【 Weak current College 】 CCTV new site under construction with building fires lessons

February 9, 2009 20: 26, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China's CCTV new subsidiary under construction because of illegal discharge of large cultural shell in case of serious fire. The rapid spread of fires, smoke and flames were once ran high 100 meters until 2 am the following day before it is put. Fire severely damaged the cultural center, too far in the area of 10 000 m2, in rescue 7 fire officers and soldiers were injured, trapped, hongmiao figure fire Squadron instructor Zhang jianyong a heavier, the Hospital where invalid sacrifice, only 30 years old. Fire another 1 000 workers were injured.
The fire is nearly 60 years, the Beijing fire officers and soldiers in the fire in the largest number of victims of the fire.
CCTV new cultural center building, construction area of 103648m2 3 underground, ground floor, 30, high 159m glass curtain wall. National investment 9 billion, in 2005 the national day this year started, plan the sixtieth anniversary of the first completed and put into use. Fire main structure has already been completed, has entered the project closeout stages, some of the rooms the owners already, install the device. The height of the fire services terms, to the 24m 100m of civilian buildings as tall buildings, height over the civil construction to 100m super high-rise building. The burning of the building that belongs to the high-rise building. Its main building is the CCTV building, higher than it, the larger is to Beijing landmark building. From the Earth's surface, the two buildings are separate, in fact, apart from 200m underground are mutually connected. This fire fighting, fire officers and soldiers to fight in the struggle with building fires at the same time, efforts should be made to protect the main building, making it safe and sound. This is the fire and rescue success.
Beijing existing height in Super high-rise building 100m over more than 60, in fighting the fire died in Super high-rise building, Zhang jianyong hongmiao fire Squadron instructors was the first person. In order to rescue fire fighting, he risked his life, boarded 159m tall buildings, selfless sacrifice, sacrifice. Commendable. 1969 November 11, fire alarm, Zhang Qi in the fighting from the ground and more than 100 m deep of Beijing Subway fire killed, unforgettable. A high-rise building fire, one is the underground building fire, is the world's two major fire protection sector.
Cultural Center building, although as with building, but the size is very big, including a hotel and a 1500 seat theatre and ancillary rooms, digital cinema, multi-function Hall, digital transmission equipment room, press releases, exhibition hall, audio-visual rooms able to host the important function of the TV. The fire loss amounts, the current official has not yet been published, the media is estimated at several hundred million dollars, this is an astronomical. Will break since the founding of new China fire losses in Beijing.
The fire caused by the adverse effects, and is unprecedented. Because here there is a fire, not only above ground traffic forced closed subway line 10 is also forced to cease operations. To the fire as the Center, 4Km2, within the limits of prevailing against officers pulled picket line. Fire scene surrounding East third ring road, Chaoyang road traffic control. Fire victims, subway line 10 at 9: 58 minutes late full stop operation, the station sealing station. Because East traffic blockades, late 10 o'clock, East main road vehicles has been to sanyuan bridge, East of Beijing-Guangzhou railway bridge traffic basic interrupt. Because this building high-rise building fire, live in a nearby residential building of 296 households 626 inhabitants were evacuated, transfer to safety. In short, since the fire, to have a few 10 million people are frightened and inconvenience. CCTV's Director of open, public apology to Beijing, this history in Beijing is also the first time.
According to the Beijing Municipal Fire Department Deputy Secretary Luo original said: 119 command Center received the alarm, rapidly deployed 27 fire Squadron, 85 fire scene. Into the fire and rescue soldiers up to 595. However, the fire building higher than 60m still unable to fully control. Because the water not to fire, fire trucks, water gun can only achieve 60m, Tower, also in construction, the building currently does not have a fire-fighting water sources.
Beijing city fire station existing 1 lift high capacity of the tower ladder, its 90m effective water capacity cannot meet the high-rise building fire rescue. After only 6 small battles to fight the fire fight visible fire fighting, the degree of difficulty.
