【 Weak current College 】 "triple play" building fire causes and countermeasures---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Along with the deepening of reform and opening up and socio-economic development, increasing individual and private economic activity, "three in one" building booming, resulting in the fire safety issues very prominent group of dead injury malignant fire accident occurred from time to time. 19 May 2006, Guangdong Shantou Chaoyang area gurao town Grand weaving co., Ltd underwear processing workshop fire, killing 13 people were killed, 1 injured. 10 August 2006, Kunming Guandu district koitabashi town a sofa seat machining workshop fire, killing 10 people were killed, 2 injured. 14 September 2006, huzhou wuxing Zhili town business district children's Gospel building fire, killing 15 people dead. 21 October morning, huzhou wuxing district Zhili town Ankang No.137, an unlicensed individual children's wear processing point in case of fire, the fire area is approximately 600 square meters, which resulted in 8 fatalities, three were injured. The author through the summary of Fujian Province "triple play" building fire hazard control, analysis of the "triple play" formation of the building, fire risk and regulation more difficult, on how to eliminate "triple play" buildings for fire hazards exist.
　　
First, the "triple play" architecture definition
　　
Under the FPPA People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the fire service law), the "triple play" the building is equipped with the shop or warehouse buildings set employee dormitories. In my view, the definition of "triple play" architecture should contain three elements: 1, production, Stockpiling, staff accommodations, living functions of production of the "triple play" building; 2, in the market place of the "three in one"; 3, accommodation 6 person over the family workshop; 4, development of business "three in one" (with various shopping street, the pedestrian street, the characteristic industry Street, etc.), the number of single-family residential building is less than 6 people, families and households are separated between the separate requirements of the building fire safety; 5 employees in collective accommodation in sauna, singing, dance halls and other entertaining establishments.
　　
Second, the "triple play" the cause of architecture
　　
(1) the "triple play" building is in the process of economic and social development of the special products of a specific time period. "Three in one" building business start-up, mostly live in the dwelling factories engaged in the production and operation, fragmented and now the family at the enterprise has become the main economic entities on the ground. Enterprises in the development of the initial operating capital, production is small, you can only do the most basic of productive investment, the inability to build or lease standard workshop and independent staff quarters. According to statistics, only HANJIANG district Hangzhou market town formed 927 home "triple play" enterprise.
　　
(2) to focus on the development of economy at the expense of fire safety, lead to the "triple play" the formation of the building. Some of the local government at the expense of fire safety at the cost of the one-sided emphasis to improve the investment environment, objectively condone some enterprises new, expanded and reconstructed buildings, not according to the national technical specifications relating to fire protection requirements, building nor the statutory procedures according to the report Fire Department audit, inspection, not from the sources to effectively control the formation of the fire hazard.
　　
(3) functional supervision is missing, causing the "triple play" the formation of the building. Most of the "triple play" architecture is a village (c) the nature of the people use residential change form, especially in rural areas, rural and urban, some villages people their own housing, private rental or recruitment formation present production, the "triple play" architecture. Due to the construction period, the laws and regulations, the Government and relevant departments for supervision, not form a situation similar to the production and operation of the unit of mass and orderly development.
　　
(4) on the "triple play" the lack of awareness of the dangers of architecture, has contributed to the building of the "three in one". "Three in one" building to persistent root cause lies in the fact that the community, including the relevant departments and the broad masses of the people did not realize that the "three in one" building not only a violation of the fire safety requirements, it allowed to change the behavior of the architectural use function also violated the provisions for the management of the building use. At the same time, the employee dormitories and storing a large number of combustibles or even harm the health of hazardous chemicals in workshops, warehouses and concrete, is a violation of labour safety and health, the Labour Protection Act.
