【 Weak current College 】 eight types of sprinkler system works and the scope of application

Automatic sprinkler system classification and composition
Automatic sprinkler system by sprinkler, alarm valves, flow alarm device (flow indicator or pressure switches), plumbing system, water supply facilities, etc.

Automatic sprinkler system, according to the nature of the protected buildings and fire occurrence, development characteristics, you can have many different systems. Usually depending on the system used in the form of different nozzles, divided into closed sprinkler system and open-type automatic sprinkler system.

Closed sprinkler system including wet sprinkler systems, dry sprinkler system, wetting type automatic sprinkler systems, preaction sprinkler system, repeating pre-action fire suppression system.

Open-type automatic sprinkler system including rain fire suppression systems, fire extinguishing system, water curtain spray extinguishing systems.

Closed sprinkler system with closed sprinkler, it is normally closed sprinkler nozzle, temperature sensor, locking device is only intended temperature environment, will fall off, turn on the sprinklers. Therefore, in the event of a fire, the sprinkler system only in flames or near fire nozzle will open fire.

Open-type automatic sprinkler system is open, the sprinkler nozzles without heat, locking devices, is normally open state. Fire, fire the system protection in all open fire sprinkler water together.

1. wet sprinkler systems

Wet sprinkler systems is the world's longest, used most widely, fire, fire extinguishing medium used most frequently in a closed sprinkler system, currently the world's installed sprinkler system 70 percent using wet sprinkler systems.

① system composition and working principle

Wet sprinkler systems typically include: closed-type nozzle, pipe systems, wet alarm valve and water supply equipment. Wet alarm valve within the upper and lower network are filled with water pressure. When a fire occurs, fire ambient temperature to rise, resulting in fire above the nozzle opening, water, pipe pressure drops, alarm valve after pressure drops causing the valve plate opens, connecting pipelines and water sources, water fire extinguishing. In the meantime, part of the water by the seat of the concave-shaped trough the alarm valve signal pipe, driven hydraulic alarm beep signal. If the network is equipped with water flow meter, water flow meter induction to flow, you can also send electrical signals. If the network is equipped with a pressure switch, when the pipeline pressure drops to a certain value, you can also start the pump signals.

② the scope of application of the system

Wet sprinkler systems in the ambient temperature is below 4 ° c and no higher than 70 ° c for buildings and facilities (not water suppression of buildings and facilities exception) can be used.

2. dry sprinkler system

Dry sprinkler system is mainly to solve some inappropriate use of wet system. Although less efficient than dry-type system, fire fighting, wet systems are also higher than the wet system cost, but because of its special purpose still attention.

(1) the system composition and working principle

Dry system is mainly composed of closed type nozzle, pipe, dry alarm valve, pneumatic equipment, alarm device and equipment for water supply. Usual alarm valve pressure after the pipeline filled with gas, water and alarm valve front-end segment is filled with water pressure.

Dry sprinkler system in the fire, the fire department fire temperature rise, the nozzle opening above, first in the compressed air exhaust pipe network, then the alarm valve after the pipe pressure drops, dry alarm valve valve pressure is greater than the pressure after the valve, the valve opening dry alarm, water flows to water distribution network and, through the opened sprinkler sprinkling.
Dry system usually alarm valve and the valve plate pressure balance, when the system has a slight leak gas pipeline network, the air compressor for air, installed in the gas supply pipe pressure switch monitoring system of pressure pipeline network.

(2) the scope of application of the system

Dry sprinkler system applicable to the ambient temperature is below 4 ° c and above 70 degrees centigrade of buildings and sites, such as no heating of the underground car park, cold storage, etc. Nozzle should up installation, or use a dry hanging-type nozzle.

3. wetting type automatic sprinkler system

Wetting-sprinkler system is used interchangeably systematic and wet-dry systems closed sprinkler system. Alarm valve for wet or dry alarm valve or dry alarm valve and wet alarm valve combination valve. It works with the same dry, wet system.

4. preaction sprinkler system

(1) the system composition and working principle

Preaction sprinkler system is mainly composed of closed type nozzle, pipe network system, preaction valve pneumatic equipment, water supply equipment, fire detection and alarm systems, etc.

