【 Weak current College 】 closed stair staircase with smoke fire safety check---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Closed stair staircase with smoke fire safety check
First, the issues raised
On building evacuation facilities inspection is fire safety check of an important content, building evacuation facilities is the basic condition for fire safety, and guarantee the residents and staff safe evacuation in the fire, the fire-fighting personnel guarantee to fight the implementation of the work. On evacuation facilities of closed stair and smoke stairway check should cause our full attention. "Familiar with no glimpse of the" we usually check in often overlook this aspect of the content. 25 December 2000 Eastern market fire in Luoyang, death 309, all of whom died due to smoke, smoke-free facilities stairs, evacuation staircases is locked block, is the tragedy of the main reasons. It fully illustrates the evacuation facilities in fire safety role. Second, the specification is based at present, many buildings for fire safety evacuation staircases, in accordance with the law and the doctrine of jiangui, generally there is a lot of problems, performance should be set at: stairways and closed smoke stairway building out of specification requirements, many built in the 1980s are no high-rise building set closed stair staircase and smoke. Not long ago on the province of central hospital ward building fire inspection found that the more than 500 beds in a high-rise building, with elevator with the stairs in front of the room to smoke outside staircase, the remaining staircases are the open type stairs, even closed stairs are not. Risk serious shocking. First, let's look at what is enclosed stairway: closed staircase is separated by a fire-resistant building elements, can prevent smoke and heat into the stairwell. Level of fire resistance rating of the staircase, the combustion properties of building elements and fire resistance is not burning body 3.00 hour fire resistance rating, two stairways, building elements is not burning body 2.50 hours. Enclosed stairway doors should be a two-way Spring door, tall buildings and senior industrial buildings of closed stair door should be opened in the direction to the evacuation of class b fire doors. Under the doctrine of jiangui "and the" requirements, the following should be set close staircase: 1, building height no more than 24 m in hospitals, nursing homes in the ward building and are equipped with air conditioning system of the hotel and over five levels of other public building indoor staircases (including the underlying extended closure of stairs). 2, building height not exceeding 32 m tall industrial buildings (factories, Treasury). 3, a, b and c production plant. 4, building height not exceeding 32 m of the second class of tall buildings (residential unit). 5, 12-to 18-storeyed. 11 layers and layers of 11 may not set below the stairs closed, but open doors to stairways shall be class b fire doors and staircases should rely on the exterior walls, and can direct daylight and natural ventilation. 6, 11 and 11 layer following tonglangshi residential. 7, high-rise buildings of the podium. 8, garage, garage Interior staircases. 9, local civil defense works to second floor and the second layer, ground floor and ground entrance ground height difference of not more than 10 metres cinema, Auditorium, when; building area is not more than 500 square meters of hospitals, hotels, construction area of not more than 1000 square metres of shopping malls, restaurants, exhibition halls, public entertainment, sports facilities, etc. On the closure of the staircase: setting requirements 1, staircase should rely on the wall and can direct daylight and natural ventilation, when cannot be provided by smoke staircase. 2, high-rise buildings enclosed stairway doors should be class b fire door, and opened to the evacuation of the direction and can automatically reset, over 5 floors of multi-storey buildings enclosed stairway can use can stop smoke doors of bi-directional. 3, the first floor stairs immediately main export, aisle and hallway, etc. included in broadening stairs, formation of closed stair, but should use class b fire doors, fire precautions and other corridors and room. Let's take a look at some stairs of smoke: smoke staircase is the front room with smoke and smoke control installations and buildings use space-separated stairs. Compared with the enclosed stairway to and use of space-separated this is the same, more smoke in front of the room and smoke control installations both conditions, so the smoke conditions of use stairs than closed tight staircase.
Under the doctrine of jiangui "and the" requirements for setting up smoke stairs building are: 1, a class of tall buildings. 2. in addition to the unit and tonglangshi residential buildings of over 32 m in the second category of tall buildings. 3. Tower of tall buildings. 4, more than 11 storey tonglangshi architecture. 5, 19-storey 19th floor and more modular architecture. 6, construction height exceeding 32 meters and each layer of more than 10 senior powerhouse. 7, building height more than 32 m high-rise parking indoor staircases. 8, defense project when the underlying indoor terrace and outdoor export ground height difference is greater than 10 metres cinema, Hall: building area of more than 500 square meters of hospitals, hotels, construction area of more than 1000 square metres of shopping malls, restaurants, exhibition halls, public entertainment, sports facilities, etc. On smoke staircase settings requirements: 1, stairway entrance should be set before room, balcony or concave Gallery. 2, the former room area: for public buildings should not be less than 6 square meters; and the first fire elevator and room should not be less than 10 square meters. For living space should not be less than 4.5 square meters; and the fire service lift combined with front rooms should be not less than 6 square meters. Defence should not be less than 10 square meters. 3, front room and stairs of class b fire door should open evacuation direction. 4. smoke before the Interior stairs of prohibiting the use of combustible or flammable materials decoration, forbid any furniture items. 5, should set a fire emergency lighting. 3. inspection of fire hazards in the past the fire safety inspection and supervision, we closed on evacuation facilities preventing smoke stairs and staircases of check often found on the following issues, become the building fire safety hazards: 1, number of high-rise buildings prevailing in combination with the elevator room staircase staircase is smoke, but also of staircases is open typeStaircase or enclosed stairway, failure to meet regulatory requirements, this is a common fire risks, huge and rectification also exist many difficulties. 2, smoke stairs closed front room and interior walls of the staircase on the subject in the same opening to the public sidewalk evacuation doors should not be opened in other room doors and Windows. Now before the Interior stairs and often found with water, flammable material storage room, non-closed elevator shaft and other pipeline well opening, combustible gas pipeline, a, b, c, and other hazards by liquid pipelines. 3, staircase effect evacuation in the bumps, furniture, billboards and pile up incidentals, etc. 4. gas pipeline as must level through the staircase should adopt reliable protection measures. Check in: there is no metal casing, not over the wall blocking, located in staircases, tables, and so the valve.
