【 Weak current College 】 on fire station layout configuration problems

Problem
State Council 15 paper No. (9) article stipulates: "not to set up the public security fire brigade of the city people's Government shall, in accordance with the national fire station building standards, and to establish public security fire brigade, allied fire brigade. ”
File following the enactment of the national Governments have stepped up to fire protection work, have a new fire station building, buying city fire facilities, increased fire preparation, the purchase of fire-fighting equipment, fire of the development of a new round of high tide, the situation is gratifying, in order to play a more effective investment of social benefits, to the fire station configuration problems, we should note the following issues:
A, a fire station layout configuration first padded
The current city fire station layout configuration issues should be addressed with and without problems, to solve the problem of strong and weak. China Eastern region urban economic differences are large, must have a direct impact on local government investment, so using the same standard to require performance of the city, the operability greatly discounted, bad implementation.
The size of different cities, North and South parts of different cities, with a unified city fire station configuration standards implementation, often resulting in significant waste. Big city building density is high, the concentration of the population, the concentration of wealth in society, the standard for existing cities. There is a small city you perform difficult practical problems.

In China's large population density in urban planning is about 1 million people/km2, which is, according to the existing fire station layout configuration standards, in big cities, the average 4-7 million urban population, there is a fire brigade. This is currently in the development of domestic fire cause unimaginable that do not meet the current national conditions. In China there are 700 County no fire brigade, this will enable Community fire safety interests of unfair degree increase. We should expedite the filling of small city fire station blank work pace, reduce the urban layout of a fire station, instead of increasing the difference.

To our current fire brigade number and current fire times compared to the current city fire station of utilization is low. Liaoning province, Liaoning province is the fire cause more developed provinces, counties are configured with the fire station. (But many remote villages and towns still is a blank area of the fire fighting)

2005 total urban rural Liaoning province fire 24339 up. (Province-wide average of fire around 67 times), which fire dispatched 23931, annual exhibition 8242 rescue total. Provincial fire brigade number total 32173 exhibition, now in the province a total attendance of public security fire station 162 (not including social enterprise fire brigade) average annual exhibition 199 times a fire station, then the average public security fire station exhibition about 0.54 times per day, i.e. on average about once in two days of the exhibition. Considering the local professional fire brigade and enterprise dedicated fire brigade number of deployed, this figure should also be smaller. Such a low utilization rate, that we are still missing many city fire station grounds, it is not so confident, not so good. Its necessity and urgency of questionable.
Fire station is equipped with the urgent task is to fill the gap fire. Existing across the city fire station is equipped with standard, on the undeveloped areas of the city, they would form a barrier to cross. There is no fire station of small cities start station height must not be too high, the process of perfecting the strengthening needs, take time and require funds gradually injection. In other words, the city fire station from scratch than from weak to strong, more important, fill in our 700 county-level city fire station, blank is the most urgent matter.

Second, reasonable determination of small city fire station and fire station in rural area
China's small municipal and County public security fire bear the administrative area of all the fire fighting and rescue work. Area of responsibility to them is the whole area. In addition to the city, they cannot take fifteen minutes fire principle. Because a County's area of responsibility of several hundred square kilometres area is often even more than a thousand square kilometres. Whatever city fire and rural fire fighting is timely, objective and actual needs. But also small cities Government nor economic capacity building more fire station.
City fire station building standards, just city, China is currently no standard for construction of rural fire station. The small city fire station also has a dual city and rural fire fighting task.
Fire extinguishing the fire in the rural areas are actually far more than five minutes of fire by car, some North County Fire police station out of rural areas, often more than 50 km or even farther, journey travel time is often longer than 30 minutes or more, the County of Liaoning province, small city fire brigade of the status quo also illustrates this point.
The small city of municipal infrastructure and large cities cannot be compared to a vehicle equipment, road conditions and road facilities, traffic conditions, and many other factors affect the speed of the fire.
Then, from facts of small city fire station protection area and rural towns and villages in the area of responsibility of a fire station, is the city fire station and rural fire station reasonable layout configuration of important guarantee conditions. Improving the rural township fire infrastructure conditions, and building new Socialist countryside.

Third, there is reason to increase the city fire station of protection RADIUS, if we extend the protection area of the city fire station, then meet big or media-sized cities, the number of fire station configuration will greatly ease the pressure. Protection area is protected by a fire station RADIUS. We have every reason in the original request, increased fire station protection RADIUS:
1, now the city fire station configuration of a new generation of fire engine performance drastically improved the speed of the truck is also significantly improved. Five minutes distance of main models than in the past 143 Liberation (the last standards based models) have increased significantly.
2 and now big or media-sized cities of fire channel conditions with fundamental improvements, road widening, pavement, roads, command signal system fire channel's overall performance. To improve the speed of the engine provides sufficient conditions.
3 and now the city fire communication conditionsUpgrading, fire communications cable communications and wireless communication networks have radically improved. The original city 15 minutes fire principle 2.5 minutes can save communication time 1 minutes, this increases the fire engines of travel time, increased fire engines of mileage at least 1 km, this will greatly increase the protection of the urban RADIUS and a fire station coverage area.
4, because a new fire truck containing water have increased considerably, so that the first out of the fire water supply increase. Ensure that fire conditions improve, the fire-fighting capability.
The fire station building design standards "GNJ1-82 implementation provisions, each city fire station protection area is 4-7 square kilometres, the latest issue of city fire station configuration standards on city fire brigade of protection RADIUS calculations was and is the result of twenty years ago, it is difficult to understand.
The improvement of road conditions, traffic conditions improve, vehicle and equipment conditions improve, on the protection of the urban RADIUS and a fire station coverage area does not have any impact, our massive fire investment do, role?
Realistically speaking, in its original condition, as long as the protection of the urban fire station 1 km radius increase, then the protection area will double or even several times, the city fire station layout configuration will greatly reduce the density of pressure.

