【 Weak current College 】 chemical fiber production fire danger and fire-fighting measures---Power By 【 China power house network 】

This article briefly describes China's chemical fiber production, especially oil and chemical fiber production of fire danger, identified a number of major raw materials and chemical characteristics and operating conditions for the production process; briefly describes the chemical fiber production enterprises, the measures taken by the fire. In implementing the "prevention, anti-connections," fire work policy, it is necessary to consider the safety and reliability, but also to reduce engineering investment to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises. Keywords for chemical fiber and chemical fiber raw materials fire risk operating conditions, fire extinguishing systems and fire facility that has a now accounted for 7% of the arable land in the world to solve the world's population is 22%, chifanchuanyi is a miracle in the world. But as the population continues to increase, land resource shortage grim situation also appear. Rely primarily on growing cotton and other natural fiber resources will increasingly unable to meet the people living and industrial textiles demand continues to increase. China (Taiwan), per capita consumption of about 5 litres of fiber, fiber consumption per capita in the world, 7.5 — the level of 8 litres of still have a long way to go. As a result of natural fibres (cotton, wool, linen, silk) under natural conditions, constraints, it is difficult to have a substantial increase in output. Therefore, only the development of chemical fiber (fiber) production is the total amount of Chinese textile fiber supply the only effective way. According to estimates each production a tons of chemical fiber can replace about 20 acres of cotton fields. After the liberation of China chemical fiber production from scratch, after chemical fiber production in the 1970s, particularly oil and chemical fiber production technology experienced a swift development. Our country has in Liaoning Yang, Shanghai Jinshan, Jiangsu yizheng, Henan Luyang and Tianjin, and building a large petrochemical, chemical fiber production base, chemical fiber yield increases every year. 1997 annual $ 422 million tons, the world's total production of 20.3%, has leapt to the world of chemical fiber production first nation, the speed of development of world attention. Although greatly eased the pressure of market demand, but still unable to satisfy domestic demand and the needs of the textile exports, annual imports from abroad a large number of chemical fiber and chemical fiber production of raw materials.　　According to statistics, 1997 chemical imports up to 180 million tons in 1998, imports 171 million tons. Chemical fibers and synthetic man-made fibres can be divided into two broad categories. Man-made fibres such as viscose, acetate fiber, copper-fiber; synthetic fiber have polyester (pet), PA (polyamide), Pan (Pan fiber), spandex (polyurethane fiber), the vinylon (polyvinyl alcohol fiber) and pp (polypropylene), etc. China Petroleum and chemical industry's rapid development, has led the rapid growth of chemical fiber production. Chemical fiber production process uses raw materials and fuel are flammable, explosive substances, process operating conditions are high temperature, high pressure or pressure. According to their characteristics and operation conditions of production, production of fire danger many classified as class a, b and c, safety and fire-fighting work very high requirements. According to incomplete statistics, new chemical fiber production enterprise of fire special investment accounts for total investment of 0.5 — 0.8%, equipment acquisition costs accounted for about 40%, and installation cost approximately 60%. For raw materials and fuel tank farm engineering fire facilities cost accounting to engineering investment of 5-6%. Therefore, in the project to carry out the "prevention, suppression and fire work policy", in accordance with national and industry-related specifications, standards, take proven fire protection measures, it is necessary to consider the safety and reliability, but also to seek economic reasonable notice to reduce construction cost, in order to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises. A, chemical fiber and chemical fiber raw materials commonly used chemical raw materials and chemical properties of the sequence name molecular formula, molecular weight boiling point melting point density flash point ignition and