5, some large hotels, hotels in the bottom of the stairs of layers is not in conformity with the provisions of the safe evacuation of the stairs, there is no set closed stair staircase and smoke, but several layers mostly hotels, hotel in public places or shared space, Atrium, is the safe evacuation of the most important part is the entire building evacuation Chungkang. Buildings》 regulations: public building entrance hall of the main staircase, if not included in the total evacuation width can not set up the stairs, you should perform the specification requirements. Now the situation is very common, and is the major building evacuation. 6. closure of staircases and smoke stairway entrance door shall set up secure export evacuation of LEDs, check most of the smoke was found in the stairwell and closed the entrance stairs is not set; staircases floors slowly platform layer number of signs should be provided. 7, smoke fire stairs and elevator and room to have prior warning signs, fire is strictly forbidden to use fire evacuation elevators. 8, closed stairway b fire doors and smoke stairway in front of the room door, staircase doors more than two sectors (including two fans) should be set in camera order, prevent fires fireproof door close, to close and smoke effect. Current fire doors is not installed in camera order is a universal phenomenon. (Multi-storey buildings enclosed stairway doors using bi-directional, may not). 9, high-rise buildings podium of stairs, the past does not clear, as with the main general requirements for smoke stairs are specification allows use of enclosed stairway (but not direct daylight and natural ventilation should be set as the profection staircase). Check found in the stairwell of the annex is not in conformity with the norms set open staircase is pervasive. 10, enclosed stairway of fire doors in escape direction, should have at least one metre wide platform above 4, prevent evacuation when the door opened, and rolled down from the staircase. Now many buildings in the open stairs staircase for rectification and closed, could not have qualified buffer platform, formed a new insecurities. 11, closed staircases should have emergency lighting and evacuation instructions, we examine in detail, and be able to meet these requirements very few stairs. 12, staircase to the smoke of pressurized air checks should note the location at the top of the front room; fire valve on the pipeline should be valid well to prevent fire, pipeline failure due to fire safety valve will smoke spread to smoke inside the staircase. 13, enclosed stairway and smoke stairway stair width are of 1.1 m. There are many stairs width is not enough, even high-rise telecommunications building of TV you have this vulnerability. 14. check the scissors stairs, you should be aware of the following question: should the staircase to smoke; bench applied between 1 hour fire resistance is greater than wall separated entities, scissors staircases should set the front room, do have difficulty establishing a front room, two stairs should be located pressurization system. There is a loophole in the wall or connectivity problem, will affect positive pressure air pressure and smoke effects. 15 examination found that building evacuation corridor leads to the front door of the room with adopting class b fire door, but instead uses the fire shutter, it will seriously affect the stair evacuation functions, is a serious fire hazard. 16 revised "architectural design fire protection standard, increased evacuation Assistant lighting terms, this is a mandatory provision. Must be reflected in the architectural design, increase the reliability of fire evacuation. Not in the original design, seriously. Check in: very few buildings evacuation staircases satisfy this requirement. IV. closing fire evacuation facilities closed stair staircase and smoke, fire evacuation and fire suppression work that provides security features, you must have, in the weekdays to be kept in such good order, effective State to ensure that fire safety requirements. "1", and using the yangbingqianri usually must constantly maintain, repair, must be clear lines of responsibility and periodically check tests guarantee good effect. To promote people familiar with the facility features, learn to use essentials. Fire inspection officer on building security check, be sure to carefully check the fire evacuation facilities, eliminate the "blind" or "careless". Especially for old buildings should note that found vulnerabilities in a timely manner. Gathering place of personnel, public entertainment venues, as well as hospitals, schools, hotels, and other key units equipped with smoke staircase stairs closed collection building. To explicitly position responsibilities, management personnel are proficient in the use of evacuation facilities, in exceptional circumstances the correct boot evacuation, play a role in the evacuation facilities. Reference documents: the architectural design of the fire code for the high-level civil building design fire protection standard "about the author: Qian Ying bin: fire brigade in Liaoning province teaches senior engineer.