coal Depot, as well as stations, wharves, airports of transit warehouse, its building area according to the requirements of the table 3.3.1.3 doubled, but the fire resistance rating should not be less than the second.
3. equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system of the Treasury, its building area according to the table and the above "3.3.1.3 2"Provisions doubled.
4. in the same block, the Treasury or the same firewall within the storage of several types of fire danger of different goods, its Treasury or cubicles of the maximum allowable construction area should be one of the greatest fire hazard materials.
(Iv) high level workshop fire partitions divided
High-rise building is the construction of more than 24 two-tier and two-storey building.
High-rise building each fire compartmentation of the maximum allowable construction area shall conform to the requirements of the table 3.3.1.4. Mode a plant cannot be set in high-rise buildings. Fire resistance rating of high-rise buildings should not be lower than level 2.
The fire protection district, you should note the following:
1. fire partition should be separated by a firewall.
2. b, r workshop equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, its fire compartment area according to the requirements of the table 3.3.1.4 doubled; Ding, "workshop set automatic fire extinguishing system, the fire prevention Division building area is not limited. Local settings, increasing the area of the local area of 1 times.
(5) tall to the Treasury Division of fire prevention Division
Senior Treasury refers to building height exceeding 24 second-tier and second-tier above to the Treasury. A, b and c combustible liquids should be stored in a senior Treasury. Fire resistance rating of senior Treasury should not be lower than level 2.
Senior Treasury each fire partitions the firewall between the maximum allowable construction area shall conform to the requirements of the table 3.3.1.5.
Senior Treasury is equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, the construction area according to table 3.3.1.5 doubled, local settings, increasing the area of the local area of 1 times.
(6) tall buildings Division of fire prevention Division
According to the tall buildings of fire hazards and characteristics of a high-rise building, combined with the actual situation in our country, and abroad on tall buildings fire partitions divided, the senior civil building design fire protection standard, tall buildings each fire compartmentation of the maximum allowable construction area should not exceed the requirements of the table 3.3.1.6.
The fire protection district should note the following:
1. the Division of fire prevention Division fire compartmentation in addition to firewalls, depending on the situation with fire shutter and fire drencher belt, etc.
2. equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, which allows fire compartment maximum floor space can be table 3.3.1.6 doubled; when the local settings for automatic fire extinguishing system, increasing the area of the local area of 1 times.
3. the high-rise construction in the commercial business Hall, exhibition hall, etc., when equipped with automatic fire alarm systems and automatic fire extinguishing system, and the use of non-combustion or difficult burning materials decoration, above-ground fire partitions allow for maximum floor space is 4000 square meters, the underground part of the fire prevention Division allows the maximum area is 2000 m2.
4. when the high-rise building and there is a firewall between the podium and so on fire to separate facilities, its podium fire partitions allow for maximum floor area should not be greater than 2500 square meters, equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, fire partitions allow for maximum floor space can be doubled.
5. the high-rise construction equipped with upper and lower layers are connected through a corridor, the open stairs, escalators, conveyors, etc opening area, you should press the up and down connectivity layer as a fire retardant partition, it allows for maximum floor space and should not exceed the requirements of the table 3.3.1.6. When the upper and lower opening area is equipped with fire shutter or curtain separated facilities, such as their size may not overlap calculation.
6. the high-rise construction fireproof partition size should be the area of the upper and lower layer connectivity, when superimposed over a fire protection district area, should take this section in the atrium of fireproofing measures.
7. in every department in the vicinity of the deformation of fire doors, the number should be located in the floor of one side, and the door after deformation joint should not be crossed.
8. set the firewall have difficult places, use the fire shutter for fireproofing, when using a back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire shutter fire resistance when it should not be less than 3h; when using not to back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire curtain, curtain side should be independent of the closed type of sprinkler system protection systems sprinkling duration should not be less than 3h. Nozzle spray intensity should be not less than 0.5L/S.M, nozzle spacing should be 2 m to 2.5m, nozzle spacing shutter vertical distance should 0.5m.
9. set the aisles in evacuation fire shutter should be set on both sides of the curtain opening and closing device, and should have the first movement, manual and mechanical control functions.