　　
Third, the "triple play" construction of fire risk
　　
"Three in one" building business with investment of small, small, small, personnel, plant density, fire hazard characteristics, in the event of fire, it is easy to result group dead injury. The main fire risk can be summarized as follows:
　　
(1) the "triple play" building has many structural fire hazard. Since many of the "triple play" architecture without planning sector planning, fire departments design review and final acceptance, the building itself exists planning layout is not reasonable, fire prevention, evacuation distance less than poor, lack of fire-fighting facilities and so on, in the event of fire, it is difficult to effectively control, often causing small fire disaster. There are "three in one" for building the House, its production and management structures are largely dominated by brick wood, masonry, the fire resistance is low, there is a fire prone to collapse. Accommodation, warehouse, production and use rooms separated without fire between, most used for evacuation staircases, channel, there is only one exit, and stairs are generally not closed, it does not set the appropriate evacuation signage and lighting fires, do not have a safe evacuation.
　　
(2) production management units are labour-intensive enterprises, there is a fire evacuation difficult. Enterprise production and management required raw materials and finished products are chemical products, leather and other flammable and combustible materials, the fire danger and fire will give off CO, HCN, SO2, NO2, and other toxic fumes, human aspiration can cause headache, shortness of breath, intoxicated, causing the reaction and ability to act, cannot be evacuated, or even poisoned to death.
　　
(3) fire safety management chaos induced fire factors. "Three in one" building enterprises, owners and staff awareness of fire prevention, fire safety is not provenManagement system. Some enterprises to use effective space, often in the workshop full of machines, raw materials and products in the shop corner, set on the channel, which separates the staff quarters, building materials and wood, plywood, bulian, fuel, no reservation necessary evacuation channels, not to mention workshops, warehouses, dormitories, and other functions. Some enterprises in the construction of stairs, Windows, Office, equipped with fixed iron fence, security net, Fe lock, in the event of fire, the serious impact of escape and rescue personnel. Some enterprises electric wiring is not normative, but due to production, life needs, kept, unbridled temporary chaos, chaos, any installation, use the electric appliances, electrical overload, wire and aging phenomenon seriously damaged. Some enterprises in the workshop with a stove, liquefied petroleum gas for cooking, water heating, smoking a perm bucket throw misplaces unsafe use of fire power everywhere.
　　
(4) practitioners oneselk skills. "Three in one" architecture of the enterprise staff mobility, and security awareness. Many employees for posts before and after are not accept formal safety education and training, generally lack the necessary fire safety knowledge and basic skills of fire-fighting, evacuation, fire resistance, extremely easy to cause panic, the fire cannot be in early stage, resulted in a timely and effective disposal of small fire recipe for disaster.
　　
IV. the "triple play" building renovation of difficulty analysis
　　
(1) some owners no rectification. "Three in one" enterprise over a period of free development, most of the industry has become a mainstay of the local economy and the main source of the masses, to regulate and limit, some government officials and people do not understand, there are the owners of the luck mental and confrontation.
　　
(2) the "triple play" phenomenon easily resurgence. There is a "triple play" during the renovation of enterprises, the workers moved out of temporary shelters, and moving back after treatment. Some of the "triple play" building business units very subtle, produce many undocumented operating small workshop, long-term government departments of supervision. There are "three in one" phenomenon with production and sales of cyclical and seasonal, formation, when production is not the natural elimination of production, regulatory investigation difficult.
　　
(3) it is difficult to rectify existing standards by country. "Three in one" architectural structure, General layout, public fire-fighting, fire spacing, evacuation, and so on, in accordance with the existing technical specifications for the rectification of the fire is very difficult. "Three in one" phenomenon in many private economy developed region, huge volumes prevailed, if close to the law on local security, stability and economic development greatly influence the Government and related departments concerned about.
　　
(4) renovation work absence of strong legal support. Under the FPPA and the fire technical specifications of the relevant provisions of the "triple play" the complete elimination of architectural requirements. Currently, most only through the transitional measures to reduce the "triple play" building occurred group dead fire accident injury, can not meet the requirements of the existing legal norms. In this sense, the administrative law enforcement Department undertakes certain administrative and legal liability risk. In addition, existing laws and regulations on the "triple play" enterprises such violations of legal provisions on the liability is not clear, legal measures lack operability, deterrent force is not strong. In the regulation of electricity, water, seal, and other means a lack of sufficient legal basis, in the event of litigation and other legal disputes, administrative law enforcement department to provide strong evidence.
