【 Weak current College 】 shopping mall fire-fighting techniques and tactics---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Summary: this article for the past few years major shopping fire occurred from time to time, to life and property caused irreparable damage to major shopping malls fire suppression tactics and considerations for the fire. Combined with the actual fire case, has the strong practicability.
Keywords: major shopping malls; fire fighting measures;

1 Introduction
Major shopping malls have become public in the highest, personnel are crowded, the flow of the greatest places, in the event of fire, the consequences would be unthinkable. 2004 February 15 in Jilin city, Jilin province hundred mansion fire deaths occur, 53, injured 70 people, is this year the largest number of victims of the fire, but also since the founding of new China, Jilin province, the largest number of victims caused by fire, the whole of society. 25 December 2000, Luoyang City, Henan province East shopping center fire deaths occur, 309, injured 7, loss amounts 275 million. Recently, Paraguay supermarket and in case of fire, death toll has risen to 504 people, injured over 520 people. Visible for rescue fire fighting big difficulty, therefore, a large shopping centre fire suppression is fire forces the urgent need for research and discussion.
2 fire-fighting techniques and tactics
2.1 strengthen first deployed forces
Deployment of the first out of combatants and technical equipment, fire fighting large shopping centre is the first point, the fire alarm command center should be based, in combination with fire plan, make decisions quickly and promptly transferred out fire fighting the required strength. Because of the particularity of large shopping centres of fire, the fire brigade after receiving the alarm must strengthen first deployed forces, except for the mobilization of a certain number of large water tank and pump exterior to immediately deploy a car, lighting, exhaust gas vehicles specially designed service vehicles arrived at the scene. At the same time you are equipped with air respirators, cutting, life-saving equipment, Fire Marshal for reconnaissance, rescue and fire fighting, etc., to create favourable conditions.
2.2 fire Scout
Fire Brigade arrived at the scene, to immediately take a variety of sources for fire detection, a comprehensive understanding of the situation at the scene. External observation and ask to an insider, quickly understand fire site, there is no trapped people, there are no flammable and explosive and valuables from the fire threat. You can also use the fire control centre for reconnaissance. In-depth market internal surveillance.
2.3 evacuation and rescue personnel
Major shopping malls fire, evacuation and rescue personnel are fire brigade the primary task of fire fighting. Life is a risk of very big combat tasks, from domestic, because the economic situation of the city, rescue equipment equipped with incomplete, development imbalances also very prominent, from abroad, some developed countries fire life safety skills, in addition to human factors, mainly reflected in the equipment.
First, use the emergency broadcast system and stable customer sentiment, guidance was trapped workers use their products on the basis of first aid, avoid jumping, squeeze, stepped on injuries, accidents. Some rescue groups, formed from the inner channel evacuation rescue personnel, if necessary, using spray gun shield. Here, the Arcade Fire Rescue and night, to bring into the internal lighting equipment. Because the use of daylighting in shopping malls, fire power, reducing the visibility of smog, rescue operations. It is important to note that deep internal search rescue of combatants, should wear a respirator, the insulating air service, personal protection, carry a good lighting equipment, if necessary, carry out demolition tools. At the same time, the erection of various fire ladder, cut back, the use of life saving bags, lifeline, decelerating, life-saving cushion, and other equipment in the implementation of the rescue; may also make use of the shopping malls of fabrics, linen made of rope.
2.4 fire tactical principles and measures
2.4.1 firefighting tactical principles
First, enable store internal fire facilities. Modernization of large shopping centres are equipped with a modern fire-fighting facilities. If the fire separation facilities (i.e. fire partitions), evacuation systems (including closed stair staircase, smoke, fire, evacuation signs, fire lighting, etc.), smoke control systems, indoor hydrant systems, automatic sprinkler systems, fire service lift, smoke, heat alarm equipment, indoor monitoring room, outdoor equipped with pump combination; built fire pump room and pool. Shenyang commercial city fire, because of internal fire facilities did not play a role in causing the fire cannot control. But commercial city-West side of 1 ~ 6 layers of security (and fire doors), when you fall off, fire, the fire did not spread to the sides of the stairs, elevator and some of the rooms. Yantai Zhenhua shopping center fire, timely command sent forces to abandon truck water to put out the fire, the combatants into three militant groups, wear closed air ventilator enters its second, third and fourth floors, fire hydrant system water fire extinguishing, fire-fighting for the whole of victory has laid a good foundation. Practice shows that the internal fire facilities are valid.