Third, the glass curtain wall, the atrium and special parts and room of fireproofing
(A) of the glass curtain wall as a new kind of building element, with its light weight and very bright, crisp, dial, beautiful, decorative art effects, etc., since 70-80 's, the widely used in high-rise buildings.
1. glass curtain wall of fire risk
Glass curtain wall is made of metal components and glass exterior wall of the building envelope, the clear box, half-frame and hidden frame glass curtain wall. Constitute a glass curtain wall material: steel, aluminum, glass, stainless steel and sealants.
Glass curtain wall more fully seal, curtain wall of glass is often used heat reflective glass, tempered glass and so on. These glass high strength, but fire performance difference, therefore, once the building in case of fire, a fire risk considerably, mainly in the following areas:
(1) building in the event of fire, the indoor temperature will rise dramatically as the curtain wall of glass in early due to thermal stress fire effect is exploding and broken, causing the fire spread up from external to the building. General curtain wall glass around 25 C is exploding, falls off, so that large areas of glass curtain wall to become the fire up an important way to spread.
(2) vertical glass curtain wall and horizontal gaps between floors, is the proliferation of fireworks when the fire broke out. Due to the requirements of the building, constructed in the curtain wall and floor between the larger gaps, if its not seal or seal, pyrotechnics will spread this up, resulting in the spread.
2. glass curtain wall of fireproofing measures
In order to prevent the building fireTime by causing large glass curtain wall, glass curtain wall in settings should satisfy the following requirements:
(1) equipped with sills wall ¡¡¡¡, (window walls) of glass curtain wall, its walls filled with rock wool, slag wool materials, glass, aluminum silicate cotton not burning materials. When the outside wall with fire resistance rating of not less than the non-burning body 1h, its walls cover material can be difficult to combustion materials such as foam, B1 level.
(2) no wall between Windows and sills wall (window walls) of glass curtain wall, each floor fire resistance along the setting out of not less than the height is not lower than 1h and not burning entity 0.8m skirt wall.
(3) each glass curtain wall and floor, wall, cracks, not combustion materials should be used to fill in dense.
(B) of the atrium of fireproofing
The Atrium is a breakthrough in the building of internal, and upper and lower floors create a beautiful natural environment with outdoor and indoor space.
It is a large building internal and down through the floor as the core of large space and the creation of a special architectural form, the height of the Atrium, a building with high, while the building's upper or lower part, because of the Atrium is up and down through large spaces, so give fire design made a number of new issues.
1. the fire risk of Atrium
(1) was on fire, smoke spread fast.
Atrium spaces, fire and smoke unrestricted expanding rapidly. Atrium space takes the form of the chimney, so easy to produce chimney effect, if in the atrium of the lower deck there is a fire, smoke will very easily into the Atrium space; if there is a fire in the atrium of the upper, Atrium space fireworks cannot drain out, to building other spatial diffusion; and thus quickly lead to all fire throughout the building.
(2) evacuation and fire suppression is difficult.
Atrium fires that involve multiple floors, extremely easy to form a solid fire spread because of smoke and fire, evacuation and fire fighting mutual intersection, personnel, causing chaos in the scene. In addition, due to the effects of smoke, fire, is bound to the evacuation and fire disaster caused great difficulty.
2. separate the atrium of the fire prevention measures
According to the characteristics of the atrium of the fire, in the domestic and international fire safety design of tall building atrium of specific practices, refer to foreign related fire safety norms, through the layers of Atrium should a fire Division calculation, when their size is greater than the fire partitions of construction area, you should take the following measures: fireproofing
(1) room and patio doors, corridors is same, you should set the channel class b fire door, window to control the fire spread to the layer;
(2) connected with the Atrium Hall, channel, etc, should be set class b fire door or the fire resistance is greater than 3h fire curtain separated, to control pyrotechnics to Hall, channel, spread;
(3) of the Atrium every porch should be set for automatic sprinkler system;
(4) the Atrium every porch should set the automatic fire alarm system and smoke extraction equipment and fire door interlock control.
