【 Weak current College 】 City fire detection and alarm and fire communication and new technologies

Microelectronics technology, detection sensor technology, communications and networking technologies and the rapid development, promote city fire detection and alarm and fire communication technology has undergone changes. Its main characteristics are reflected in: fire detection and alarm time ahead, fire detection and alarm reliability improvement, special places for fire detection and alarm, fire detection and alarm system of networked, fire control, intelligence, fire communication network technologies and computer alarm command management. This article discusses the many side city fire detection and alarm and fire communication technology development situation and main problems, while at the same time raised the fire prediction, more information fire detection sensor, a new concept.
City fire detection and alarm and fire communication and new technology is a research and solve after fire ignition and fire problem a science. With minimal overhead and achieve reliable fire detection and alarm, and can make fire losses to a minimum, the fire detection and alarm pursuit of an important performance indicators and in-depth study of the challenges. To this end, the people through multiple channels of city fire detection and alarm and fire communication technology. It is related to optics, electronics and sensor technology, information processing technology, control theory, logic, network science, computer technology, combustion theory, producing integrated applications.
Fire detection and alarm time ahead
Some special places where important units and computer centre, power dispatching centres, telecommunications hub, and text archives news, semiconductor production, nuclear power plant, the production in the national economy and social life are essential. In these places in a variety of electrical and electronic equipment, instruments and meters highly concentrated and in long-running status, electrical overload, overheat, short circuit, fire hazard, in the event of fire would give States cause major economic losses, to a significant impact on society; and flammable and explosive place in case of fire and explosion suppression in a timely manner, it would be difficult. In view of the importance of these places and particularity, common types of heat and smoke detection and alarm system is not able to meet your needs, you must use the high-tech early fire detection and alarm.
Some developed countries on the early fire detection and alarm technology research and product development very seriously. As early as the 1980s, Japan, the United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany, Australia and other countries have begun for the areas of technology research and product development, research and development of a laser type high sensitive smoke detector, suction type high sensitive fire detection and alarm system and gas fire detection and alarm system, super early fire detection and alarm products. These systems use laser particle counting principle, laser scattering theory monitor protected space in the unit volume increase in the number of particles to determine the possibility of a fire, the fire before the hours or days, identify potential fire risk, achieve Super early fire alarm. And smoke detection and alarm system, this system of detection sensitivity improves the two orders of magnitude or more. But at present, this technology is also limited to smoke particle detection, in the application or in varying degrees by the application environment.
Use of gases and gas composition on fire early stage products or constitute the elements of fire for detection of fire detection technology research and early fire detection another promising research areas. Experts believe that the study early fire detection technology, the fire detection and alarm into fire detection and alarm and fire prediction in two stages, explore new approaches and concepts, use new concepts boot technology, will more effectively promote early fire detection technology development.
A special place for fire detection and alarm and fire detection sensor technology
Flammable and explosive place once the explosion fire, the fire spread very quickly, it is difficult to control, people development for this specialized in fire and explosion, from combustible gas density in failure and fire and explosion risk, forecast of flammable gas detection alarm system. It uses the principles of optics, the use of different spectral characteristics of the different gas for gas concentration detectable and fundamentally resolve the points of combustible gas sensing element poor stability, life is short, and so on shortcomings, for large flammable gas detection alarm, high-performance price comparison, the principle also extended to other places gas leakage monitoring.
However, the current special places fire detection and alarm is also limited to a fixed form of research, for moving dangerous goods and chemical disaster prediction and detection of related research is still in the empty stage.
Fire detection and alarm system reliability improvement
Fire detection and alarm system reliability improvement first reflected in the use of intelligent technology processing sensor provides information of fire. People use a variety of fire detection and composite multiple sensing sensor for judgment fire provides a more full and reliable information.
(A) fire detectors feature updates
Modern fire detectors of the greatest features of discriminant function and judgment to decide not only the separation from the concept, but in practice has performed separately. Early identification and determination of decision combined, by setting the detector sensor parts, thus addressing issues of rigid and susceptible to interference. And a modern fire detection sensor distinguishing features and the judgment decision by software control, able to filter out interference and identify genuine and fake fire, improve system reliability, fire smart judgment judgment.
In addition, fuzzy logic, neural networks and other high-tech identification for fire, can greatly improve the reliability of the fire detection. Some fire control equipment, and even control module also began with smart features, its discriminant function more subdivision, two-level (or multiple) discrimination, to increase the fire detection and alarm system performance and reliability.
(2) more information technologies
Early stage of fire detectors for fire information is output information "0" or "1" switch quantity, other information is only around reflect switch is normal, the possibility of actions, etc. While modern fire detector is on fire process monitoring, some detectors in essence only plays the role of the sensor. Therefore, the amount of its fireIncreased significantly. On the other hand, a variety of single sensor provides information of fire are mixed non-fire, the fire from the sensor provides information on increasing the difficulty of distinguishing fire, people began to study the principle based on a novel detection sensors (such as gas sensors, etc.) and composite probes on fire monitoring of multiple parameters, with intelligent identification technology to reduce false positives, the purpose of improving the reliability.
