【 Weak current college 】 building fire partition---Power By 【 China power house network 】

First, the concept of a fire protection district
The so-called fire partition refers to the use of fire prevention Division out of separated measures, within a certain period of time to prevent fire to the rest of the same building and spread of local area (space unit). In building use partition fire partitions that measures can be buildings once a fire is effectively the fire under control in the proper range, reducing fire losses, while for the evacuation, fire fighting to provide favorable conditions.
Fire protection district, according to prevent fire to fire partitions spread functionality beyond the expansion can be divided into two classes: one is the vertical fire partitions, to prevent multiple layers or high-rise building layers and layers between the vertical spread of a fire; the second is the horizontal partition, to prevent fire spread horizontally expand.
Vertical fire partition refers to the use of better fire resistance performance of floor and wall between Windows (including the window wall), in the building's vertical orientation on each floor of the fire.
Horizontal partition refers to using a firewall or fire doors, fire shutter, fire compartmentation of the floors in the horizontal orientation of the fire area. It can prevent fires in floors spread horizontally. Application firewall to separate fire compartment. If there is difficulty, can fire shutter with cooling water or closed sprinkler systems, or use a separate fire curtain separated.

Second, the Division of fire prevention Division
From the perspective of fire protection, fire protection district as small, more conducive to ensure the fire safety of buildings. But if the partition is too small, you will inevitably affect the use of a building, obviously is not feasible to do so. Fire partition size determination should consider building use nature, importance, fire risk and building height, fire fighting and fire spread speed and other factors.
Our existing architectural design fire protection standard "," people's air defense engineering design fire protection standard, the senior civil building design fire protection standard "on the building area of fire protection district, in the design, audits and inspections must be combined with practical, strict implementation of the project.
(A) single-layer, multi-layer architecture Division of fire prevention Division
Single-layer, multi-layer buildings fire partition size is calculated in a construction area.
The fire protection district should note the following:
1. fire partition should be separated by a firewall, if you have difficulty, you can use to back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire shutter (more than 3-hour fire resistance), not to back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire shutter plus closed sprinkler system and fire water curtain with separated. Firewall on Windows and doors, fire doors and category should be used, and should be able to close.
2. buildings are equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, each layer of the maximum allowable construction area according to table 3.3.1.1 doubled. Local settings, increasing the area of the local area of 1 times.
3. a building where the upper and lower layer adjoining zouma Gallery, escalators, etc opening area, press up, down connectivity layer as a fire retardant partition, its building area of not more than table 3.3.1.1.
But the Atrium building, room, aisle and atrium of the opening area, communicating with its own closed class b fire door or fire shutter; communicating with Atrium Hall, channel, and so is equipped with class b fire door or curtain; every porch atrium with automatic fire alarm systems and automatic sprinkler system; and closed roof equipped with automatic smoke extraction facilities up and down the floor of the Atrium building area may not overlap calculation.
4. basement, semi basement fire, easy dispersal of personnel, firemen fighting difficult to fire partition size should be strictly controlled, provides the building's basement, semi basement Division of fire should be used in the firewall, its area of the partition should not be more than 500 square meters.
(B) the plant Division of fire prevention Division
Workshop each fire partition size of the maximum floor space shall comply with the requirements of the table 3.3.1.2. Multi-storey building tables maximum allowed footprint means each layer to allow maximum floor space.
The design-time fire compartment should note the following:
1. fire partition should be separated by a firewall. Opening doors and Windows opening on the firewall, you should use a fire-proof doors and Windows. A fire resistance rating, two-layer workshop (except for class a buildings) as an area of more than table 3.3.1.2 in value, set the firewall have difficulties available fire shutter or fire water are separated with, etc.
2. the level of fire resistance rating of multilayer and secondary fire resistance rating of single-layer, multi-layer textile factory (mafangchang excluded), the maximum allowable fire compartment covers may according to the requirements of the table in 3.3.1.2 increased 50%, but the above workshop opened package of raw cotton, Qing Hua workshop are separated by a firewall should be set.