　　
(5) the employment effects of inadequate treatment. The Fire Department is the main force of renovation work, organization and coordination, technical guidance, to rely on the fire department. At present, the daily fire inspection, Fire Administration approval, fire investigation services work extremely heavy, limited police powers to a great extent influenced the renovation work.
　　
Fifth, the "triple play" building renovation
　　
Resolve the "triple play" architectural issues, should "respect history and face reality, focusing on development" principle, "Government leadership, sector collaboration, shudu medicine, symptoms, comprehensive management" approach.
　　
1, government leadership is a prerequisite for the special regulation. "Three in one" building renovation work should adhere to the Government under unified leadership. A regulation is in force, to be set up by the principal leaders at all levels of Government as group leader, in charge of related functions as members of the leadership group, drawn from the sector professionals, scientific research institutions technicians relatively fixed working group, the specific organization of the special regulation; the second is in the treatment of funds, the financial allocation of special funding for the renovation work agencies set up the daily work, special award and employ social expertise; the third is in renovation policy to government documents in the form of special treatment policy measures, make up for in the regulation of standards, coercive measures, the problem of insufficient legal basis. At the same time, building renovation work performance regularly review, Awards-best punishing bad and work responsibility system to supervise and control the implementation of the spur.
　　
2, in conjunction with the implementation of shudu corrective measures. "Three in one" building regulation neither simple "off, stopped, seal" or uncontrolled faire development. Renovation work to safeguard both from "fire safety and services for economic development", shudu, step-by-step, through the transitional measures to address the "triple play" building fire group dead injury problems. First, the Government launched the Enterprise Unified building external staff dormitory, or leased with basic security conditions unused housing, "three in one" building personnel transfer moves. Couldn't move, staff quarters, production storage sites, workshop between fireproofing, improve conditions and increase the evacuation exits and security exports, equipped with the necessary fire fighting and rescue equipment, accommodation officer adjusted to the first and second tier for evacuation, ensure personnel safety. The second is through the addition of fire facilities, strengthen internal management, fire safety, improve the capacity of fire prevention and control of the enterprise. Third, led by the Government, construction standardization workshop and staff quarters, guided family at enterprises to large scale healthThe transformation of production.
　　
3, sector linkage is the realization of the symptoms. In order to give full play to the Government and the Department of law enforcement efforts, the use of effective legal and administrative means comprehensive law enforcement. By strengthening handling, power outages, fire, water, seal, retaining legal representative, administrative detention, and other means to enhance the "triple play" building owners deterrent, promote risk. At the same time, the Administrative Department to make concerted efforts at preventing the "triple play" the formation of the building. To building projects, planning, design, development, approval, certification and other management strict gate, preventing new "triple play" architecture.
　　
4, education is the key for social support. To active the "triple play" building and damage report to the local Party Committee and Government, to attract the attention of all levels of Government, on the Elimination of the "triple play" building a sense of urgency, a sense of responsibility and a sense of crisis. At the same time, to increase production and business owners, employees, and the general public fire safety education and training, vigorously popularize fire laws, regulations and basic fire-fighting knowledge, improve social and people's awareness of self protection and fire escape self-help skills.
　　
5. improve the rule of law is fundamental to advancing treatment depth. To improve our laws and regulations and regulations, the establishment of a "triple play" building renovation of long-term mechanism. First, you can reference the "triple play" building regulation taken effective measures to further enhance its legal effect; the second is in the fire laws and regulations in a clear "triple play" enterprise liability for illegal acts, that the owners assume interest commensurate responsibilities; third, in economy, taxation, land use, etc. to develop policies that encourage owners to actively rectification "triple play" construction of fire hazards