Subtle features of identification is the angle from the provision of information to identify a method to fire. Use of single-chip microcomputer intelligent fire detector, you can break the sampling by controllers control of passive, active gets for distinguishing fire parameters very important subtle information.
Fire detection and alarm system of assessment
20th century 90 's, fire detection and alarm industry development very rapidly, engaged in fire detection and alarm products production enterprise has more than 100, the annual output of up to several tens of billion yuan, has become an integral part of the high-tech industry, a large number of foreign products or enter our market. China's annual construction in a new installation of fire detectors of about 200 million, of which approximately 80 per cent with fire detection intelligent fire detection and alarm system products. Because this type of system is implemented according to the detection algorithm on the judgment of fire, the fire detection algorithm to determine the validity of the system performance. In the existing technical conditions, it remains difficult to control them on such products fire detection algorithm in the complex and ever-changing environmental conditions and long run performance assessment and testing, you can only use standard fire detection and alarm system of inspection methods on high-intelligent fire alarm products, inspection, constraints on its effectiveness.
At present, China's fire detection and alarm system mainstream products for intelligent fire alarm products. To fuzzy logic and artificial neural network technology as the foundation of fire detection intelligent algorithms are gradually applied in fire detection and alarm system, improvement of amendments, and the algorithm validation, etc. are needed to evaluate fire detection algorithm. However, the fire detection algorithm assessment technology is a complex system engineering, and technology, investment, research and development cycle, and many other reasons, there is no science, systematically conducted this research work, serious constraints our fire detection and alarm industry product and quality inspection of technical progress, also affects our fire detection and alarm product technology and related product market competition ability improves.
Fire detection and alarm system of networked
Fire detection and alarm system network is the computer data communication technologies applied to the fire detection and alarm system, so that the controllers or probes, between internal systems and external system between over network protocols to Exchange data information, the realization of automatic fire alarm system-level feature set, remote data calls management, automatic alarm, network monitoring and network communication services, and other functions. Network of automatic fire alarm system development direction, and it can solve large, oversized fire engineering control point more, automatic alarm difficult issues.
In order to fire detection and alarm system for effective management, fully play its role, the fire detection and alarm system for network monitoring and management is very important. These products and technologies has ripe and practical engineering applications, to good effect. However, the manufacturers of fire detection and alarm system of communication protocol are independent, there is no uniform format, is not conducive to promoting fire detection and alarm system development. Therefore, with the fire detection and alarm system networking development demand, the network protocol will become one of the focuses of attention.
Fire communication computer management
Fire communications is the city's public infrastructure and social security system. Our fire communication command system, is based on our research and development of the actual situation. It utilizes computer application technology, will fire the command center, fire station, fire and safety inspection unit 4 links of major technology and equipment. Fire communications command system centralized handling of fire alarm, direct release tasks, instead of the normal telephone alarm modes, and increases the computer aided decision making and scientific management, reduce call fire plan, determine driving directions, and other firefighting command information response time, the fire and standardized filing procedures.
The system monitoring devices receive automatic fire alarm signal, can real-time display alarm ' calling number, user name, address, and other related information, there are several ways to quickly determine the fire place, the timely provision of fire stations in geography graphics and best route, while the corresponding display near the fire station of fire power and other fire-fighting capability. The system can also be under fire category, fire level, fire power, meteorological geographical environment, fire-fighting and rescue tactical technology and other related factors for automatic and manual preparation of joint programmes, were to give out a fire station, greatly improving the efficiency of fire suppression operations.
Fire communication and network technology
Fire communications networking technology is an important foundation for fire communications. The last century, 70, 80 's fire communication is wireless communications equipment to fire the main form, and the modern communication networks fire communication by Wired, wireless devices and computer components, integrated fire communication network, its content and complexity has undergone tremendous change.
Some developed countries in fire communication command system construction, the use of geographic information technologies, database technologies, digital program-controlled technology, digital signal processing technology, automation technology, satellite positioning technology, image transfer technology, voice processing technology, expert system network technology and other modern high-tech, improving the system of scientific degree of automation. China's current development of urban fire communication and command systems also have the technical capabilities of fundamental or have a corresponding interface, step by step a city disaster prevention and integration systems.
Application of simulation technology
Simulation technology as a new application technology in many important areas. Fire-fighting operational command simulation training and simulation, analysis, development of fire-fighting operational plans, training with a modern fire fighting qualities of officers, enhance fire extinguishing efficiency with veryAs important. Currently, suitable for the fire field simulation system in the world or blank, our country should be considered in conjunction with national conditions set corresponding human, material and financial resources to carry out such studies.