(3) various kin well and other special parts of fireproofing
Architecture of kin to the tube well, not only is the fire spread from top to bottom, and the main approach is to call the pyrotechnics of channel, if fire improperly or not separated for appropriate fire protection processing, high temperature smoke will spread rapidly expanding, causing a serious risk to fight hard, physical security, increase fire losses. Elevator is important for vertical transport, elevator shaft generally and elevator halls, corridors and other rooms where, if a combustible gas and flammable and combustible liquids, wires (cable), once the fire poses a threat to the other tube well and entire building's security, therefore, on the building of these parts of the building structure should strictly required, specific measures to be taken following fire prevention;
1. low layer construction of pipelines and cables well should every 2-3 layers in the floor using the fire resistance is not lower than the non-burning body 0.5h Packer, the shaft should be in the fire resistance is not lower than the non-burning body 1h. Sidewall inspection door on class c fire doors should be used.
2. set the elevator shaft should be independent, well laid flammable gas is strictly prohibited and a, b, c liquid pipeline, and should not be laid and elevator-independent cable, wire, etc. In addition to the creation of the elevator shaft and vent hole elevator door, should not be offered other cave. Elevator door should not be using the door.
3. the high-rise construction of cable-well, well, exhaust pipes, exhaust road, trash and other vertical pipeline well, should be set up independently; the wall should be not less than the fire rating of not burning body 1h; sidewall inspection door on class c fire doors should be used.
4. building height no more than 100 m high building, with its cable and pipe shaft should be at intervals of 2-3 layers in the floor slabs with the equivalent Office of the fire resistance of combustion in a fire separation; building height more than 100 m high building, should be used at each floor is equivalent to the fire resistance of the floor is not burning body for fireproofing.
Cable and pipe wells, and rooms, corridors, etc. connected through the void of holes, their burning materials should be used not packing density.
5. waste should rely on external wall set road should not be located in the staircase, the trash of the vent should be directly open to the outside. Waste bucket yishe in garbage before the Interior, the road in front of the room should be used in class c fire doors. Garbage buckets should be nonflammable material manufacture, and be able to close.
6. building expansion joints, settlement joint, seismic deformation joint seam and other is one way to fire spread, especially longitudinal deformed joints with strong pull pyrotechnics effect, to do this, you must make a good fire. Deformation of joints of grass-roots should be can't burn material, its surface decoration layer use nonflammable materials, strict restrictions on the use of combustible materials. No deformation joints internal cabling, combustible gas pipeline and a, b, c liquid pipelines. If the cables, pipelines need to cross the deformational slots, should be in place through noncombustible material casing, and fills using noncombustible materials carefully filled in.
7. pipe through the floor, not combustion materials be void to fill all around.
8. cold storage using rice husk, foam and other combustible materials for thermal insulation of walls, use not burning insulation level fire belt. done Fire safety belt yishe level in each floor. Cold store mezzanine floor and the wall of the combustion of flammable insulation used not walls.
The second section of the anti-Smoke partition
First, the concept of smoke partition
To contribute to building evacuation and organized exhaust, technical measures taken. By smoke partition so that the smoke set to set space through smoke extraction facilities will flue gas flows into the outdoors. Smoke partition scope refers to the roof smoke shelves, hanging wall or smoke from the ceiling down to highlight not less than 500 mm of the beams, from floor to roof or ceiling of the space between.
Roof smoke partition is located on the roof, the smoke and heat horizontal flow obstacle of vertical separation.
Smoke hanging wall is not burning material, drop from the ceiling is not less than 500 mm, fixed or active stall cigarette facilities. Active smoke hanging wall means fire due to heat, smoke or other control devices, automatic drop down wall of smoke.
Second, the role of smoke partition
A large number of information indicating that the fire casualties was mainly attributable to the harmful effects of tobacco. Fires first task is to fire on high temperature flue gas control within a certain area, and quickly discharged outside. To this end, in setting conditions must divide the smoke partition. Set smoke partition is guaranteed over a certain period of time, so that the fire on high temperature flue gas is not free, and thus be excluded, and thus enabling evacuation, control the spread of fire and the purpose of reducing fire losses.
III. principles for smoke partition settings
Set smoke partitions, if area is too large to cause the smoke affected area expanded to include adverse safety evacuation shouzaimian, and fighting; if the area is too small, not only use, which will increase the cost of project.
