【 Weak current College 】 medium and small chemical companies fire safety management-Power By 【 China power house network 】

Small and medium-sized enterprise is the production, processing and storage of chemicals, chemical products and invest less, small enterprises. Production of chemical products, raw materials, intermediates and even the product itself is flammable, explosive, corrosive, toxic substances. Production are mostly in the high temperature, low temperature, high-voltage, high-speed, toxicity, corrosion and other harsh conditions through chemical reactions and materials conveying. While the production conditions of humble, simple process, operation control conditions not strictly, security awareness, and no effective prevention measures, very prone to run, run, leakage, drops and fire and explosion. Their casualties and economic loss, the consequences of the political implications Tai has become today's Fire Department and the entire social security one of the important objects. Therefore, careful analysis of small and medium-sized enterprise fire characteristics, problems and fire cause and actively implement the fire prevention measures to control fire incidents, reduce fire losses, is the current fire safety work of an important component.
　　
First, small and medium-sized enterprise fire characteristics
　　
1. caused heavy casualties and property damage. As a result of chemical production, processing and storage of chemicals, chemical products itself highly inflammable, explosive, corrosive, and toxic, or in the event of fire, often accompanied by leakage, explosion, explosion comes alive again, more massive, solid fire points, and other forms of combustion. Not only lead to production stoppages, equipment damage, and may result in heavy casualties and difficult to restore.
　　
2. environmental pollution. Chemical in the manufacture of raw materials, products and intermediates and by-products and impurities and production of the "three wastes" emissions are industrial chemicals, toxic, corrosive. Once the leak into the atmosphere or discharged into the River in a large number of casualties and pollution of air, water resources, affect lasting, governance is difficult.
　　
3. fire-fighting and rescue difficult, causing relief casualties. Field of chemical safety accidents in general are very complex, often accompanied by combustion and explosion, the spread of fire. As a toxic gas, a serious threat to the safety of fire-fighting and rescue personnel; the corrosive substances, will burn the rescue personnel of the skin and fire-fighting and rescue equipment; building collapse occurred, causing relief casualties, serious consequences. These will give fire extinguishing and rescue work immeasurably more difficult.
　　
Second, small and medium-sized chemical enterprises of fire safety issues
　　
1, fire and acceptance procedure does not complete. Small and medium-sized chemical enterprises are mostly family-owned enterprise, enterprise production is small, the technical force is weak, enterprise managers and the legal sense, and arbitrariness. In the new, the factory changed at will, extension of the dangerous goods shop, warehouse or other facilities that are not proactive reporting and approval procedures for fire administration, which does not comply with the existing fire technical specifications of a large number of small chemical enterprises.
　　
2. production plant is not required. Such as: short-term investment rental abandoned factory production, according to the needs of the chemical process and the relevant specifications to design the structure and layout of the factory building, the fire separation, ventilation, leakage, explosion relief, fire-fighting facilities exist congenital fire hazard.
　　
3. fire protection infrastructure. The majority of small and medium-sized enterprise is missing or no fire equipment, indoor and outdoor fire water system, fire protection infrastructure. Individual enterprises while setting a water supply system, but due to the factory settings where more remote, municipal water supply network pressure cannot meet fire fighting water needs.
　　
4. corporate heavy ideological light security benefits. Corporate awareness of fire safety regulations and management systems in place, as long as the fire accident did not occur, the majority of the workplace before it will show a negative attitude, or emphasizing reason hidden rectification, or passive rectification without thoroughly.
　　
5. fire safety management is not implemented. Medium and small chemical companies to individual operators, there is no comprehensive firefighting organizations, lack of professional management personnel, resulted in fire safety management work in the open air, the prevalence of administrative hassle. Most of the enterprise to maximize economic benefits for the pursuit, in the fire safety management reduce personnel, capital investment, often is a personal and hats, and even some owners when the boss and fire safety managers, resulting in fire safety management work is virtually impossible to implement.
　　
6, practitioners without fire safety training. Medium and small chemical companies to individual operators, staff mobility, not relatively fixed, thus many practitioners fail after a fire safety training, did not understand the characteristics of chemical materials, are not familiar with the procedures and precautions, in a hurry for operation, extremely vulnerable to illegal actions caused the accident, and after the accident did not know the use of fire-fighting equipment, fire fighting and rescue means, easily lead to the formation of small fire disaster situation.
　　
7. electrical equipment selection is right. Chemical production of raw materials are flammable and explosive, reactivity and toxic, corrosive, its basic processing methods are in the reactor and other pressure vessels in mixing, acquisition and some chemical reactions, such as, decomposition of some raw materials and intermediate products are inflammable, liquid or gaseous form, very prone to leaks, some technological equipment and electrical line if you do not use explosion-proof or without explosion-proof, leak of flammable liquids or gases in case of mechanical friction or electrical spark extremely prone to fire and explosion.
　　
8, antistatic measures are not in place. Antistatic treatment is easily overlooked, the chemical production industry pipe to pipe threaded connection, chemical solvents in the pipeline and equipment movements will generate static friction and, if the static can not be timely daochu lead charge accumulation, causing the spark discharge, can cause fire and explosion.
　　
3. small and medium-sized enterprise fire cause
　　
1. raw material nature accidents. Many chemical material flammability, toxicity and reactivity determines the fire burstFried and poisoning occur frequently, pressure vessel explosion and reaction of supersonic detonation, generates destructive extremely strong shock wave.
　　
2. production process accidents. Chemical production side effects production, in a critical state, or the production of explosion limits are easy to near fire accidents.
　　
3, equipment damage caused by the explosion. Production of raw materials for corrosion, production pressure fluctuations, and production processes of mechanical vibration-induced fatigue damage of the equipment and the high temperature deep cold damage, such as pressure vessels; equipment design of unreasonable, processing defects, etc., through the production run of fatigue damage catalytic, cause the device to have easy to cause an explosion.