Preaction system, usually after preaction valve-pipe filled with compressed air or nitrogen (or ATM), fire, the fire detection system with automatic opening, preaction valve so that the pipeline filled with water is temporary wet system. Therefore, the requirements for fire detectors in actions before the nozzle of the action, and should ensure that, when closed sprinkler pipe heating when opening has been filled with water pressure. Action from the fire detector and open preaction valve began to sufficient water to flow to the farthest nozzle time should not exceed 3min, flow in water distribution pipes in flow should not be greater than 2m/s to determine preaction system network the longest distance protection.

In case of fire, the fire detectors detect fires, fire alarm control box open preaction valve, or preaction valve manually turned on, the water pipe network filled with water, when the Fire Department, the temperature continued to rise, the rapid water fire extinguishing nozzle opening. If there is fire, fire detector failure, not a beep signalStart preaction valve, fire department, the temperature continued to rise, so head on to open supply compressed air pressure quickly drop to pressure switch detects network pressure sags, pressure switch alarm signal through fire alarm control box can boot start preaction valve, fire. Therefore, for inflatable preaction system, even if the fire detector failure, preaction systems are working properly.

(2) the scope of application

Preaction system with a dry sprinkler systems and wet sprinkler systems characteristics, but also overcome the dry sprinkler system control and fire extinguishing rate low, the wet system easy to produce water-damaged. Therefore, preaction system can be used for dry systems, wet system and dry wet system can use any place, but also for some of these three systems are not suitable.

5. repeat the pre-action fire suppression system

From the wet sprinkler systems to preaction sprinkler system, closed sprinkler system is a great development, functionality is becoming increasingly sophisticated, the 1970s, has developed a new automatic sprinkler system, this system will not only be sprinkler, and when the fire is extinguished and automatically shuts down when fire then occurs, the system will still be able to restart the sprinkler, and this is repeated pre-action fire suppression system.
Repeated opening and closing of sprinkler system composition and working principle and similar preaction system. Repeat pre-action fire suppression system features:
(1) function better than in the past, all of the sprinkler system, its use is not subject to the control.

(2) the system will automatically close after the fire, the fire water savings, the most important thing is can be caused due to extinguishing water loss reduction to a minimum.

(3) fire sprinklers replaced, you can not turn off the system, the system is still in working condition is carried out immediately, nozzle or pipeline damage will not cause water damage.

(4) the system loses power, can automatically switch to battery operation, if the battery power before you run out, the solenoid valve to open the system to work in the form of wet system.

(5) duplicate pre-action fire suppression system cost is relatively high, generally only in special occasions.

6. the deluge system

Deluge system for the open-fire sprinkler system, the system uses the open sprinkler nozzles, case of fire, protect all the sprayer on zones with sprinkler.

(1) the composition of the system

Deluge system usually consists of three parts: the drive control system for fire detection, automated control system of group function valves; with open sprinkler automatic sprinkler system. Which fire detection drive control system can adopt fire detectors, transmission networks or fusible alloy lock seal to startup group of the valve. Fire detectors, transmission network, is fusible lock seal control automatically control means. When you use automated means, it should also be set manually for standby. The function of automatic control group valve system, use the rain shower valve or valves with wet alarm valve.

Deluge system can be divided into empty pipe deluge system and inflated deluge system of two types. Inflated deluge system of fire faster than empty pipe deluge system fast, practical application, in accordance with the requirements of the protection object to select the appropriate form.

In practice, the deluge system may have many different components, but it works in much the same. Deluge system is open type nozzle, spray the entire protected area at the same time. In case of fire, the fire detection system perceived fire, control of rain water valve opening, connected and rain pipes, the water fire extinguishing nozzles.

(2) the scope of application

Deluge system suitable for burning fiercely, spread rapidly building constitute a serious risk, such as theater venues in the upper part, large Studio, film studios, and so on. If these buildings use closed sprinkler systems, fire, flame directly influence water spray nozzles are opened and closed the nozzle opening slower than the speed of the spread of fire. Therefore, you cannot quickly water control fires.

(3) shower system features:

① deluge system quick response, it is the use of fire detection drive control system to turn on the system. As a result of the fire to the fire detection and alarm transmission control system of time shorter than the closed-type nozzle opening time of the deluge system reaction time than closed sprinkler system much faster. If the use of inflated deluge system, its reaction rate is faster, and more conducive to water fire as soon as possible.

