【 Weak current College 】 electrical fire---electrical switchgear of fire-Power By 【 China power house network 】

In electric power transmission and distribution, electrical transmission and automatic control system, it is often necessary to use electric switch-on and isolated power supply. Electrical switch in power plants, substations, and mining. Transport enterprises and agriculture, and other units and departments have a wide range of applications, is energy production, transmission and distribution of applications, such as links in electrical equipment. An automatic switch of fire 1. fire risk is mainly used for the automatic switch and Protection Division. DC electrical equipment, low voltage power supply system, if improper selection, mistake, lack of maintenance, an institution failures, poor contact. Dephased or by setting the value too large to be protective equipment when you cannot overload such phenomena, motion will lose protection role in causing the damage, the electrical equipment and electrical equipment along with burning, explosion and other phenomena that may ignite combustibles, causing a fire. Furthermore, the auto switch general control over a range of overall electric power system, therefore, because the switch failure caused by the loss and disasters can be quite large. 2. fire precautions (1) automatic switch models should be based on the use of premises, rated current load, release rated current, long and short delay action current value size and other parameters to select, must meet safety requirements. (2) automatic switch should not be installed in flammable, affected by the earthquake, humidity, high temperature, more dust, but should be installed in the dry. Bright, easy to repair and construction, and should be equipped with an electrical cabinet. Box, the installation is complete, enable the former to ensure good contact with the magnet. (3) operator, release. Contact points and the rotating part is automatically switch easy failure, use 1/4 mechanical life, you must add lubricating oil, remove burrs ash to be filthy. Welding-contact and maintenance work, such as fastening screws. Second knife switch, tebi switch and down smoothly switch of fire 1. fire risk three switch is mainly used for lighting, heating, motor control and other small electrical appliances-current-in-control, because of its use of universality and extensive range of objects, their fire risk is relatively large. In the event of an overload, fever, insulation damage, the lack of running, institution failures caused by short circuit and electric shock and bad because of the knife-edge. Knife switch and conductor connect relaxation, local heating, electric arc and other phenomena, ranging from damaging electrical systems up and running, and the resulting fire power. 2. fire precautions (1) knife switch should be based on the rated current and rated voltage for rational use, is strictly prohibited overloading. Its rated current for the motor rated current of 2.5 times. When you install, you should choose dry and bright, and equipped with dedicated distribution box. Power pick on a static contact, switch required installed to dress form, but should ensure close knife, convenient and flexible action. In the course of using the switch on a regular basis to check and wire the edgy and knife-contact Department is in contact with good, switch plastic box, porcelain base. Handle such damage, etc. (2) the use of iron can switch should be reasonable selection switch models, is strictly prohibited to use long time overload. Guarantee of good steel earthing switch. Insert fuse damaged should be replaced in a timely manner. Do not use other conductors used instead of the melt. Mechanical interlocking device and do not cover damage. after adventure (3) down with switch selection should be based on motor capacity and work situation. In the fall with switch should be loaded before level can cut off the three-phase power control switch and fuse. Down with switch per month at least one time inspection and repair. To find contact bad, thickness and wear half or less, and there are cracks, loosening phenomenon, you should power be replaced and repaired. (4) wet sites should use pull cord switch. Storage of flammable, explosive, corrosive substance room should be switched on in the outdoor or suitable place, or the corresponding explosion-proof and corrosion-proof switch. (5) neutral grounding system, single-stage switch must be received in the line of fire that prevent a short circuit occurred in the battle ground fire. Three contactors of the fire risk of fire (1) it is necessary to (1) contactor contacts spring pressure is too small. Contact welding, body stuck, cores polar phenomena such as the accumulation of grease causes the contactor does not release the power of long-term continuity, extremely easy to short-circuit a fire caused by line, and may cause electric shock and other malignant personnel. (2) contactor power supply voltage is too high or too low, inconsistent with the actual coil parameters, operating frequency is too high, adverse environmental conditions (such as moist. High temperature and corrosive gases, etc), motion part stuck, exchange of core grievances or gap significantly phenomena such as overheating will cause coils, causing a fire or burning. (3) the reasons caused a short circuit between phases: reversible switching contactors of the chain is not reliable, error allows two different timing of contactor while running; contactor operation time synchronization; conversion process produces the arc; the dust buildup, parts contact damage inch. 