3. a fire resistance rating, two-layer, multi-layer paper production joint workshop, its maximum allowable fire compartment covers can be provided by table 3.3.1.2 1.5 times.
4. a, b, r workshop equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, the maximum allowable fire compartment covers the requirements of the table 3.3.1.2 double; Ding, "workshop set automatic fire extinguishing system, its floor space is not limited. To increase the local creation of an area of the local area of 1 times.
(3) the Treasury Division of fire prevention Division
When the fire partitions, you should note the following:
1. fire partition should be separated by a firewall, open doors and Windows on it, you should use a fire-proof doors and Windows.
2. independent construction of ammonium nitrate, calcium carbide Treasury Treasury, Treasury, urea Treasury of polyethylene, coal Depot, as well as stations, wharves, airports of transit warehouse, its building area according to the requirements of the table 3.3.1.3 doubled, but the fire resistance rating should not be less than the second.
3. equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system of the Treasury, its building area according to the table and the above "3.3.1.3 2" provisions doubled.
4In the same block, the Treasury or the same firewall within the storage of several types of fire danger of different goods, its Treasury or cubicles of the maximum allowable construction area should be one of the greatest fire hazard materials.
(Iv) high level workshop fire partitions divided
High-rise building is the construction of more than 24 two-tier and two-storey building.
Mode a plant cannot be set in high-rise buildings. Fire resistance rating of high-rise buildings should not be lower than level 2.
The fire protection district, you should note the following:
1. fire partition should be separated by a firewall.
2. b, r workshop equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, its fire compartment area according to the requirements of the table 3.3.1.4 doubled; Ding, "workshop set automatic fire extinguishing system, the fire prevention Division building area is not limited. Local settings, increasing the area of the local area of 1 times. (5) tall to the Treasury Division of fire prevention Division
Senior Treasury refers to building height exceeding 24 second-tier and second-tier above to the Treasury. A, b and c combustible liquids should be stored in a senior Treasury. Fire resistance rating of senior Treasury should not be lower than level 2.
Senior Treasury is equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, the construction area according to table 3.3.1.5 doubled, local settings, increasing the area of the local area of 1 times.
(6) tall buildings Division of fire prevention Division
According to the tall buildings of fire hazards and characteristics of a high-rise building, combined with the actual situation in our country abroad for fire compartmentation of tall buildings.
The fire protection district should note the following:
1. the Division of fire prevention Division fire compartmentation in addition to firewalls, depending on the situation with fire shutter and fire drencher belt, etc.
2. equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, which allows fire compartment maximum floor space can be table 3.3.1.6 doubled; when the local settings for automatic fire extinguishing system, increasing the area of the local area of 1 times.
3. the high-rise construction in the commercial business Hall, exhibition hall, etc., when equipped with automatic fire alarm systems and automatic fire extinguishing system, and the use of non-combustion or difficult burning materials decoration, above-ground fire partitions allow for maximum floor space is 4000 square meters, the underground part of the fire prevention Division allows the maximum area is 2000 m2.
4. when the high-rise building and there is a firewall between the podium and so on fire to separate facilities, its podium fire partitions allow for maximum floor area should not be greater than 2500 square meters, equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, fire partitions allow for maximum floor space can be doubled.
5. the high-rise construction equipped with upper and lower layers are connected through a corridor, the open stairs, escalators, conveyors, etc opening area, you should press the up and down connectivity layer as a fire retardant partition, it allows for maximum floor space and should not exceed the requirements of the table 3.3.1.6. When the upper and lower opening area is equipped with fire shutter or curtain separated facilities, such as their size may not overlap calculation.
6. the high-rise construction fireproof partition size should be the area of the upper and lower layer connectivity, when superimposed over a fire protection district area, should take this section in the atrium of fireproofing measures.