② system fire control area is big, heavy water. Deluge system is open sprinkler, fire, protection of all the sprayer with water fire extinguishing, can effectively control the spread of fire, fire prevention, fire fighting water consumption is very early, can help you quickly put out a fire.

7. water curtain system
Water curtain system is open type automatic sprinkler system. Water curtain system nozzle into 1 ~ 3 row arrangement, the water sprays into the water curtain-shaped, with flame, fire, can prevent flames through the opening area, preventing the spread of fire, cool fire insulation, reinforced its fire resistance and be able to fight local fire.

(1) the system composition and working principle

The composition of the water system and the deluge system comprises three key components: driving control system for fire detection, control valve system, with the water curtain spray nozzle, automatic sprinkler systems.

Water system works, and works the same with the deluge system, when there is a fire, the fire detectors or discovered fire, electric or manual open control valve, then the system passes the water curtain spray water nozzle, flame, fire or cooling fire Panel. Control valve can be a deluge valve, solenoid valve and gate valve manually.

(2) the main characteristics of the
BR > the water curtain system is an automatic sprinkler system only not to fire for the primary purpose of the system. Water curtain system can be installed in the stage gate, doors and Windows, holes used to flame, fire, the fire partition does not spread through these channels. Water curtain system can also be combined with fire shutter, fire curtain, etc., used to cool the fire cut off in order to enhance their fire resistance performance. Water curtain system can also be used as a means of fire protection district, in a building area of more than the requirements of the fire prevention Division, and the process requirements and does not allow you to set the fire cut off from the water curtain system can be used in place of fire room facilities.

(3) the scope of application of the water curtain system

① over 1500-seat theatre and more than 2000-seat Hall, Auditorium, stage, and the stage is connected to the side of the bed, the background of the window and door openings.

② fire shutter and the upper portion of the fire scene.

③ should set up a firewall, fire doors and other Panel objects, but you cannot set the opening area. The adjacent building fire between spacing does not meet the requirements for the adjacent buildings of doors, Windows, holes, and combustible of eaves.

8, water spraying fire-extinguishing system

Water spraying extinguishing system is a high pressure water through specially constructed water spray nozzle, spray nozzle, spray droplets of average particle size generally 100 to 700 μ m. Water spray jet to burning, through the cooling and suffocation, dilution effects such as fire fighting.

Water spraying extinguishing system belongs to the open-fire sprinkler system.

(1) the composition and working principle

Water spray extinguishing systems can be designed as needed into fixed or mobile. Mobile is from a fire hydrant or fire pump outlet Strip, on the add-in installed spray gun. Mobile can be used as stationary water spraying system of auxiliary systems.

Stationary water spraying extinguishing system of General water spray nozzle, pipe, high pressure water supply equipment, control valves, fire detection and automatic control system, etc.

Working principle: water spraying fire-extinguishing system, network, filled with low pressure water, fire, fire detectors detect fire, control box, electric opened fire zone control valves, or by the transmission system for fire detection automatically open fire zone control valves and fire pumps, pipe pressure increase, pressure is greater than a certain value, water spray head pressure starting Cap off, together with the sprinkler nozzles.

(2) the scope of application and main features

Water spray system is mainly used for fighting the storage of flammable liquids places tank fire, can also be used to fire a dangerous plant, dust fire (explosive) dangerous workshop, as well as electrical, rubber and other special places of fuel types of fire danger.

Use water spray system, you should consider a secured object properties and characteristics of fuel fires, as well as the surrounding environment and other factors.
The following conditions you should not use a water spray extinguishing systems:

① When mixed with water from stiff response of substances, and water reaction after the dangerous substances;

② no appropriate relief devices, there is no drainage facilities cover the container;

③ fitted with heating operation temperature of 126 ° c above flammable hydraulic container without cover;

④ high temperature material that is easy to evaporation and distillation, the boiling out substances after overflow causing dangerous situations;

⑤ for runtime surface temperature 260 ° c above the device, when direct injection can cause serious damage to the device.

Water spray system features: high water pressure, water droplets sprayed out of small, evenly distributed, spray insulation, fire extinguishing time can produce a large amount of water vapor, cooling, fire suppression, smothering effect.