explosion limit incendiary purposes 0C 0C d420 0C 0C ceiling lower combustion of carbon disulphide 1 use CS2 76.13 46.25-108.6 1.2629-30 102 1.0 50.0 level flammable liquid solvent viscose fibre production 2 p-xylene (PX) C8H10 106.16 138.4 13.2 0.8611 32 464 1.0 6.0 flammable liquid raw materials for production of Terephthalic acid 3 Terephthalic acid (TPA) C8H6O4 166.13 300 1.51 147 678 0.03 combustible liquid polymer raw 4 ethylene glycol (EG) C2H6O2 62.07 197.6-13.2 1.115 116 413 3.7 15.3 combustible liquid polymer raw materials 5 diethylene glycol (DEG) C4H10O3 106.12 244.4 1.113 123.9 228.9 2.0 combustible liquid component cleaner 6 TEG (TEG) C6H14O4 150.17 287.8 1.1 176.7 371.1 0.9 9.2 combustible liquid component cleaning 7 acrylonitrile (AN) C3H3N 53.064 77.3-83.5 0.8055-1.11 481 3.1 17.5 level combustible liquid acrylic raw 8 methacrylate (MA) C4H6O2 86.09 80.5-76.5 0.9535-2.78 2.8 25.0 level combustible liquid acrylic 9 second monomer vinyl acetate (VA) C4H6O2 86.09 72.5-100.2 0.9312-7.78 426.67 2.6 13.4 level combustible liquid acrylic raw 10 Dimethylamine (DMA) C2H7N 45.09 52.0 0.895-10.0 400 2.8 4.4 level combustible liquid acrylic raw 11 dimethylacetamide (DMAC) C4H9NO 87.00 165.5-20.0 3.01 77.22 1.8 13.8 combustible liquid acrylic, ammonia纶等生产溶剂 12 二甲基甲酰西安（DMF） C3H7NO 73.095 153.0 -61 0.953 57.7 445 2．2 15.2 可燃液体 腈纶，氨纶等生产溶剂 13 已内酰胺 C6H11NO 113.16 139 68 1.05 可燃固体或熔融体 锦纶6生产原料 14 已二酸 C6H10O4 146.14 337.5 151 1.36 196 可燃固体 绵纶66生产原料 15 已二胺 C6H16N2 116.20 115 29 0.874 1.1 7.5 可燃液体 绵纶66生产原料 16 醋酸（HAC） C2H4O2 60.05 118.1 16.6 1.049 57.2 426.7 5.4 16.0 可燃液体或结晶 醋酸纤维生产原料 17 二乙胺（DEA） C2H11N 73.14 55.4 0.7072 -21.6 312.2 1.8 10.1 一级易燃液体 氨纶生产原料 18 二甲基亚砜 C2H6SO 78.13 1.1 2.6 28.5 可燃液体 腈纶，氨纶生产溶剂 19 甲醛 CH2O 30.03 -21 -92 1.095 56 430 7.0 73 可燃液体 维纶生产原料 20 甲醇 CH4O 32.04 64.96 -93.9 0.7914 6.0 36.5 一级易燃液体 聚乙烯醇生产原料 21 联苯—联苯醚混合物（HTM） 166(平均) 256-258 11.5 1.050-1.075 115 540 0.99 3.36 易燃液体 热载体 22 改性三联苯（HTM） 244（平均） 339 1.04 177 390 易燃液体 热载体 二、化纤和化原料生产工艺操作条件 序号 名称 反应温度（0C） 反应压力（Mpa） 1 化纤浆粕生产 170 0.85 2 粘胶纤维黄化工序 初温22±1；终温32±1 >600mmHg真空度 3 精对苯二甲酸（PTA）生产 低温氧化法120-125 2.8-3.5 高温氧化法190-200 2.9 4 对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）生产 氧化酯化法270 12 5 聚酯(PET)生产 酯化180-235 常压 缩聚275-280 0.1-0.3 6 聚酯纤维生产 切片纺280±1 >0.5 直接纺280±3 >3.0 7 聚酰胺6聚合 285-320 常压 8 聚酰胺6纤维纺丝 320-335 8.5-11.3 9 聚酰胺66聚合 260-290 1.47-1.96 10 聚酰胺66纤维纺丝 290 1.7 11 聚丙烯腈纤维纺丝 湿法纺76-81 常压 干法纺60±0.1 常压 12 聚丙烯聚合 淤浆法50-80 0.5-1.0 13 聚丙烯纤维纺丝 300-310 0.5-1.0 14 聚乙烯醇纤维纺丝 64-65 常压 15 聚胺脂纤维生产 聚合70 常压 干法纺200 常压 三、化纤和化纤原料生产及储存物品的火灾危险性分类类别 生产装置工序或储存物品名称 甲类 1、二硫化碳的粗馏、精馏及储存 2、粘胶纤维黄化工段 3、精对苯二甲酸（PTA）氧化和精制工段 4、对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）催化剂、助齐的储存和配制 5、对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）与乙二醇的酯交换、甲醇回收工段 6、聚酰胺6的环已烷氧化、环已醇与环已酮分馏、环已醇脱氢、已内酰胺苯萃取精制、环已烷储存 7聚酰胺66的环已烷储存、环已烷氧化、环已醇与环已酮氧化制取已二酸、已二腈加氢制取已二胺工段 8丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、异丙醚、异丙醇储存 9聚丙烯腈的聚合、回收和萃取工段 10聚乙烯醇生产中间产品储存、乙炔或乙烯与乙酸催化合成乙酸乙烯、甲醇醇解生产聚乙烯醇、甲醇氧化生产甲醛、缩合为聚乙烯醇缩甲醛工段 乙类 1、聚酰胺6的环已酮肟化，贝克曼重排工段 2、聚酰胺66的已二酸氨化、脱水制取已二腈工段 3、聚乙烯醇生产的醋酸储存 4、乙二醇回收工段 5、已二酸储存 6、聚氨酯储存 7、氧气站、空分站 丙类 1、对苯二甲酸乙二酯缩聚、造粒、熔融、纺丝、长丝后加工、料仓、中间库、成品库 2、精对苯二甲酸的酯化、聚合工段、料仓、纺丝、切片库、原料库、成品库 3、聚酰胺6的聚合、切片、料仓、纺丝、长丝后加工、中间库、成品库 4、聚酰胺66的成盐（已二胺已二酸盐）、结晶、料仓、纺丝、长丝加工、中间库、成品库 5、聚丙烯腈纤维的纺丝、长丝后加工、毛条、中间库、成品库 6、聚乙烯醇熔融纺丝、长丝后加工、中间库、成品库 7、其他化纤生产的干燥部位 8、乙二醇储存 9、热媒站 10、油浸变压器室、配电室（每台装油量大于60公升的设备） 丁类 1、化纤生产后加工润湿部位 2、锅炉房 戍类 1、化纤浆粕蒸煮工段 2、不燃液体的泵房和阀门室 3、不燃液体的净化处理工段 四、消防对策 （一）灭火设施 　　化纤和化纤原料Production, particularly oil and chemical fiber and chemical raw materials for production of fire danger, fire loss is also large. 　　Therefore, in factory planning and design, you have depending on production traits and fire risk, in accordance with the requirements of current fire codes, effective fire fighting facilities. 1, hydrant system: chemical fiber production enterprise water generally use production, life, fire merge system, according to temporary high suppression. For large and giant oil chemical fiber joint enterprises, the use of private fire water supply system, the press often run high suppression. In order to maintain the required pressure fire, usually in the fire pump stations with voltage pump (a used one slave) cover to maintain dedicated fire water pipe network pressure, in the event of fire until the fire pump to start big. Because private fire water pipe network system network system using carbon steel pipe, water leakage loss is small, the resulting voltage pump stops frequently. To this end, the use of countermeasures is dedicated to the end of the fire water pipe network to the appropriate location of additional connecting pipe and the production of pipes connected, intermediate settings check valve group so that both addresses the special fire water pipe network's "dead water" problem, but also solves the problem of water pump starts heavily regulated. 