7. in every department in the vicinity of the deformation of fire doors, the number should be located in the floor of one side, and the door after deformation joint should not be crossed.
8. set the firewall have difficult places, use the fire shutter for fireproofing, when using a back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire shutter fire resistance when it should not be less than 3h; when using not to back fire surface temperature rise for fire resistance determinant conditions of fire curtain, curtain side should be independent of the closed type of sprinkler system protection systems sprinkling duration should not be less than 3h. Nozzle spray intensity should be not less than 0.5L/S.M, nozzle spacing should be 2 m to 2.5m, nozzle spacing shutter vertical distance should 0.5m.
9. set the aisles in evacuation fire shutter should be set on both sides of the curtain opening and closing device, and should have the first movement, manual and mechanical control functions.
　　
Third, the glass curtain wall, the atrium and special parts and room of fireproofing
(A) of the glass curtain wall as a new kind of building element, with its light weight and very bright, crisp, dial, beautiful, decorative art effects, etc., since 70-80 's, the widely used in high-rise buildings.
1. glass curtain wall of fire risk
Glass curtain wall is made of metal components and glass exterior wall of the building envelope, the clear box, half-frame and hidden frame glass curtain wall. Constitute a glass curtain wall material: steel, aluminum, glass, stainless steel and sealants.
Glass curtain wall more fully seal, curtain wall of glass is often used heat reflective glass, tempered glass and so on. These glass high strength, but fire performance difference, therefore, once the building in case of fire, a fire risk considerably, mainly in the following areas:
(1) building in the event of fire, the indoor temperature will rise dramatically as the curtain wall of glass in early due to thermal stress fire effect is exploding and broken, causing the fire spread up from external to the building. General curtain wall of glass in the exploding around 2500C, falling off, so that large areas of glass curtain wall to become the fire up an important way to spread.
(2) vertical glass curtain wall and horizontal gaps between floors, is the proliferation of fireworks when the fire broke out. Due to the requirements of the building, constructed in the curtain wall and floor between the larger gaps, if its not seal or seal, pyrotechnics will spread this up, resulting in the spread.
2. glass curtain wall of fireproofing measures
In order to prevent the building fires caused by glass walls, large spread in setting glass curtain wall should satisfy the following requirements:
(1) equipped with sills wall ¡¡¡¡, (window walls) of glass curtain wall, the wall of fill material shouldRock wool, slag wool, glass wool, aluminum silicate cotton not burning materials. When the outside wall with fire resistance rating of not less than the non-burning body 1h, its walls cover material can be difficult to combustion materials such as foam, B1 level.
(2) no wall between Windows and sills wall (window walls) of glass curtain wall, each floor fire resistance along the setting out of not less than the height is not lower than 1h and not burning entity 0.8m skirt wall.
(3) each glass curtain wall and floor, wall, cracks, not combustion materials should be used to fill in dense.
(B) of the atrium of fireproofing
The Atrium is a breakthrough in the building of internal, and upper and lower floors create a beautiful natural environment with outdoor and indoor space.
It is a large building internal and down through the floor as the core of large space and the creation of a special architectural form, the height of the Atrium, a building with high, while the building's upper or lower part, because of the Atrium is up and down through large spaces, so give fire design made a number of new issues.
1. the fire risk of Atrium
(1) was on fire, smoke spread fast.
Atrium spaces, fire and smoke unrestricted expanding rapidly. Atrium space takes the form of the chimney, so easy to produce chimney effect, if in the atrium of the lower deck there is a fire, smoke will very easily into the Atrium space; if there is a fire in the atrium of the upper, Atrium space fireworks cannot drain out, to building other spatial diffusion; and thus quickly lead to all fire throughout the building.
(2) evacuation and fire suppression is difficult.
