【 Weak current College 】 petroleum chemical fire incidents and disposal solutions---Power By 【 China power house network 】

【 Summary 】 petrochemical of social development, technological progress, human civilization to a certain degree of signs, is an important area of modern production are also important in today's industry developed. With the rapid growth of China's economy, the chemical industry is in rapid development of the chemical accident frequency increases, causing large numbers of casualties and severe economic losses, even in adverse political influence. Petroleum chemical industry on the one hand, to our society and economy and people's living standards have played a huge role to improve and promote, on the other hand also to people's lives and property constitutes a great threat. As the fire brigade, not only to strengthen chemical fire accident prevention, but also to respond to chemical enterprise with inflammable, explosive, high temperature, high pressure, corrosion, and other characteristics of highly toxic and its possible to make accurate prediction of the accident, the accident disposal plan targeted its tactics discussed walkthrough for petrochemical fire accident successfully disposed to lay a solid foundation.

First, the petroleum chemical fire accident causes
Chemical enterprises of fire, toxic gas (or liquid) in a huge loss, because most of them have a large, easy-to-non-toxic and flammable explosive characteristics, and therefore extremely vulnerable to regional pollution caused the accident and a large number of casualties, in personnel populated cities are particularly serious. The reason for chemical fire accidents mainly has the following three conditions: 1 actions in violation of the operator. Chemical production and transportation has strict operating procedures, once the regulations, it is possible in the event of an accident. 2. enterprise device itself. Chemical products production require high temperature and high pressure, low pressure, combined with the many raw materials and products with strong corrosion resistance, easy to create all kinds of pipes, valves, Tower, cylinder rot damage resulting running, run the risk of toxic substances, drip, leak, and other security risks. 3, is unpredictable accident factors. This type of accident is the chemical process due to the sudden power loss, water and the chemical reaction causing loss of control, and it put toxic substances occur during transport overturn, explosions and leakage occurs. Accident factors causing chemical accident occurred from time to time, are seriously harmed.

Second, the correct identification of the type of petroleum chemical fire
Petroleum chemical fire usually have three forms. 1. stable burning fire. To gas or flammable liquids in the closed vessel spills or open the mouth of a diffusion flame combustion forms, no significant fluctuation phenomena, like lighted torch. Such as light oil, LPG tank top call for valve, safety valve hole, measurement of LPG combustion fire, their burning flame vertically upward, the scope is limited to a smaller opening area. 2. explosion-fire. These characteristics have fire and explosion of the first explosion, after burning; first after burning, explosion; there's just an explosion, not combustion. 3. boil-fire. General form huge pillar of fire may be as high as 70-80 m-Wind Jet issued fire rain up to 120 meters. This fire easily fighting personnel casualty, at the same time easy to form a large solid combustion, hazards and most difficult fight.

Third, petrochemical characteristics of fire
Petroleum chemical fire is different from the General fire disasters, it has the following characteristics:
1. explosion hazards. First, the petrochemical production storage location of the device, there are a large number of flammability piping materials or products, leakage and explosion or heated expansion easy to form a physical explosion; Secondly, the continuity of the production plant height, easy to form a continuous explosion; and finally in fire suppression programs right circumstances, may result in multiple explosions.
2, the fire development faster. According to the calculation of fire fighting practice, fire resistance, petrochemical industry, its line of flame spread speed can reach up to 2 ~ 3 m/s. At the same time, their burning speed very quickly, for example: gasoline fire 80.9 kg/m2 * hour, benzene 165.4 kg/m 2 * hours. Combustion and explosion at speed.
3. easy to form a three-dimensional large combustion. When the production storage of flammable, explosive liquid and gas fire in building or structure, as built, structure influence the interlinkages between, easy to make fires burning; in gas-solid fire, specific gravity greater than air diffusion of gases from the top down, fire will form a solid combustion; flammable and explosive liquid under the influence of high temperature or heat radiation, volatilization of vapor may wind drift, from bottom to top, flowing yuhuoyuan occur or spilled fire, but also easy to form a solid combustion phenomena.
4. complex explosion occurred comes alive. Fire in the petrochemical, gas or oil fire, if not timely appropriate disposal of the residual will once again fire or explosion, fighting the fire must attach great attention.
5, damage is huge. Petroleum chemical fire burning speed, high calorific value, the fire of thermal radiation is strong, easily cause suppression personnel were injured. In addition, the toxic substance of dispersion and spillage of inflammable, explosive materials, the formation of large flowing, stereo or fire kindled, expand and increase the scope and level of disaster, their toxic gases also easily rescue casualties.

4. rescue plan formulation
Develop accurate, detailed plan for the disposal of chemical accidents and provide a reliable basis for collecting such information from the site save a lot of time. A full plan, first establish a basis for emergency rescue plans, emergency rescue organization system, the relevant legal provisions and requirements of industry. Besides clear emergency rescue organizations sector composition, functions, tasks, roles, contact, call to action. Final refinement chemical accident unit Yuan's name, address, size, production, Stockpiling and use of chemicals, dangerous properties, process and technology requirements, chemical accident source location, toxic, harmful article name, derived, may release the source, as well as hazards direction, harm region, and the appropriate disinfection, blocking, protection, investigation and inspection, technical requirements, near the geographical distribution of staff, transportation, building, water, weather conditions, fire brigade rescue capabilities and the power of social relief distribution, coordination, etc.R > a good plan is like fire brigade equipped with advanced weapons, combined with a chemical accident rescue features, develop scientific and technological training, greatly improving the fire forces of high-quality and rescue capacity. The first to learn basic knowledge and down-to-earth manner. Organization of officers and learn about chemistry knowledge, knowledge, and chemistry dangerous burning, especially for urban production, transportation and storage distribution units involved in the risk characteristics of hazardous chemicals, combustion and explosion characteristics to proficiency. The second key to elaborate training tasks. For some of the features of chemical accidents, some dispositions, protection of key tasks, to increase troops rescue real ability to highlight the force protection training in life-saving, etc. Learning Institute for protection of common sense, the use of protective equipment, for crossing accident, accident area job training, process disposal, offensive and evacuation training, familiar with protective actions and master the methods of disinfection, first aid. Third, it is necessary to carefully vetted for firefighting and rescue exercise. Walkthrough by set of accident on participating in rescue operations organization and personnel to conduct similar to actual training. Walkthrough can experience organization system coordination skills; can test plan targeted; the rescue forces and technical strength is adapted to actual needs. Fire forces in chemical accident rescue work often bear rescue, fire fighting task to ongoing professional training.