2, indoor hydrant system: General requirements in the fire box or carton set manual fire alarm button. 3. stationary water spraying system: for important production equipment cooling of steel bracket of protection so as to avoid the fire as the heating of steel bracket when equipment and equipment falling accident. Design water spray intensity General take 6L/min.m2, nozzle pressure 0.4Mpa. 4. automatic sprinkler system: for acrylonitrile, acrylic, polyester, and other production workshop, raw materials, intermediates and finished product library etc, according to the production process requirements and location of the climatic conditions, were selected for wet, dry or preaction sprinkler system. 5, water curtain system: chemical fiber production powerhouse general building area, a joint workshop area 60000m2, production processes require certain parts is not allowed to set the firewall or the firewall must open; or use the up and down through airshaft leakage space daughter Board, in accordance with the Division of fire prevention code request to be reasonable, and some parts of the fire element must provide the water curtain as fire Panel. Chemical fiber factory setting of adopt the manual on water in General. 6, foam extinguishing systems: chemical fiber and chemical fiber raw material production, the use of large quantities of flammable, explosive chemical raw materials, such as sulfur dioxide, xylene, acrylonitrile, methacrylate, methyl alcohol, diethylamine, vinyl acetate, fire danger, fire retardant specifications set by fixed or semi-stationary foam fire extinguishing system, some also requires use of anti-foaming liquid with alcohol. In addition, in the storage tank is also required for stationary cooling water facilities. In recent years, the design of a petroleum chemical enterprises 5000m3 xylene (PX) tank construction, the use of private water sprinkler, water discharge 0.45L/S, the working pressure 0.4Mpa, better results. 7. carbon dioxide extinguishing systems: chemical fiber and chemical fiber raw material production enterprises some unattended in important places, such as motor control center (MCC) and other key sites, take carbon dioxide fixed fire-extinguishing equipment. 8. for such distillation, recovery Tower open device, fixed water cannon (with frame water gun) for protection. 9, emergency fire-fighting facilities for early fire fighting in a timely manner is very effective. 10, chemical fiber and chemical fiber raw material production enterprises should first consider fully rely on municipal fire station of fighting ability, when conditions are not met, the requirements of its own fire station. Large petrochemical chemical fiber production enterprises have their own fire station. (Ii) 1 fire alarm facilities, production workshops, control room, switching House and other places set with address coding of fixed temperature-sensors, smoke detectors, alarm buttons, sound and light alarm systems and fire alarm controller in second bus system, fire alarm system. 　　In addition, setting fire to a dedicated telephone will fire information, timely and accurate reporting to the fire control centre and the fire station. 　　2, explosion-proof requirements, such as acrylic, polyester, and other production workshop, set the type of explosion-fire detectors and alarm buttons, explosion-proof telephone composition of automatic fire alarm system. 　　3, in the chemical fiber and chemical fiber raw material production preparation and so easy to aggregate the solvents explosion, set explosive gas gas concentrations (or dust concentration) detector, when the explosion gases concentration (or dust concentration) reach the alarm values, in a timely manner the signal sent to the distributed control system (DCS), and the issue of a sound and light alarm signal. (3) smoke facilities burning of combustible, flammable, poisonous gas, Wei Xie personal safety, should be excluded, prevent smoke diffusion in order to ensure smooth evacuation and fire-fighting personnel security. Should the specification requires the correct classification of smoke partition, rational selection of exhaust smoke (natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, and when convection cell strong pressure air, etc.) and qualified way exhaust equipment.