2. fire precautions (1) contactor installation should check the nameplate and technical data on the coil is in line with the actual usage requirements. Check and adjust the contact as required by the operating parameters and enable the action very contact synchronization. Ensure that the active portion of the contactor action without delay. (2) pay attention to clean the iron core extreme surface rust inhibiting oil. Connection to prevent the screws, washers and other parts fall into the internal clearance caused stumped and short circuit. The contacts needed to guarantee a firm no loose. (3) use not connected before the main contact of the power to attract coil, numbers, time to check the contactor action really reliable. Reversible conversion of contactor may also consider adding machine chain organization to ensure reliable chain. (4) for contactor frequent and timely work characteristics, monthly maintenance a contactor parts, fastening the contacts, the timely replacement of damaged parts, ensure that the contacts clean innocent. (5) contactor should normally be installed in a dry, less dust control boxes and its ARC device cannot conceivably avoid damage. Four control relay of fire 1. fire hazard control relay itself fire risk and not too big, but because of its automatic control and power supply system has an important role, once the operator error or mechanical failure actions, the consequences will be very serious. 2. fire precautions (1) control relay in the selection, in addition to the coil voltage. Current should meet the requirements, you should consider the accused objects to delay time, tripping current multiplier, contact numbers, and other factors.(2) control relay to be installed in small tremors, less dust, dry places, on-site non-inflammable. Explosive substances exist. After installation you must check whether the secure portions of contacts, contact contact is good, there is no insulation damage, confirm that installation is correct before running. (3) as the control relay actions are frequent, back to this must be done monthly maintenance at least twice. In addition to routine inspection, the focus should check whether the contact points of contact, there is no good insulation ageing, time the necessity should measure the insulation resistance values. In addition you should also note keep dust-free control relay clean to ensure they work properly.

【 Weak current College 】 warehouse fire---explosives warehouse fire-Power By 【 China power house network 】

Explosives storage refers to store gunpowder and explosives, ammunition and explosive. It includes chemical reagent repository used for storing explosives class reagents (e.g. m-diazo phenols, picric acid, etc.). Explosives warehouse type fire chemical product pool, some ammunition plant raw materials library, material supply sector of blasting equipment and mine independent or joint set of explosive, chemical reagents pool of explosives class reagents and large blasting of temporary total explosive class reagents and large blasting of temporary total explosive library and detonators library, etc. Explosives storage under heat, electrical energy, solar energy, and other external energy by combustion and explosion-prone, and explosion powerful, enabling a range of people, animals, architecture, bridges, a tremendous damage or injury. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the explosives warehouse fire management. First, fire risk 1, open fires and fire-induced warehouse explosion. 2. explosives are strong friction, impact, vibration violent reactions, release a large amount of heat and gases, causing the warehouse fire and explosion. 3, excess, obsolete stocks which explosives-caking, moisture, produce an explosion. 4. nature incompatible with explosives mixture of storage, transportation and packaging is damaged. Debris, mixed with human causes. Breaking II, explosion-proof measures 1. explosives warehouse fire safety requirements (1) library site selection ① as explosives explosion of seismic waves, shock waves, shock-liquid, explosive debris, spread to a large extent, the explosion of high temperature will cause a fire, so the explosives warehouse library access must be selected in a far away from cities and Outback open area. Mountain and hilly areas, mining cave built library or use the existing natural terrain for barrier. ② Library site is an important road around. Bridges, ports, airports, important buildings and residential areas must maintain adequate safety distance. At present, domestic on explosives warehouse and surrounding buildings of air shock wave safety distance requirements to the explosives safety equipment factory design and of the explosion safety regulations as a basis for selection. ③ selecting Library site, to prevent explosion pressure relief negative, resulting in losses, you should avoid narrow gully, set at the foot of the mountain or in the Alpine valleys; to avoid affected by earthquake, flood, landslide and debris flow threat should avoid seismic zone. Dry river, near the seasonal rivers and soil loose or vegetation bad security zones within the region; shall not be an additional buildings and other facilities that are not allowed to conduct blasting operations. (2) no excess stockpiling explosives total warehouse area single explosives warehouse allows maximum deposit charge, under the civil explosives factory design security code to perform specific provisions. Use units of storage capacity, to meet the requirements for the three months to consider, according to the surrounding environment make the appropriate changes. (3) rational