5. petroleum chemical fire suppression methods
Petroleum chemical fires, all with the fire spread rapidly and the development of the combustion area features. Therefore, organize and direct that put out the fire, the fire must be based on their features, implementation of the first control, eliminate, flexible use of firefighting tactics to effectively fight a fire. And according to different material and the fire burning, should take appropriate measures to achieve rapid tactical and security to fight fires.
1, scientific plan to fast-fast. Effective in extinguishing the fire of the petrochemical industry is planned, i.e. the science plan for fighting. The focus of petrochemical enterprises, must be in the investigation and study, on the basis of tactical training, develop practical fire-fighting operational plans and plans into the war of units and commanders can be done on the operational plan clearly; driver for driving directions and parking position clear on its own tasks of combatants clear; on the water situation in the water supply. When Yuan petrochemical enterprise units or parts of a fire, according to the plan of action. First of all, scheduling power implementation plan. According to the plan provisions, once all required fire forces all assigned to the fire; second, sent by commanders at all levels under the scheme, their command of routings and arrived at the scene of combat operations, and fire, proactively commanding, do work together to combat tasks completed. In this way, you can deploy forces quickly reached the scene quickly, fire Scout fast start fast and battle, methodically into battle, with the rapid development of petrochemical fire characteristics, tit-for faster system fast. For petrochemical fire fighting, with fast combat command and combat action, is particularly important. Fire extinguishing oil chemical industry, only in accordance with the plan, to fundamentally overcome deployment of firefighting force on passive situation; to give full play to the initiative of fire commanders at all levels and initiative, consciously command unit operation, to prevent that the fire commander who's bustle, for instance, the Brigade Commander is beautifully made, field disturbance, relying on a fighter. Only the implementation plan, to fast and command, to gain time, seizing favorable fighters to systematic rapid action to uniform petrochemical fire of rapid development, mobility.
2, the spread of fire to prevent interception. Petroleum chemical fires, mostly of materials, production equipment and building a part of the fire. Fighting such a fire, the primary task is to control the fire development and eliminate the spread of expansion in key aspects of the spread of fire, the power of deploying lean, to intercept the fire. Prevent spread. If the petrochemical production storage devices materials fire, try to cool the building or tank structure, or reduce the burning intensity, prevent ignition building, expansion of the fire. Similarly, when building or tank fire, the fire on production equipment and interior materials and direct threat, this is the case, you should concentrate on the Elimination of the fire on the production, storage devices, to stop the spread of fire. In addition, the petroleum chemical fires, often because of storage tanks, containers and pipes under high temperature or explosion effects, fracture, having large amounts of flammable, combustible liquid circulation combustion so that the fire spread rapidly expanded. To stop the burning of circulation can be taken off burning liquid sources, construct or diversion to intercept the fire development, to create conditions conducive to fight fires.
3, stay focused, to exclude the danger. According to the petroleum and chemical fire prone explosion characteristics, fire brigade arrived at the scene of rapid identification of cases, for an explosion of the fire, to select a favorable terrain features, strong sexual break; bodies good cover for the strength to attack forces close explodes points, depending on the nature of the explosives, with powerful stream of water or other extinguishing agent, eradication is an explosion of fire, while cooling a substance not yet explosive or explosive device, excluding; as a result of the fire of explosive substances or equipment could explode, you must organize assault force, taking the breakthroughs of tactics to break through the blockade of fireworks, control the fire, the fire on the explosive substances or equipment, and material to be threatened, should seek to make cooling evacuation, to put out the fire to create safe conditions, and the organized forces that put out the fire.
4, segmentation, mobility. Storage tanks, reactors, pipeline fire, are in a jar or a burning, along with the development of the combustion, fire to nearby tanks or equipment. For this kind of combustion characteristics, should take segmentation siege tactics, concentrated surrounded by combustion cans or reactor, protect adjacent tanks, reactors, equipment, etc. If several cans or reactor are burning, you have depending on the specific fire-fighting forces and circumstances combustion cans or reactor segmentation, fire suppression, surrounded by delaying. In fighting materials storage tanks, reactors and pipeline burning torch, the fire commander in deploying forces toEquipment for cooling, we must do a fire all preparations. First of all to organize fire water supply work, selecting lean water gunmen, responsible for fire fighting and cover work, formation on each torch circumvention. When gunmen entered the fire front water test water after order from Commander uniform, for fire suppression. Fire have the following specific measures: in the Shui gunmen water shield, combatants or workers off gas pipeline valves; organizations cover flow with intensive asphyxiated; cutting off the flame, combustible gas separation with the flame, the formation of burning torch extinguished. In firefighting, to adhere to the cooling heating devices to prevent the production and storage equipment is damaged, resulting in the spread of expansion