　　
4, the aging of accidents. Any chemical processing equipment and devices in a production run in production conditions and their own material, performance limits have a definite useful life, such as high-load of Tower tank, pressure vessels, reaction vessels, often open valve and so on, run time, you will enter a phase of multiple incidents. Particular chemical enterprise production and management, maintenance management are not in place, often sick job, once the device goes into fault-prone phase, the accident will be very difficult to control.
　　
5. operation failures caused incident. Technological complex of petrochemical enterprises, technical parameters, a high degree of automation and control, operational requirements, mishandling is also one of the reasons causing fire. Misoperation have management also has operations and the quality problems, etc.
　　
6. violation of fire accidents. Equipment maintenance often are flammable and explosive chemical plant area of welding and cutting operations, using a torch, electric drill, wheel, and so may produce flames, sparks and drink lots of temporary work surface. Violation of fire in: illegal command, fire approval is not strict; hasty fire causing fire; weak spot care; inadequate measures on site.
7, habitual violation of accidents. Workers on the operating system's operational requirements, physical and chemical properties, the process of making is not exhaustive; free; a lack of security practice of supervised on-the-job training; weak will trigger mechanism.
　　
8. electrical equipment selection misconduct of accidents. Chemical production equipment and electrical line if you do not use explosion-proof or without explosion-proof, leak of flammable liquids or gases in case of mechanical friction or electrical spark extremely prone to fire and explosion.
　　
9, electrostatic accumulation of accidents. Chemical solvents in the pipeline and equipment movements will generate static friction and, if the static can not be timely daochu lead charge accumulation, causing the spark discharge caused by fire and explosion.
　　
4. small and medium-sized enterprise fire prevention measures
　　
1. scientific planning, reasonable layout. For small and medium-sized enterprise site to consider the environment conditions, dissemination of flammable gas, vapour and combustible dust factory set position, wind direction, a safety distance, water conditions and other factors as set in the suburbs or the edge of the city, so as to reduce the occurrence of harm.
　　
2, strict factory audit and equipment selection. Small and medium-sized chemical enterprises of production powerhouse should state the relevant specifications for the design and production process, taking full account of the fire separation, ventilation, leakage, explosion relief, fire-fighting facilities, and other factors. At the same time, equipment design, selection, selection, layout and installation should comply with national norms and standards, the according to the characteristics of different technological process, choose the corresponding explosion-proof, resistant to high temperature or low temperature, corrosion resistance, meet the requirements of the material, the pressure to adopt advanced technology for manufacturing and installation, thus eliminating congenital fire hazard.
　　
3. implementation of anti-static treatment measures. Chemical production equipment shall do a static grounding. Grounding should be firm, threads connected parts when the resistance value is too large to take full advantage of the crossover, the entire production process equipment and pipeline of the grounding resistance value not greater than the specification requirements.
　　
4. strengthen the management of production equipment. Production equipment management including equipment construction and installation, run the repair and maintenance, parking system evaluation aspects. Generally speaking, after a period of operation, the high temperature, high pressure, corrosion, material will be a performance degradation, aging, welding can trigger pressure vessels and pipe explosion accidents. In addition to doing a production system of safety evaluation, anticipate device accidents during arrival time, timely repair system defects.
　　
5. strict fire approval, combined with preventive measures. In flammable and explosive chemical plant area of welding and cutting jobs, often have to use a torch, electric drill, wheel, and so may produce flames, sparks and drink surface, so it must be strict fire program. Fire programs include: demolition took off, isolation, cloaking, clean, clean replacement, check approval, security test explosion, standardized job, eight out of the outlet.
　　
6. strengthen education and training, accident scenarios. Small and medium-sized enterprise practitioners to ensure that relative stability, enterprises and workers to strict disciplinary actions to develop and strict implementation of the technology practice, to full fire safety knowledge and training, special post security practice for training and certificates, disposal incident training, to develop accident emergency plan and exercises to improve workers ' quality level and production skills, improve their incident in the State of preparedness.
　　
7. strengthen technical precautions to avoid any possible mistakes. Common and widely used in small chemical enterprises of fire safety equipment: flame devices, such as security solution, water wells, arrestors, check valves, fire valves, etc., whose role is to prevent intrusion into the equipment, pipelines or prevent flames in between extensions; explosion pressure relief devices, such as safety valve and bursting disc (ex tablets), vent pipes, installed in pressure vessels, piping and other production equipment, blood pressure explosion-proof role play; Mars arrester, installed in the production of equipment and devices to Mars to prevent sparks fly out ignite combustibles; automatic probe for detection of combustible gas concentration, temperature, Smoke, etc., when more than a certain value (concentration), automatic alarm, start interlock device automatically stop and start the automatic fire fighting facilities, operations, rapid fire in a timely manner.
　　
8, strict administrative law enforcement, fire fighting and fire hazards of rectification. Fire departments for small chemical enterprises enhance building fire design review, and acceptance of the work, eliminating hazards at source. To strengthen supervision and checks, especially in the hot season, fire-prone season, major festivals and holidays of supervision and inspection, and actively involved in fire hazard of rectification. To highlight the case processing on the legal representative of accountability, strengthen the stop "and hidden units tracking supervision, effectively prevent penalties generation change, is not changed, hidden in the question. On the risk of serious and cannot be rectified and small chemical companies to implement "off, stopped, and, go".
　　
In short, medium and small chemical companies inflammable, gas medium complexity, must not be lulled and lucky negligence only keep pace with the times and keep exploring, can we truly grasp small chemical enterprises fire prevention, targeted, diligently prepared work, minimizing the occurrence probability of fire and explosion, ensure safety and stability.