【 Weak current College 】 fire decision support system applications of GIS technology

Describes the composition, GIS technology development, analysis, decision support system with fire-GIS technical necessity, and GIS technologies in fire decision support system for specific applications.

Fire-fighting work related to all aspects of society, and daily decision-making data 90 per cent have their space characteristics, how to effectively use in day-to-day management of the data in the acquisition, effective management of the supervision unit and in the aftermath of the disaster fire forces disposition of decision-making during the disaster, GIS than other technologies have many advantages. At present, although the GIS system in fire 119 communication command, such as an application in the system, but the GIS features many deep have been developed, the use of GIS technology to implement decision support should be carefully studied, and better applications. 1 What is GIS? GIS (Geotaraphical lnformation Systems) is a geographic information system, also known as a resource and environment information system. Internationally, although many scholars on GIS have different interpretations, but the basic concept is largely the same. Geographic information system is the use of computer storage, processing, geographical information technology and tools, is a computer software, hardware, support, and resources information and environmental parameters according to the distribution or geographic coordinates, to a certain format and classification coding input, processing, storage and output to meet application needs — interactive information system. It passed on many elements of the data and comprehensive analysis, quickly and easily to the required information to graphics, images, numbers, and other forms of output to meet various applications or research needs. Geographic information systems in the construction of the national economy has been widely used, particularly in regional development, environmental protection, resource use, urban management, disaster prediction, population control and transportation play a positive role. Basic GIS development, reflects the general development of the IT technology. Since the 1970s, GIS technology development generally went through three main phases: first, to mainframes and UNIX as a platform for professional-ProfessionalGIS; second, to PC as a platform for desktop Desktop GIS; third, to the network (Internet/Intranet) and Client/Server network platform for technical GIS, mobile or wireless communications-GIS. As the network and communication technologies, Internet GIS, mobile or wireless communications-GIS technology is the integration of space information technology leading direction. Mainly due to the following eight components: (1) space in the database and database information (property), which constitute the core of the GIS; (2) in the core of the perimeter, has a graphical display system, which uses the selected element in the database, the Foundation is formed, this is a graphic based one. (3) map digitizing system, implementation of all graphics, this is the basis for digital bis. (4) database management system, as the logical part of GIS to analyze information data. (5) the geographical analysis system, analysis of the location of the data space. (6) image processing system, this is a remote sensing information and statistical analysis part. (7) spatial statistical analysis system, that is, the traditional statistics and statistical analysis of spatial data. (8) decision support system, this is the most important advanced GIS systems, including decision-making, management and tracking, is the foundation of artificial intelligence. 2 fire decision support system using GIS technology of inevitability. (1) the main characteristics of fire data: with the rapid development of China's national economy, the changing urban construction, urban population density, density increases, increasing the building height, whether large station (station), fire safety key unit, or a small to a fire hydrant, common features with the spatial distribution of characteristics, geographic information systems with all kinds of information on the spatial distribution of management and integrated analysis capabilities, very fire data diversification, big space management features, especially the spatial database technology and application of WebGIS, on the one hand, the geographic information system for the management of mass data as possible, on the other hand the popularization of geographic information system. Will these information-tech introduces fire information system, you can accurately handle fire alarm, rational and efficient use of firefighting resources, improve the overall fire forces. (2) current fire three-level network has been built as a basic geographic information system in the fire of the Foundation relies on fire three-tier network, the use of advanced geographical information systems (GIS) technology, space database technology and the establishment of accurate WebGIS technologies, comprehensive and standardized geographic information systems, and bring it into line with the existing fire business combination to make fire resource information and integration of spatial information management, multi-level orientation to visually display the related information to enhance the fire brigade of rapid response capability and cooperative engagement capability. (3) fire the cornerstone of the decision support system is all kinds of information, including spatial geographic information, including a large number of spatial information closely related attribute information. Through GIS technology intuitive image management and query the information.
(4) through the GIS technology, geospatial data processing and calculation with the numerical model, combining the results of the disaster prevention model calculation can be more intuitive expression of the image.
(5) GIS technology-specific network analysis, spatial analysis, and data mining technologies for fire services provide the scientific basis for decision-making.