1. no smoke extraction facilities room (basement) and aisle, no Division of smoke partitions;
2. smoke partition should not be cross fire partitions.
3. on a special-purpose sites, such as basements, smoke fire stairs, elevators, refuge interlayer, etc., should be on a separate partition smoke partition.
4. smoke partitions generally do not cross the floor, in some cases, such as 1 layer area too small permitted including 1 above the floor for not more than 3 layers.
5. each smoke partition size for high-rise buildings and other buildings (including underground construction and civil engineering), its building area is greater than 500 square meters; when the roof (or roof) height above the 6m, are not affected by this limitation. In addition, the need to set up the aisle, smoke extraction facilities in height not exceeding 6m room should be used in smoke vertical wall, wall or roof highlights from not less than the beam Division 0.5m smoke partition, beams or vertical wall-indoor floor height should not be less than 1.8m.
4. smoke partition of partition method
Smoke partition is generally based on building types and requirements vary, depending on their purpose, area, floor breakdowns:
(A) classification by purpose
For the parts of a building, according to its different uses, such as kitchen, bathroom, living room, living room and Office, etc, to more appropriate division of smoke partitions, but also more convenient. Abroad often parts of a building divided into living or office space, evacuation corridor, staircase, elevator and the front room, garage, etc. smoke partition. But according to this method of dividing smoke partition, you should be aware of for ventilation and air conditioning ducts, electrical, piping, drainage pipes, etc. through walls and floors, the application is not burning material fill compacted.
(2) classification according to size
The building press area divide it into several base smoke partitions, these partitions on each floor for smoke, generally the same, the same shape, use the same size. Different shapes of smoke partition, its area is also suitable. Each floor of the smoke partitions can use the same set of smoke control facilities. Like all smoke partitions share a set of smoke extraction device, the exhaust fan capacity should be maximum preventing smoke partition area calculation.
(3) breakdown by floor
In high-rise building, ground floor and upper part of the same is often not too, such as high-rise hotel building, ground floor layout of the dining room, reception room, shops, accounting, multi-function Hall, etc., the upper part more housekeeping. Fire statistics indicate that the underlying the chance of fire, fire probability, in the upper part of the main fire. Therefore, where possible, depending on the room's different uses vertically divided according to the floor for smoke partition.
Section III fire compartmentation
First, the concept of fire compartmentation
Fire compartmentation refers to a certain time to prevent the spread of fire, and the construction interior space separated into several smaller fire space objects.
Common fire compartmentation have firewall, fire doors, fire shutter, fire drencher belt, fire dampers and smoke fire dampers, etc.
2. firewall
Firewall is not burning materials, to reduce or avoid buildings, structures, equipment subjected to thermal radiation hazards and prevent the spread of fire, set the vertical separator or directly set on the basis of a building or on reinforced concrete frames with the fire resistance of the wall.
A firewall is a fire district's main building components. Usually firewalls have a firewall, the firewall and outdoor independent wall several types.
Fire resistance of the firewall, combustion performance, set the location and structure should meet the following requirements:
1. firewall should not, their burning in the fire resistance present buildings》 4h, the provisions of the regulations of law as 3h.
2. firewall directly on the basis of masonry in or reinforced concrete framework, when firewall on one side of the roof truss, beam and the floor, and so the impact due to fire damage, not to allow the firewall to collapse.
3. firewall should truncate the combustion or burning of difficult roof structure, and should be higher than the combustion or burning of the roof is not less than 500 mm. Firewall should not burning body higher than 400mm roof. But when the building's roof to the fire resistance is not lower than the non-burning body 0.5h, high-rise building roof for fire resistance is not lower than the non-burning body 1h, firewall (including vertical firewall) block to the bottom of the roof base, without a roof.
4. building of the wall as embarrassed when burning body, conspicuous difficult burning firewall walls of the outer surface of 400mm. Fire safety belt width, starting from the firewall centre line on each side should not be less than 2m。
5. the firewall from the skylight surface horizontal distance less than 4m and skylight surface for combustion, the firewall should be raised to more than 400-500mm skylight structures in order to prevent the spread of fire.
