【 Weak current College 】 high-rise buildings of automatic fire alarm system design

As China's economic construction of rapid development, people's living standards, increasing tension of urban land use, building is moving in a tall, dense and direction. Such tall buildings of decoration materials and methods are increasingly diverse, with the load and increase of gas consumption, and automatic fire alarm system design more and more demanding requirements. To ensure the safety of people's lives and property, automatic fire alarm system design has become a top civil architecture design in the most important part of design. Pursuant to the authors of the tall building fire alarm system design experience in project management, existing national standards and norms in some of the less-specific details, for colleagues to discuss and corrected.
1. design basis of automatic fire alarm system design is a professional strong technical work, but also has a strong policy. Therefore, first clear the following design basis:
1, to master the architectural design fire protection standard, system design specifications, equipment standards, installation acceptance and administrative regulations, etc. five fire regulations and practical understanding of the existing national standards and norms in positive terms: "must," "should," "should," "may," and negative word: "no," "should," "may," "inappropriate," meaning.
2, to tall buildings function, use and protection of objects of fireproof grade, seriously the implementation of existing national standards and specifications, take seriously public security Fire Department's approval.
Second, the automatic fire alarm system of the device settings
1. fire detector settings open or closed or stairs should be a separate division of the detection area, and every other 2 ~ 3 layer sets a fire detector. The former rooms (including smoke stairs room, fire before the elevator room, fire the elevator and the stairs combined smoke control room) and walkways should be a separate division of the detection area, especially the front room and elevator shafts, evacuation staircases and passageways, fires in the flue gas flow more easily gather or is evacuation and fire suppression only, it should be installed with fire detectors. General elevator room though not only to evacuation, but the front room and elevator shafts, fires in the flue gas flow is also easy to gather or preferably a separate division of the detection area and installation of fire detectors. Cable shaft it is easy to remove smoke formation of channel; when the fire is not easy to fire along the cable yanran, to this end, the "senior civil building design fire protection standard" and "civil construction electrical design specifications" in architecture and in the selection of wire or cable on the more specific provisions. But consider the practical implementation of difficulty and the status quo, cable shaft installed with fire detectors are very necessary, and to meet the requirements of shaft of fireproofing, every 2 to 3 layers or install one on each floor.
Elevator room should be equipped with fire detectors and an elevator is important for vertical transport; second elevator room there is a risk of fire; third, the existence of the necessary elevator shaft hole, such as layer door hole, vents, and elevator machine room or pulley between permanent openings; the fourth in the event of a fire, the elevator shafts tend to be spread, easy threat elevator room facilities. To this end, the elevator room set fire detectors is necessary, at the top of the elevator shaft is also desirable set fire detectors.
2, manual fire alarm button settings
For each floor of the former rooms (including smoke stairs room, fire before the elevator room, fire the elevator and the stairs with smoke room) is a fire evacuation and fire suppression, which must be taken as the set manual fire alarm button for your preferred location.　　In addition, the elevator room in General should also be set manually fire alarm button. In public places (including Hall, Hall, dining room, multi-function room, etc.) and the main channel, etc., who are very concentrated, and is the main passageway. It should be in the public places of the main entrances and manual fire alarm button; in the main channel settings, manual fire alarm button guarantee "from a fire anywhere within a partition to the adjacent one manual fire alarm button should not be greater than the distance 30 m".
3, fire, emergency broadcast speaker settings
Corridors, Hall, dining room and other public places are very concentrated, and is the main passageway. It should be in the public press "from a fire in any part of the partition to a recent speaker distance not greater than 25 m" and "the last speakers within the aisle to aisle end distance should not be greater than 12.5 m" set fire emergency radio speakers; second place in a public toilet should set fire emergency radio speakers.
The former rooms (including smoke stairs room, fire before the elevator room, fire the elevator and the stairs with smoke room) is a fire evacuation and fire fighting Chungkang and fire door separates and vocal, it should set zaoza fire emergency radio speakers. General elevator room should also be set fire emergency radio speakers. Evacuation staircases is a fire evacuation and fire fighting Chungkang and vocal zaoza, it should set the fire emergency radio speakers in order to facilitate the fire emergency broadcast evacuation instructions.
4, fire alarm settings
Setting fire emergency broadcast of automatic fire alarm system, the author believes it should also be equipped with fire alarms, but their control procedures should be: fire alarm devices shall be confirmed, with manual or automatic control mode unified on fire-related regional send alerts, within the prescribed period of time to stop the alarm installation, rapid response fire emergency broadcasting and to the people playing evacuation instructions.
Fire alarms settings location that should be of the manual fire alarm button, its wall installation height should be a distance ground 1.8 m.
5, fire special telephony settings
Installation of fire dedicated telephone extensions, should be located and fire control-related and often someone on duty room (including the fire pump room, standby generator room, equipped with electric room, the main ventilation and air conditioning room, smoke machine, fire elevator machine room and other), fire control system operation device or control rooms, fire room, Office, and other parts of the defence. Fire powerLadder and normal elevator of the cabin are should be set within a private phone, required elevator machine room and elevator, elevator machine room and fire control room, elevator car and fire control rooms are composed of reliable intercom communication phone system. Usually in fire control rooms; elevator monitoring displays disc set (including location indicators, direction indicator lights, intercom communication phone, fault led, etc.) in order to lift the operational status of the monitoring and control of the emergency cases. Equipped with manual fire alarm button, fire hydrant button location should also be equipped with fire-dedicated phone plug hole.
3. fire control
1. fire control should include control fire pump start-up and shutdown, and restart the pump button should be displayed in the location and the fire pump and a failed State. Fire hydrant is equipped with a fire hydrant button, its working parts of electrical installations should display the status of work of fire pumps (that is, the set of indicators of fire pumps).
2. fire control should include control of water-jet and water-spray extinguishing system start-up and shutdown, and should show the fire pump work and fault status and flow indicator, alarm valve, safety valve. In addition, the water tank, water tanks of water level monitoring should also be displayed; to prevent and repair signal valve is closed, the authors believe that should be used with electrical signals control signal valve to display its open.
3. fire control of other control and display functions, you should do the existing national standards and norms of specific provisions.
4. automatic fire alarm system wiring
To prevent fire, fire control, communications, and alert line break, so that the fire-fighting work can be done, resulting in greater economic loss; also for electromagnetic interference suppression (such as transformers, motors, cables, etc.) on automatic fire alarm system. Automatic fire alarm system of transmission lines and fire control, communications, and alert line should adopt flame-retardant cable, and should adopt the metal pipe or closed trunkings protection. Fire manual direct control line should be fire-resistant type cable, the cable should be a metal pipe or closed trunkings protection. Adopt the downlead, shall, to the metal pipe or closed trunkings on fire protection measures.
5. concluding remarks
According to the specific project implementation experience, explains the design basis, automatic fire alarm system of device settings, fire control and routing and design practical problems pulling some humble opinion, the aim is to raise the fire alarm system design quality, early detection and notification of a fire, preventing and reducing fire danger, to protect the personal and property safety.