3 GIS technology in the fire in decision support systems provide specific application 3.1 image intuitive fire resources geographic information based on the graphical way to manage a variety of fire fighting resources information: including fire hydrants, natural water, artificial sources of water, fire Pier, underground water-pipe and combustible gas pipeline information; effectively, Visual management in key areas, focusing on fire-fighting units, key parts, fire power, chemicals and emergency rescue plans, and other database; and local telephone number associated with a repository, you can always correct answer alarm the reflected alarm phone location, units, or name, correctly reflect fire units surrounding circumstances, and can be quickly transferred to the squadron Terminal, in the order form out, bothFire company name, address, text content, such as the burning material, also including fire units location map information. 3.2 effective management of fire safety key unit of information on geographic information systems not only can you manage graphic data, you can also manage attribute data, multimedia data, using geographic information not only to reflect the location of key fire units, and can focus on strategy plans, unit floor plans, elevations, operational plans and video images, and other information related to the use of geographic information can graphically develop fire fighting plan, the plan is to focus fire units and predetermined fire scenario. With the architectural design of electronic documents, design drawings or a late-artificial drawing drawings, workshops, warehouses, rooms, and access management, you can easily use the geographic information system to provide rich content plans, plans for the text information and graphics information composed of two parts. Text description of the plan's basic information, including program content, disposal programmes, employment of composition, layout and equipment, employment of contact; graphics information is used to describe the protection object building floor plan layout, employment, etc. All program information is stored in the database form a plan for a database. In the event of a fire can quickly invoke these information resources, so as to provide effective fire fighting operations guide, can do system, scientific disposition of disaster. 3.3 in disaster monitoring in many cities in order to facilitate the observation of fire and the addition of a high voids looking system, high gaps at the lookout point because fewer but larger urban areas, generally will not be able to immediately locate fire address alone artificial search positioning difficult, slow, impact decision-making. Using geographic information systems, looking through and high margins, you can systematically associated to high gaps at the system can automatically search positioning function, after the confirmation of the fire place, high gaps at the camera can automatically search for the fire place and location, this will enable the Center conductor more intuitive, more targeted. 3.4 in fire-fighting and rescue the battle process fire Squadron terminal can print on fire-related text, of the fire units surrounding electronic maps, GPS installed on the fire truck, in the command center of the map in a timely manner to the specific vehicle route and location, and can be readily corrected command. The cars in the squadron equipped with computer, geographic information systems (GIS) can not only display on the out command, can also be displayed directly on your computer, in case of fire in key areas, fire key unit, fire key parts of fire and explosion or chemical disaster rescue, direct access to disposal plan and disposal methods, the high void look automatically discovered disaster development changes can transfer to your computer so that the fire, the dispatched Squadron commander can fire and fire-geographic information systems (GIS) provides information prior to issue fire fighting vehicles into or save command. 3.5 in urban fire planning using geographic information system based on the graphic content, relevant information is more detailed, accurate, and your computer can compare to visually reflect the various data real figure, you can keep up to date with all the fire key unit of siting, planning, construction, fire site planning, as well as fire-fighting water construction plans. Through the various specification data into computer, geographical information system will automatically determining the reasonableness of the planning and calculation of spacing to change traditional human judgement errors and inaccuracies. 3.6 in disaster prediction of a statistical analysis of fire data is, based on previous statistics are simple and boring text, not as intuitive, eye-catching graphics, use GIS to map to visually reflect the regional and industry fire distribution, in order to develop the scientific measures and measures to reduce fire accidents. Second, the analysis of the fire hazard, through the establishment of a GIS-based information management system for fire danger, both to visually reflect the situation, and to facilitate dynamic management, through some information query, analysis, evaluation and scientific decision-making, can for urban emergencies scientific prediction, you can have a very clear social and economic benefits, for all levels of Government decision-making provides the scientific basis for all levels of safety supervision departments to strengthen supervision. Fire decision support system using GIS technology trends in the fire-decision support system is a large software system, you need to combine GIS technology, data warehousing, data mining techniques, numerical models and expert systems, how to put these techniques seamlessly together to form a unified fire decision support system is important to consider the issue. Specific to the GIS technology, to consider adopting a new technology which GIS? how GIS technology development trend? from the following aspects to consider: (1) GIS application architecture development trends: desktop GIS, C/S structure of GIS and WEBGIS comparative analysis of the architecture. (2) GIS database technology development trends: file management of geographic data to the spatial database development, and new object-oriented model of spatial database. (3) GIS software platform for the development of new technology: traditional integration development techniques to the component technology, component technology compared with traditional technologies allow users easier to work in practice. (4) GIS system data source to obtain trends: the use of photogrammetry, remote sensing technology, global positioning system technology of the new results to get the data. 5 closings in short, the construction of geographical information systems to more effective use of police resources, information, resources, etc., implement fire command and management of the modernization and automation, fire fighting capability, most greatly possibly reduces the fire caused by direct and indirect losses, protect the country and the safety of people's lives and property.