The second is adhering to the "first control, eliminate" tactical principles. Only the control successfully to achieve the aim of eradication of fire. Zhengzhou, natural building, adjacent to the building more complex fire, are facing the rescue of trapped workers also face the fire, fire control detachment served after shut-off approach to successfully fight a fire. In particular, on the fourth floor flying fire ignition on the northeast side of 35 metres shopping centre, advertising banners of the dangerous moments, timely water cannon destroys the new fire point to prevent the expansion of the disaster. Beijing is one of the four major shopping mall store from new and old buildings, the old House, a building area of 8040 square meters, the new building 8th floor, 17000 square, fighting fires, choosing the right to control the direction, with a water gun sealed to the spread of the fire main, the fire headquarters main building of the "insurance, insurance of residents, not nomy" tactical intent, finally, to keep the new building (main building), the fire was firmly in control in old buildings. However, 8040 square business area, the fire area 6020 square meters.
Third, the reasonable use of fire fighting vehicles and equipment. In view of the characteristics of a large shopping centre, fire, fire extinguishing, fire engine layout should be high, in front of the rear water use parallel method, so you can reduce the number of vehicles in front of combat vehicles, can achieve the purpose of a water gun, high-power fire tank truck pump flow rate is 60l/S, while the 6 19mm caliber gun or two above the caliber of belt 25mm frame water gun is not a problem. If a fire condition allows it, you can also play vehicle water cannon to attack the fire. Shenyang commercial city fire fighting, because of the lack of power tank car team, external attack and there is no water cannon, fire extinguishing effect of water gun.
2.4.2 extinguishing methods
One is the flexible use of tactics. When the fire did not break the doors and Windows and patio FRP outer shell is to quickly drill down internal intercept the fire. Intercept the location you want to select in the stairwell, crossing, channel based on the position of the corner. When the fire broke doors and Windows shell use water cannon in the outer curb, blockade the fire spread through the Windows and doors up layers. Strength is low, the use of upper and lower front interception, interception, interception of one side. Adequate strength, curb the siege. Natural building and store shopping center fire have adopted the tactics, and successful experience.
Second, it is necessary to adopt a combination of tactical firearms. In the face of the fire was of major shopping malls fire, make use of large diameter water cannon fire, fire-pressure down, and then use step down, eliminate water gun fires. Natural shopping center fire suppression, external attack and spent 6 door water cannon, internal tapping spent 18 pistol. Take the inner and outer clamp-down attack, attack from tactical measures to fight very successful.
Three is the supply of fire fighting equipment. Fire-fighting equipment must be supplied. Supply focuses on air respirator cylinders and spare hose. Fire fighting major shopping malls, internal life need air respirators, internal fire also need air respirator. In addition, because of the investment vehicles with multiple use of water, so you must supply a spare hose. Shenyang commercial city fire, because of the large area of glass fall, resulting in a burst of 80% of the hose was punctured, cut, causing water supply disruption, but also led to some soldiers were injured. It also presents the existing communications equipment does not meet the actual needs.
Fourth, the establishment of specific water supply organization. Fire extinguishing shopping mall, a water gun, water supply lines, heavy water. Therefore, a good fire fighting water supply is the key to a large shopping centre fire. Shenyang commercial city fires, use seven municipal fire hydrant direct, 2 municipal water hydrant and water transport, has laid 11 water supply lines, leveraging internal walls adjacent to the fire hydrant out 6 pistol. Natural commercial fire water with 19 offices successively (2 municipal fire hydrant, 3 units hydrant, 13 indoor hydrant, 1 pool), organization of water supply line 11, also organized 23 car of fetching water. Longfu Mansion is located in Beijing's water deficit zone, fire suppression, can only be called a large number of truck transport, water supply lines 13, total water 5400 tons.
3 considerations
Large shopping centres in business 3.1 during a fire, should promptly mobilized public security, transport, electricity, water and medical care and other related areas of strength to work together to deal with all aspects of the transaction.
3.2 handle fire rescue and fire fighting, fire the relationship between water supply, timely evacuation and protect the material.
3.3 to establish warning zone, maintain order, prohibit unrelated fire personnel entered the scene.
3.4 attention to safety, especially in attack fire suppression, security must be doing individual combatants.
3.5 fire, it is necessary to correctly select the water gun types, improve water technology, not blind water to reduce water losses.