6. firewall should not be set in the exhaust tract, civil buildings such as the need to set up, its surrounding wall section thickness should be smaller than 120mm.
7. on the firewall should not be open doors, Windows, holes, like must be set up, you should use class a fire door, window, and should be self off.
8. transportation of flammable gases and a, b, c liquid pipes should not pass through (tall buildings is strictly forbidden to walk through) the firewall. Other pipes should not pass through the firewall, like must pass through should be used not burning body will gap fill compacted. Pass through the firewall of the pipe insulation should be used not burning materials.
9. building firewall yishe in the corner. As located around the corner, the inside corner on both sides of door, window and entrance between the horizontal distance from the nearest edge should not be less than 4m, when there are fixed with adjacent a category b fireproof window, the distance can be unlimited.
10. close the firewall on both sides of doors, Windows, entrance between the horizontal distance from the nearest edge should not be less than 2m, such as class b is equipped with a fixed fire protection window, no distance limitations.
Third, the fire doors
Fire door refers to a certain period of time, together with a framework to meet fire resistance stability, integrity and insulation requirements. It is set on fire partition, evacuation staircases, vertical shaft, etc. and has a fire resistance of active fire compartmentation.
Fire door in addition to the normal function of the door, but more importantly also has blocked the spread of fire and smoke diffusion of special features. It can be at one time, block or slow the spread of fire, make sure that the evacuation.
(A) fire door fire resistance and scope of application of
1. category a fire door. Fire resistance is not lower than 1.2h to category of door fire doors. Class a fire door main installation in fire protection division of the firewall. Building with some special room door to category fire door too, such as fuel gas boiler room, the transformer room, intermediate storage, etc.
2. category b fire doors. Fire resistance is not lower than 0.9h door to category b fire doors. Smoke stairs and pass forward room door, high-rise building closed the door of the staircase and the elevator room fire or combined front room door should use class b fire doors.
3. class c fire doors. Fire resistance is not lower than 0.6h door to class c fire doors. Building of pipelines and cables well, vertical wells road inspection door and high-rise buildings in the trash before the door of the compartment should adopt class c fire doors.
(2) the inspection of fire door
Fire door besides has reliable fire performance and reasonable location, check the fire door, you should also note the following points:
1. fire door should be opened to the evacuation of the direction (fortified door air-conditioner room, storeroom, rooms, etc.) of the door and off from any side of the manual on.
2. for the evacuation of the aisle, staircase and vestibule of the fire door, should be able to close.
3. dual fan and fan the fire doors, should set the order of the door closer.
4. always fire doors, in the event of a fire, should have its own closed and signal feedback function.
5. located in the vicinity of deformation joint fire doors, the number should be located in the floor of one side, and the door after crossing the deformation joint, to prevent the spread of pyrotechnic through deformational slots.
6. fire doors in the upper part of the slit, holes filled with nonflammable materials, and should reach the appropriate fire resistance requirements.
4. fireproof window
Fireproof window refers to a certain period of time, together with a framework to meet fire resistance stability and fire integrity requirements of form. Fireproof window generally installed in firewall or fire doors.
Fire classification form, according to the installation methods can be divided into fixed sash fireproof window and active window sash fireproof window. Press fire resistance can be divided into a, b, c three-level, the fire resistance is not lower than 1.2h form fireproof window for category a; fire resistance not low 0.9h window to category b fireproof window, the fire resistance is not lower than the window as class c. 0.6h fireproof window.
Fireproof window function: first, isolate, and prevent the spread of fire, this window is docked Windows, lighting, this window has an active window sash, normal lighting, ventilation, fire up the fireproofing function. Activity window sash of fireproof window should have a manual, and auto-off feature.
5. fire shutter
Fire shutter refers to a certain period of time, together with a framework to meet fire resistance and fire stability requirements of the shutter.
Fire shutter is an active fire compartmentation, usually rolled up in window and door hinges tank outlet, it put down when the fire started, to prevent fire spread from the door and window openings.
Fire shutter settings parts are generally; fire lift front room, escalators around, atrium and each floor corridors, Hall, room communicating opening area, replace the firewall need to set fire to separate facilities for parts, etc.
