【 Weak current College 】 flammable or explosive chemicals storage of fire-Power By 【 China power house network 】

The so-called stockpile, refers to the product in the left field of production but have not yet entered the consumer area, before circulation during a stay.
Flammable or explosive chemicals storage modes, depending on the substance of the physical and chemical properties and stocks in size into monolithic storage and bulk storage. The amount of the smaller General Yi costumes in small containers or packages, call it in stock, such as monolithic storage bags, drums, boxes or cylinders, glass bottles, costumes, objects, etc.; on stocks in particular to bulk storage, such as oil, liquefied petroleum gas, gas, etc, is bulk storage. Bulk storage of goods in accordance with the nature, equipment, environment, etc. There are a variety of storage. If there are tanks for storage of LPG, storage and solid-state storage formation in three, tank storage can also be divided into: at normal pressure storage, low temperature and pressure storage, cavern storage, water storage, underwater caves and underground storage in salt rock store five ways.
Flammable or explosive chemicals often monolithic storage, storage of many varieties, the nature of the dangerous and complex, more difficult to manage. But the bigger bulk stocks, equipment, specifications for complex, difficult to rescue in the event of an accident. So no matter what stocks are potentially significant fire hazard. You must use a scientific attitude and strict management, we will engage in.
The first section of flammable or explosive chemicals storage leading cause of fire

First, a lack of strict fire control
A fire caused by fuel combustion are all heat energy, including prescribed fire, drink, Mars and EDM, chemical, etc. In flammable or explosive chemicals stored procedure in a fire main has two aspects: one is the external fire. Such as chimney flying fire, automobile exhaust pipe of Mars, the Treasury around the open fire, smoking cigarettes and so on; the second is the internal devices, caused by improper operation of EDM, striking sparks and solar energy, chemical, etc. If not explosion-proof electrical equipment or explosion-proof rank is not enough, the use of iron tools handling lighting brand impact, when the Sun's open storage of exposure, etc.

Second, the nature of the competing goods mixed deposit
A mixing nature incompatible with flammable or explosive chemicals, often due to lack of knowledge, the custody officer or some flammable or explosive chemicals factory lack of identification, in the product manual without clearly resulting; there are also some units because of the lack of storage sites, and any temporary mixing.
Such as Guangdong Shenzhen Ann trade and transportation of dangerous goods, qingshuihe warehouse company will ammonium nitrate, potassium permanganate, sodium sulfide, sodium persulfate, barium carbonate, matches, and other flammable or explosive chemicals mixed in the same warehouse, on 5 August 1993 caused an explosion killed 15 people and injured 823, direct economic losses 2.4 billion mega-fires.

III. product modification
Some flammable or explosive chemicals have long abandoned, still, in a warehouse and not processed in a timely manner, often due to deterioration and cause accidents.

4. maintenance of mismanagement
Warehouse building conditions are poor, do not meet the requirements of the stored goods, do not take insulation measures to enable the goods to poor heating; custody, warehouse offers a feed for articles with damp; a portrait of the vessel damage, make articles in contact with air, can cause fire or explosion.

5. packaging is damaged or does not comply with the requirements
Flammable or explosive chemicals container packaging is damaged, or factory packaging does not meet the security requirements that will cause accidents, common scenarios are: 1. sulfuric acid altar, inflammable materials between straw mats insulation; 2. compressed air bottle does not wear a helmet; 3. metal container for potassium and sodium leakage; 4. dress up a container of water scarcity of yellow phosphorus; 5. calcium carbide drums filled with nitrogen gas leakage; 6. contain flammable liquid glass container closures, bottles with bubble defect, affected by sunlight and focused, and that happens often cause a fire.

6. violation procedures
Handling flammable or explosive chemicals not travel without light relief; or stack is too high, there'd pile; or in the library adapted packaging, sealing and welding repairs and other breaches of security practice caused the accident.

7. building does not comply with the storage requirements
Flammable or explosive chemicals warehouse building facilities do not meet the requirements, resulting in the Treasury over temperature, ventilation, humidity, water leakage, sunlight, there is a lack of facilities, so that articles keep warm up to the safe storage requirements and a fire accident.

VIII. lightning
Flammable or explosive chemicals warehouse are generally located in the outskirts of towns open area of the separate building or open-air storage tank or stacking area, is very susceptible to lightning strike, since 1949, China has repeatedly been oil and fluid stacking suffered the loss of accidents, lightning is very serious.