4. considering the issue of layout density fire station
Because of historical reasons caused by the city fire station location layout unreasonable, as urban development and reconstruction, do one of the city's fire plan, resolve the layout configuration density fire station, making it more reasonable. According to the needs of urban development, synthetic also consider the following factors influence the layout density of:
1, fire station layout configuration standards cannot be a one-size-fits-all
Small size of the city and urban road conditions are different, the plain of the city and the mountain and water conditions quite different, you cannot use the same standard, in the middle of the adjustable range should be larger, it is only reasonable.
Big city growing, tall buildings and tall buildings mainly rely on building its own fire-fighting facilities. This should be taken into account, and not take it as an increase in the number, equipment of the fire station.
2, city fire station and rural fire station layout configuration standards should not be the same.
Small cities differences between standard should be. Fire station of three level does not completely address all the issues.
How much of the population and the number of the fire, so the size of the city on fire station requirements should not be the same. The South and the city's fire service conditions, North city fire service needs winter insulation, it will be on fire station layout configuration.
3, repetitive configuration of fire station layout is a waste of resources on fire
At present, China's in small cities, there is a considerable number of enterprises dedicated fire department and the fire brigade of special industry. The quantities, equipment, geographic distribution, scale healthy, is available a great community fire safety resources. For example: forestry fire brigade, nuclear power station, civil airport fire brigade, railway, port the fire, the fire brigade and other oil field. The fire brigade of the city, the city fire station layout have duplicate configuration. Away from the city's Fire Department, enterprise dedicated to the local rural township fire layout also has an impact. To take reasonable use of these Community fire fighting resources. If you do not consider these fire brigade in the layout of a fire station, essentially duplicate configuration, is on social great fire resources waste. ，
4, and building new Socialist countryside, planning to comprehensive consideration fire layout simultaneously
New Socialist countryside construction of the first step is to develop rural development master plan. From town planning should consider the future development needs of fire safety. A comprehensive grasp of the rural area of fire power distribution and layout. From Township fire infrastructure construction and fire equipment configurations to consider rural characteristics, apply and leave room for future development. Not been considered in advance or not realistic will create social waste of resources, lead to Community fire safety costs too high.
5, urban-rural fire station layout density to consider the future needs of society rescue
With the further development of the social civilization, and rural society rescue effort will greatly increase, we refer to the foreign some fire statistics, Japan and the United States fire station fire dispatch times only the total number of deployed 20%, the rest of the exhibition are for social assistance.
The Chinese public security fire station is out of the fire out. Our society rescue work is just beginning, in the future there will be a lot of room for development. Social emergency rescue work on a fire station and fire-fighting work demands on fire station requirements are different. We consider the urban-rural fire station layout density, should pay attention to the factors, to the future of social emergency rescue work under development space reserved.

5. on the issue of equipment is equipped with a fire station
(A) equipment standards necessary to highlight the applicability and the characteristics of local needs
The equipment is equipped with a standard fire station, in economically developed areas and less developed areas of the standard should be different. In different geographical and architectural conditions should also have the distinction of regions. For example in ethnic minority areas, local architectural features, lifestyle, the natural conditions are generally both urban and rural areas, especially in the forest region, Prairie region, oilfield areas and other special environment of areas of fire station equipment configuration more to consider, first of all to consider the applicability and particularity. These areas of fire characteristics determine the fire equipment facilities shall meet the special requirements of professionals.
Our current city fire station configuration standards without taking into account the above differences. Different regions and different needs of fire station equipment should be carried out in different configurations. Some of the City Fire Brigade's equipment facilities equipped with a large investment in pursuit of equipment, imported equipment, etc., these large fire equipment maintenance costs, usage is very low. For example, the import of Dematic lifting vehicles per year were only a few times, in addition to visiting the exercise, there is very little opportunity to sent out until phase-out period, such a low capital-output ratio,Vote or not.
(2) rural township fire station equipment configuration
State Department 15, paragraph (3) of the objectives of the 2010 "basic formation covering urban and rural areas of professional fire-fighting and emergency rescue system". In paragraph (8) in article clearly defines "local governments in the light of the actual preparation of urban and rural fire plan, ensure that the public fire facilities construction and urban and rural construction synchronization implemented," State Department 15 file, on the development of the rural fire a number of provisions, which work in fire prevention principles, referred to the need to adhere to the overall strengthening of the rural fire service. Rural fire brigade station construction has now been formally entered the Chinese fire industry.
The rural fire station Basic does not involve the Highrise, General capacity building fires, rarely involve large-scale chemical fire suppression, so the city fire station equipped with standard requirements do not meet the rural township fire station, fire station will not be equipped with large lifting trucks, ladders, foam, dry chemical, heavy tank car, power generation, such as special vehicles for lighting cars. And should be equipped with pump trucks, hand carry tactical pump, light truck, light rescue vehicles, in southern water-intensive areas should be equipped with light fire boats.
Rural Township fire water supply, fire road conditions or restrictions with some large fire fighting vehicle use and jobs. Rural fire station equipment configuration but also the social emergency rescue work needed equipment, facilities and equipment and personal protective equipment, etc.