Atrium fires that involve multiple floors, extremely easy to form a solid fire spread because of smoke and fire, evacuation and fire fighting mutual intersection, personnel, causing chaos in the scene. In addition, due to the effects of smoke, fire, is bound to the evacuation and fire disaster caused great difficulty.
2. separate the atrium of the fire prevention measures
According to the characteristics of the atrium of the fire, in the domestic and international fire safety design of tall building atrium of specific practices, refer to foreign related fire safety norms, through the layers of Atrium should a fire Division calculation, when their size is greater than the fire partitions of construction area, you should take the following measures: fireproofing
(1) room and patio doors, corridors is same, you should set the channel class b fire door, window to control the fire spread to the layer;
(2) connected with the Atrium Hall, channel, etc, should be set class b fire door or the fire resistance is greater than 3h fire curtain separated, to control pyrotechnics to Hall, channel, spread;
(3) of the Atrium every porch should be set for automatic sprinkler system;
(4) the Atrium every porch should set the automatic fire alarm system and smoke extraction equipment and fire door interlock control.
(3) various kin well and other special parts of fireproofing
Architecture of kin to the tube well, not only is the fire spread from top to bottom, and the main approach is to call the pyrotechnics of channel, if fire improperly or not separated for appropriate fire protection processing, high temperature smoke will spread rapidly expanding, causing a serious risk to fight hard, physical security, increase fire losses. Elevator is important for vertical transport, elevator shaft generally and elevator halls, corridors and other rooms where, if a combustible gas and flammable and combustible liquids, wires (cable), once the fire poses a threat to the other tube well and entire building's security, therefore, on the building of these parts of the building structure should strictly required, specific measures to be taken following fire prevention;
1. low layer construction of pipelines and cables well should every 2-3 layers in the floor using the fire resistance is not lower than the non-burning body 0.5h Packer, the shaft should be in the fire resistance is not lower than the non-burning body 1h. Sidewall inspection door on class c fire doors should be used.
2. set the elevator shaft should be independent, well laid flammable gas is strictly prohibited and a, b, c liquid pipeline, and should not be laid and elevator-independent cable, wire, etc. In addition to the creation of the elevator shaft and vent hole elevator door, should not be offered other cave. Elevator door should not be using the door.
3. the high-rise construction of cable-well, well, exhaust pipes, exhaust road, trash and other vertical pipeline well, should be set up independently; the wall should be not less than the fire rating of not burning body 1h; sidewall inspection door on class c fire doors should be used.
4. building height no more than 100 m high building, with its cable and pipe shaft should be at intervals of 2-3 layers in the floor slabs with the equivalent Office of the fire resistance of combustion in a fire separation; building height more than 100 m high building, should be used at each floor is equivalent to the fire resistance of the floor is not burning body for fireproofing.
Cable and pipe wells, and rooms, corridors, etc. connected through the void of holes, their burning materials should be used not packing density.
5. waste should rely on external wall set road should not be located in the staircase, the trash of the vent should be directly open to the outside. Waste bucket yishe in garbage before the Interior, the road in front of the room should be used in class c fire doors. Garbage buckets should be nonflammable material manufacture, and be able to close.
6. building expansion joints, settlement joint, seismic deformation joint seam and other is one way to fire spread, especially longitudinal deformed joints with strong pull pyrotechnics effect, to do this, you must make a good fire. Deformation of joints of grass-roots should be can't burn material, its surface decoration layer use nonflammable materials, strict restrictions on the use of combustible materials. No deformation joints internal cabling, combustible gas pipeline and a, b, c liquid pipelines. If the cables, pipelines need to cross the deformational slots, should be in place through noncombustible material casing, and fills using noncombustible materials carefully filled in.
7. pipe through the floor, not combustion materials be void to fill all around.
8. cold storage using rice husk, foam and other combustible materials for thermal insulation of walls, use not burning insulation level fire belt. done Fire safety belt yishe level in each floor. Cold store mezzanine floor and the wall of the combustion of flammable insulation used not walls.