9. fire fighting improper
Fire due to lack of familiarity with flammable or explosive chemicals performance and fire method, improper use of the fire-fighting equipment, resulting in greater danger. Such as water wet extinguishing fires, inflammable or carbon dioxide fire extinguishing flash powder.

The second section of flammable or explosive chemicals warehouse layout
Storage of flammable or explosive chemicals and chemical libraries, library and other private warehouse of reagents, liquefied petroleum gas gas station, flammable liquid storage tank area (including oil), flammable material yard etc are flammable and explosive chemicals warehouse, should be set in the city or town on the edge of the safety zone and meet the requirements of the urban master plan.
First, flammable or explosive chemicals warehouse layout
A, b goods warehouse in layout, you should be considering the surrounding spacing. And important public buildings should be not less than 50 meters of the fire separation. And civil architecture, open flame or spark distribution stations, substations, outside the House and other buildings of the fire separation, should not be less than 5-2-2-1 requirements of the table.
Flammable or explosive chemicals chemicals, reagents warehouse fire should be built around noncombustible solid walls and buildings remain in the area of not less than 5 meters of the fire separation. The walls on either side of the building should also meet the requirements of the fire separation.
Table 5-2-2-1 a, group b substances warehouse and other structures, structures of the fire separation
Note: ① CPI items warehouse fire between spacing should not be less than 20 m; but this mode a, articles 3, 4 items reserves not exceeding 2 tonnes, paragraphs 1, 2, 5, 6 items in stock is less than 5 tons, can be reduced to 12 meters;
② outside means power system substations 35 ~ 330KV, and each transformer in more than outside 5000V substations and industrial, enterprise's total step-down transformer substation. (Later with)
Second, flammable liquid storage tank layout
Flammable liquid storage tanks are bulk to save petrol, kerosene, diesel oil, benzene, ethers and other flash point ≤ 61 ° c liquid equipment. Flammable liquid storage tanks were constructed of metal materials, but also useful cement masonry or concrete construction of the tank. Flammable liquid storage tanks by its structure can be divided into vertical, horizontal, cylindrical, spherical, oval, external floating-roof, in the form of internal floating roof, etc. At present, most of the combustible liquid storage tanks for metal materials in the construction of a fixed-roof tank with floating-roof tanks, particularly stock special big oil, most with floating roof tanks for storage.
Flammable liquid storage tanks in the layout should choose lower to prevent tank fires due to liquid flowing and forming a fire spreading. For drums or bottled mode a flammable liquid layout should not be open to other tank open layout, you should also note the following requirements:
1. flammable liquid storage tanks, yard and other structures, structures and substations should meet the requirements of the fire separation.
Flammable liquid storage tank and barrel yard in the arrangement should be fully considered and other buildings, structures, as well as outside substations fire between spacing, and should meet table 5-2-2-2 requirements to prevent the spread of the fire caused.
Table 5-2-2-2 flammable liquid storage tank yard and building fire separation


Note: ① computing a tank farm's total reserves, as well as determine r liquid tank and buildings of the fire separation, according to 1 m3 of liquid nail, CPI is equal to 5 cubic meters of class c liquid conversion;
② a, b, c liquid fixed-roof tank areas, semi open yard and b., r liquid yard and a production plant and civil buildings of the fire separation, should increase of 25% by KIA, and not less than 25 m. Distributed with open flames or sparks from the place of the fire separation, should follow this four-stage fire-rating of buildings increased by 25%;
③ floating roof tanks and buildings of the fire separation can be reduced by 25% by this form;
④ a unit as there are several storage areas, storage areas of the fire separation should not be less than the corresponding reserves in this table and four levels of storage tanks fire rating building larger values;
⑤ fire separation from the tank wall buildings recently, measured from the outer edge of the stack, but the tank fire along the lateral base foot line distance between buildings should not be less than 10 m;
⑥ petroleum storage tanks and build of the library, the structure of the fire separation, according to the oil depot design code of the relevant regulations.
2． the flammable liquid storage tank fire between spacing
Flammable liquid storage tanks in the arrangement, the subject should meet with the surrounding structures, structures of fire between spacing, the tank should have a certain fire separation to prevent or reduce the oil tank fire of radiation thermal effect of the adjacent tanks meet fire fighting and expanded. Its spacing should meet the minimum distance specified in table 5-2-2-3 requirements:
Table 5-2-2-3 flammable liquid storage tank fire between spacing