After the fire, the Beijing Municipal Government held an emergency meeting to require profound lessons in all units, fully ready to fire from fire. What lessons should be learned? according to the author's humble opinion, raised the following points, for reference purposes only:
1, don't forget the heavenly dry, easy-to-fire of regularity. Beijing saying: "the fifteenth snow lamp". CCTV new site under construction with building fire that day, it was the first lunar month 15 nights, ancient Lantern Festival. According to tradition, that if the snow is an excellent year, as rain moist earth will benefit the growth of paraquat. But last winter spring also strange, 110 days in a row, Beijing didn't rain and snow. Heavenly dry fire, this is a rule. Beijing Festival, usually to the end of the fifteenth, with building the fire, will always remember in people's minds.
2. in accordance with the scientific development concept, perfect Beijing fire facilities. The ancients said: "¹¤óûéææäêâ, its". Beijing urban construction development was rapid, high-rise buildings are springing up like mushrooms, which numbered more than thousand buildings, height 100m of up to more than 60. However, the development of Beijing's fire is far behind the development of urban architecture. In accordance with the high civil building design fire protection standard "GB50045 ~ 95 (2001)" building height more than standard layer 100m, and a building area of more than 1000m2 of public buildings, to set the roof helipad or for helicopter rescue facilities. "In fact, in Beijing opened the Super-tall height exceeding 100m public buildings, set up a few of these facilities. Japan Tokyo Fire Department fire hall helicopters, with seven fire helicopter; China's Taiwan Taiwan Taipei also operates helicopters fire brigade, with eight fire helicopter. China's capital Beijing has a fire-fighting helicopters. As far as I understand it, is currently under construction height exceeding 100mOf high-rise public buildings will be standardizing settings helipad. However, there is no fire helicopter landing pad or a roof!, no high apron medical units of the helipad is not too necessary! so, municipal construction should be holistic, scientific development. In fire agencies have yet to purchase fire helicopter before you can establish a collaborative programme with the air force, where a height exceeding 100m of super high-rise building fire, fire agencies shall inform the air sector, if necessary, request support assistance.
3. cover of high-rise glass curtain wall heat the cooling of buildings.
Since the United States after the events of the "9.11", world building high-rise glass curtain wall building boom has cooled. Built in China will not build a high-rise building, built not to build high-rise glass curtain wall, although controversial, in Beijing have been arguing for a long time. But arguing that more and more super high-rise building. In opposition to the construction of high-rise buildings of sound, super high-rise building glass curtain wall of security, especially including fire safety issues is difficult to guarantee is referred to as one of the largest factors that usually features diversified super high-rise building, equipment and very complex. Their own factors that may cause a fire. For super high-rise glass curtain wall, once formed, a fire of general building greater harm, and fire-fighting, evacuation difficult.
Therefore, in the tall buildings design fire protection standard of: glass curtain wall ¡¡¡¡, sills wall padding material should use rock wool, slag wool, glass wool, aluminum silicate cotton and other combustible material. When the outside wall with fire resistance is not lower than 1.00h wall, padding materials can also be used as flame retardant foam material. On no wall between Windows and sills wall glass curtain wall, must in each floor, along the inside of the glass curtain wall set height is not lower than 0.80m entity skirt fire resistance of wall, it should not be lower than for not 1.00h combustion material. Doing so helps to prevent and limit the spread of fire and the vertical direction. CCTV new site under construction with building facade decoration materials-South side of the glass curtain wall, facade for titanium Zinc plate, external wall insulation material is extruded plates, etc. What is the "actual extrusion plate?" is the polystyrene foam board. Its combustion performance, without the authority of the Department is unknown. For the characterization of its products in the fire, the commonly used oxygen index and UL-94 combustion, measure its performance. General oxygen index for 18-21 of flammability, 22-25 of self-extinguishing, 26-30 above the spot-flammability plastics. CCTV new site under construction with building the extrusion Board insulation, is that category, mostly flame-retardant polystyrene class. But the scene of the fire, burning rate this material very quickly. Therefore, in an instant from the top-level spread to the entire building. From the highest to the lowest layer raged. There is a scene of the video to prove that this is not inflammable material extrusion plate. Use of this material as a glass curtain wall or titanium Zinc plate wall linings, insulation is not secure and is not normative requirements. It is precisely because this kind of insulation materials, the fire has created since the founding of new China, the fire spread quickly. Currently, Beijing has built glass curtain wall or titanium Zinc plate wall skyscraper, mostly used for insulation. Worthy of attention. CCTV new site under construction with building fire in Beijing, China is not the first example.