Check fire curtain should note the following:
1. door leaf all seams, Rails, reel, slit, should have the fire smoke seal measures to prevent the pyrotechnic cuanru.
2. fireproof curtain instead of firewall, when using a back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire shutter fire resistance when it should not be less than 3h; when using not to back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire curtain, curtain side should be independent of the closed type of sprinkler system protection systems sprinkling duration should not be less than 3h. Nozzle spray intensity should be not less than 0.5L/s.m, nozzle spacing should be 2 m to 2.5m, nozzle spacing shutter vertical distance should 0.5m.
3. in the evacuation of the aisle and fire the elevator room fire shutter, should have in the landing there are short standstill and from both sides of the manual control function, in order to protect the evacuation; should have automatic, manual and mechanical control functions.
4. used to partition fire partition fire shutter, set in the escalators around, the atrium and the rooms, corridors, etc opening area of fire shutter, should be linked with fire detectors, whenFire, should take a step landing control.
5. fire shutter subject should have the control function, you should have temperature (fusible metal) control features to ensure that fire detectors or linkage or fire power failure, by playing a fusible metal can still fire curtain separated the fire. From Shenyang city fire lessons, extremely necessary.
6. fire shutter gaps around the upper part, should adopt the same fire resistance rating of nonflammable material fill, packer.
6. fire damper
Fire damper refers to a certain period of time to meet fire resistance and fire stability requirements for ventilation, air conditioning duct fire activity-closure system.
To prevent fire through the air, the air conditioning system pipes spread, set fire dampers, should meet the following requirements:
1. ventilation ducts passing through not burning body floor Office should be located fire damper. Ventilation ducts passing through the firewall should be fortified smoke fire dampers, or on both sides of the firewall set fire dampers, respectively.
2. send and return air duct through ventilation, air conditioning room partition wall and floor Office should be located fire damper.
3. send through airshaft road. VIP lounge, conference room, function room, large room, and other valuables or important nature of the fire risk large room partition wall and floor Office should be located fire damper.
4. multi-layer and senior industrial and civil construction and the floor is usually the vertical fire compartment, fire compartmentation in such buildings, each layer level sent back to the wind pipe and vertical duct flow in horizontal pipe, should be set on fire dampers.
5. wind pipes pass through buildings on both sides of the deformed joints should be located fire damper. Multiple layers of public buildings and tall buildings in the kitchen, bathroom, toilet machinery or natural vertical exhaust pipes, such as measures taken to prevent backflow of difficulties, you should set fire damper.
6. fire safety valve yirongpian or other heat, smoke, and other control equipment upon role should shun air flow direction to tightly closed. And there should be a separate hangers and so prevent wind pipe deformation and measures affecting close.
Yirongpian and other thermal components should be installed in areas prone to heat, which has the effect of temperature should be less ventilation system in the typical maximum temperature 25 ° c, 70 ° c and should be generally.
7. enter a gas automatic fire extinguishing systems for room ventilation, air conditioning pipes, fire valves should be provided.
7. smoke fire dampers
Smoke fire valve is installed in the exhaust system pipes, at one time to meet fire resistance stability and fire requirements, fire insulation smoke effect of valve.
Smoke fire dampers in composition, shape, and it works similar with fire damper. The difference is based on the installation of pipe and action temperature, fire damper installed in ventilation, air conditioning system of pipes, action temperature of 70 ° c, while the smoke fire dampers installed in the exhaust system of pipes, action temperature to 280 ° c.
Smoke fire dampers with manual and automatic functions. After the fire occurred, you can automatically or manually open smoke fire dampers, smoke, smoke exhaust system flue gas temperature reaches or exceeds the 280 ° c, the valve closes automatically to prevent fire spread to other parts of the body. But exhaust fan should ensure in 280 ° c are still able to work continuously for 30 minutes.
Smoke fire valve settings should satisfy the following requirements:
1. in the exhaust system of exhaust pipes, should smoke fire dampers.
2. exhaust pipe into the engine room exhaust fan, should smoke fire dampers, and the linkage with the exhaust fan.
3. in need through a firewall to exhaust pipes, should smoke fire dampers, and the linkage with the exhaust fan.