Note: ① D to adjacent vertical storage tank in a larger pot diameter (m); rectangular tank's diameter is long and the short edges and half;
② different liquids, different forms of tank fire between spacing should be used in the provision of a greater value;
③ two rows of horizontal tank fire between spacing should not be less than 3 meters;
④ with nitrogen protection devices in liquid tank fire between spacing may be floating roof tanks for determination of space;
⑤ single tank capacity not exceeding 1 000 cubic metres of grade a, type b liquid fixed-roof tank aboveground fire between spacing, such as the use of fixed fire-extinguishing means for cooling, the fire separation should not be less than 0.6D;
⑥ also equipped with a liquid injection foam fire extinguishing equipment, fixed cooling water equipment and fire extinguishing liquid fire wall foam fire extinguishing equipment, the spacing between the tanks may be appropriate to reduce, but not less than the above ground storage tank 0.4D.
3. flammable liquid storage tanks and ancillary equipment of the fire separation
Flammable liquid storage tank with matching of pumping stations, loading and unloading cranes, such as ancillary facilities, is a liquid storage machinery operation, personnel operations factors most, fire risk factors have the greatest number of sites and facilities, many combustible tank fire are also a problem in these facilities. So combustible liquid storage tanks in the layout, and pumping stations, loading and unloading cranes, such as ancillary facilities, as well as loading and unloading cranes and between buildings should have a sufficient spacing, the requirements shown in table 5-2-2-4 and table 5-2-2-5.
Table 5-2-2-4 liquid tank and pump house, loading and unloading crane pipe fire separation

Note: ① total reserves do not exceed 1000 cubic meters of armor, CPI total reserves of liquid storage tanks and not more than 5000 cubic metres of CPI liquid tank of the fire separation, according to the provisions in this table are reduced by 25%. The oil reservoir and pumping station in the tank, loading/unloading cranes of the fire separation, according to the oil depot design code execution;
② pumping stations, loading and unloading crane pipe and tank fire along the lateral distance between the base foot line should not be less than 5 meters;
③ factory railway lines and handling cranes of the fire separation, liquid for categories a, b should not be less than 20 metres, yet for the liquid should be not less than 10 m;
④ pumping stations and the distance he-pipe should not be less than 8 metres.
Table 5-2-2-5 liquid handling cranes and building fire separation

Note: zero tank and belongs to the distance of the railway lines should not be less than 6 metres.


5. electrostatic properties
Most of the combustible liquid is a dielectric, in infusion, transportation, mobile process can generated static electricity, static electricity accumulated to a certain extent will discharge caused by fire or explosion,. Flammable liquid electrostatic properties, in a real fire inspection, you can determine the flammable liquid firesDisaster risk, you can check whether it has adopted to eliminate static electricity prevention measures, such as whether to use material good and smooth transport piping, equipment and pipeline is reliable grounding, on whether to limit the flow velocity, etc.
6. toxic
Most of the combustible liquid itself (or vapour) with poisonous. Not saturated, aromatic hydrocarbons and evaporation of petroleum products than saturated hydrocarbons, non-volatile toxic oil products.
In addition, petroleum products and boil-over, that is, with a wide range of heavy oil boiling products because of its viscosity, oil emulsion or suspension in the State of water or water in the reservoir, under fire, the role of the radiant heat produced high temperature layer, causing oil spillage of boil or occurred. Boil of oil refers to the moisture content of 0.3%-4% of crude oil, oil, heavy oil and other oil products.
2. fire precautions
1. the flash point below 23 ° c, storage of flammable liquid temperature must not exceed 30 ° c, low boiling point of varieties shall take measures for refrigerated cooling. A large number of stocks (such as benzene, alcohol, gasoline, etc.), generally available storage tank storage. Tank can be open, but the temperature is above 30 ° c temperature reduction measures to be taken. Machinery and equipment must be explosion-proof, and have static grounding daochu.
2. loading and unloading and handling, no scroll, friction, pulling and other safety operation. Jobs at ban on the use of prone sparks iron tools and wear shoes with nails.
3. General shall not be mixed with other chemicals. Laboratory of small quantities of bottled liquids can be set according to the nature of the dangerous goods tank, storage compartment, in the same cell shall be mixing oxidants such as incompatible with the nature.
4. hot weather it is best in the morning and evening access library and transport. In transport, to pump filling good earthing devices to prevent the accumulation of static electricity. The tanker transport flammable liquid should have a grounding chain, tank can be equipped with holes in the plate to reduce vibrations produced by static electricity.
5. most of the combustible liquid vapour has certain toxic, will invade the human body from the respiratory tract. Special attention should be paid to the flammable liquid packaging must be intact. In the job should strengthen ventilation measures. In summer or in case of fire, air toxic vapor concentrations increase, should pay attention to preventing poisoning.