2 August 2005 at 10: 17 am, Ma On Shan co., Ltd. in Anhui mengniu dairy ice cream factory North freezer in case of fire, in the fighting gonganxiaofangzhidui, fires in 17 hours is put. The fire burned cooling fan 12 sets, 2 sets of forklifts, 2 sets of conveyor and 2300 products, fire fire area 2400m2, and direct property losses of $ 3615300. Fire extinguishing process due to the cold steel structure under fire, fire fighters Zheng collapse of flying, Chi yan, ye brave sacrifice Xiaohui, 3 2 soldiers were injured. The environmental survey, the cold storage building area 2400m2, West 82m, 10 cross, North-South length 32m 4 24m across, high, double-layer structure, inner layer for library holding library. Its the thermal insulation material that is "extruded polystyrene foam board". Because a short circuit ignited insulation, evoked the fire, causing roof collapse. Firefighters in fire fighting, Dodge and the casualties. If the insulation is not using "extrusion plate," but with noncombustible insulation materials, the fire will not occur, or does not take away three firemen's life. Similarly, the CCTV new site under construction with building, if the external wall insulation material is not used "extrusion plate," and made of non-combustible insulation materials, the fire will not occur. Zhang jianyong hongmiao fire Squadron instructors will not be killed in rescue.
CCTV new site under construction with building fire, warned people to build high-rise glass curtain wall, the cooling down, at least, should arouse people with caution "extrusion plate", high-rise buildings, super high-rise building glass curtain wall, titanium Zinc plate wall insulation and cushioning material, should adopt a noncombustible type. To ensure safety.
4, high-rise buildings should set the refuge.
Under the high civil building design fire protection standard law stipulates that "the construction a height exceeding 100m public buildings, located refuge layer (room)," also provides: "the refuge of settings, from the first storey high-rise buildings to the first refuge layer or two asylum between layers, not more than 15 layer. "When used to fire the officers provide temporary shelter. If there is fire and other emergency occurs, the tallest building on the first floor of the nearest to the refuge temporarily hide and wait for rescue.
Beijing has more than 60 existing high-rise buildings, many of these settings have taken refuge House, the official did not layer. CCTV new site under construction with building is provided with refugee layer is unknown. If you are in the 15-and 30-layer settings have taken refuge layer, if fire agencies have on this formulation has Preplan, disaster prevention and make a walkthrough, mutual understanding, to the victory. The media says, our instructor Zhang jianyong is occupying from 30 layers to 8 layers were trapped on board, if the floor fire facilities, he can hide into 30 or 15 layers of refuge, without being smoke gas claimed his precious life.
5, Beijing Fireworks Xianfang should learn from Hong Kong and Singapore.
According to the Beijing Municipal Fire Department Deputy Secretary Luo original revealedThe fire is due to the owners of the units of the people do not listen to the civilian police discourage, bent on illegal fireworks. CCTV public apology, said: "Beijing fire investigation confirmed that the fire was due to the project owners management units CCTV new site construction engineering Office key stakeholders untreated escalation approval without authorization level breaches Fireworks lead."
In fact, in its new CCTV transgression of fireworks, this is not the first time. It is the supreme organ of the public prosecutor's daily reported that the CCTV new site held Fireworks has continued for 3 years. In 2007, the $ 30 million, in 2008 at a cost of 50 million Yuan, the $ 100 million in 2009. "Each show are in the main building and floor space between. "The newspaper also revealed that, on 9 February 1998 Office of CCTV staff who receive an SMS, I hope all of you to participate in the nights of fireworks.
Preliminary survey, responsible for on-site Fireworks Hunan sanxiang Fireworks manufacturing company with the discharge of A-grade qualification of fireworks, but does not discharge activities related sector, Beijing review and approval. Site preparation for the discharge of shell up to 700, the total value of up to one million, most of the shell when the conflict has left only the discharge, 21.
According to China's "fireworks safety and quality standards," Fireworks is divided into four levels, from highest to lowest order A, B, C, D. Where A class is a specialized display personnel under specified conditions of discharge. Starting from spring 2006, Beijing fireworks from the "no" instead of "limitations" on Fireworks implementation time, limit, limits, according to the varieties of Beijing, A level of fireworks in the city's sales and discharge, as necessary to the discharge of the subject to the approval of the relevant departments in Beijing.
Some people say, do not put the fire as a Fireworks-induced fire alone, and respond to cases of "no" instead of "limit" approach, strict control of the reform. The implementation of the Fireworks, limited to the time limit, the variety of discharge. Seem to control surface is not strict. The author believes should learn from Hong Kong and Singapore. Festivals, the Government authorities in a broad area of fireworks for civil liberties. If people like himself had fireworks of addiction. Administration to specify several safe place, where people can buy fireworks, pyrotechnic, not allowed to put in place of fireworks. If anyone in the specified location and time of fireworks, or own home storage or transport, carriage of fireworks is an offence. People put fireworks as dangerous explosives, we treat it as a toy. This is our weak performance of disaster prevention awareness.
Some people say that if the law enforcement authorities in the CCTV new site illegal fireworks to take decisive measures to the fire can be avoided. This view also makes sense. The occurrence of the fire, law enforcement authorities if there is not, as of the umpire. I would like to say that Beijing has 13 million population, to allow everyone to follow you on time, location and the variety of fireworks means easy! but if by Hong Kong, Singapore's approach to the control of fireworks, safer.
6. high-rise construction construction must ensure that the fire service at any time in place.
CCTV new site under construction with building fire, from the top 30 layers of Kindle's on first, then ignited 30 layers and the following layer "extrusion plate" insulation, formed the great fire. When the first batch of firefighters boarded 30 layers high roof, till we have here and the following layers are no fire-fighting water and cannot be, had to retreat. But building tactics, top flame spread speed down than firefighters down speed of the withdrawal. Therefore, seven firefighters were trapped in a fire burning in the floor.
According to the Beijing construction engineering facilities onsite fire safety management regulations, building height exceeding 24 construction works, should install temporary fire risers, officially put into use fire water system shall not remove or deactivate temporary fire risers. If there is no available near the site of a municipal water source, you must set up a temporary water tanks. Each temporary fire water tank to provide 10 to 15 minutes of water consumption.
The fire exposed the construction of a big flaw, if 30 layers and the following layer have fire water, so the fire will not cause such a heavy losses. Therefore, the authors urge: high-rise building construction must ensure that the fire service at any time in place. Law enforcement authorities in the performance of fire safety check should be the high-rise building construction site of the fire water sources are in place as an important component.
CCTV new site under construction with building fire occurs during the Spring Festival holiday, site downtime, construction area with few unattended, no one else, owners, because the project has not yet been completed, CCTV staff has not yet come in. Therefore, construction workers and CCTV staff (except for one site builders injured) are safe in the fire. This is the same misery.

Author: Wang Zhen, the National Library of China engineers, CFPA member, society for the history of Beijing, the forbidden city is a member of the Institute, Beijing cultural relics Protection Association, history and geography folklore society members in Beijing.