arrangement of the Treasury as explosives have a characteristic — provides a space for explosive, adjacent Office of explosives will be followed by an explosion, namely "anti-explosive", so the Treasury and treasury stock must be under the charge and inventory of drugs, security facilities to determine the minimum safe distance, anti-explosive or because of improper results from ask chain-type explosions. (4) the Treasury building should be consistent with the requirements of the Treasury should be a single-layer ① building, constructed with rectangular plane. Walls, columns, beams and roof, the use of nonflammable materials. Black powder, nitroglycerine warehouse with brick, light fragile roof. Explosives, ammunition, explosive and fuze warehouse with brick, concrete roof. ② Gunpowder and explosives warehouse should be can't happen spark ground; electrostatic sensitive and explosive library should be used in cement mortar on the secondary ground based conductive rubber. ③ storehouse door yishe double fan doors, door opening to the outside, a width of not less than 1.5 m, no threshold, should not be used hanging doors, side door or doors, need to set the external doors and loading and unloading terminals, both inside and outside the two-story gate towards consistent. Security number of the export of no less than two, to any point within the library to a safety export of distance not greater than 15 meters. Area of less than 220 square metres of warehouse, you can export a security to ensure that any point within a warehouse to a safe distance not greater than exports of 30 m. Windows should be set and the anthem or slats, sunny window to set sun visor or painted on glass, since the paint or frosted glass. Vents to prevent blocking protection, barbed wire, mice and other small animals into the Treasury. ④ store powder absorbs drugs, black powder. Explosive warehouse, indoor walls, floors should be floated should smooth, solid, moisture-proof, anti-corrosion and without cracks. ⑤ the Treasury should maintain good ventilation, suitable temperature. Especially in the hot season, should take appropriate cooling measures. ③ warehouse to half underground warehouse for the best, the library should have ventilation to the ground. (5) setting non-nurse nurses embankment embankment to a certain extent, can serve to block explosion flame, shock wave, explosive debris around the destructive effect of adjacent buildings and withstand explosion on the role of threat to the Treasury, and can greatly reduce the security gaps, and help to save space. On the dike height generally should not be lower than the Treasury eaves, preferably above the roof 1.5 meters; its upper width not less than 1 m, width according to soil still lower (generally from 45 degrees). Earth dike shook line and warehouse walls should be left between 2 ~ 3 metres distance, and drains. (6) to protect the safety of power supply facilities ① warehouse shall not be arbitrarily set up over electrical lines, the warehouse itself and all the electrical equipment shall be eligible products. ② library within the electrical lines shall use pin mounted cables laid along the ground, or copper-core rubber insulation wire wear iron pipe installation, in the entrance separate earthing. ③ the use of overhead line power supply, with the introduction of client should pick the lightning rod, and shall be not less than 50 metres in length of the cable into the Treasury. ④ wire insulation strength not less than 500 Volt, not allowed to pass through the embankment against nurses. Must pass through, you should take to ensure the security and ease of maintenance measures. ⑤ Treasury may use explosion-proof lamps, or the library outside of the lamp and mounted on a wall niche within the Treasury. Small warehouse or night little cargo warehouse, it is best not to pack light. Occasionally at night and leaving goods available torch lighting,You may not use the mobile electric lighting. ③ area within the communications equipment of its conductor insulation strength not less than 250 Volt. (7) installing the necessary lighting equipment ① explosives warehouse must take proper measures to protect against lightning, Thunder and lightning induced directly. Lightning waves of incursions. ② to prevent direct lightning strike, usually in the storeroom fitted around lightning. Warehouse sections must be located within the scope of protection of a lightning rod. ③ Stockpiling detonator, RDX and TNT, explosive and other high power of explosives and a warehouse of explosives should be set and lightning strikes back, lightning lightning protection and lightning protection system of electric wave invasion. (8) equipped with appropriate fire-fighting facilities ① explosives warehouse should set the necessary fire equipment, fire water tank and fire water pipe. Fire water tank to maintain a sufficient amount of water, a large area of water conservation in 100 ~ 200 m ', a smaller area of water conservation in 50-70 m '. Fire water pipe fire water consumption by 20 liter/sec. Fire-fighting equipment should be managed by hand, periodically check to ensure that full use at any time. ② warehouses around the weeds should often hidden for the eradication, elimination of fire danger, fire belt wide weeds trees should also be regularly cleared. (9) the measures enacted strict custody ① explosives warehouse must be equipped with the warehouse owner. Allied custody personnel and the necessary security forces. According to the size of the warehouse or building dedicated fire fire brigade, strengthen the masses obligations daily fire inspection and fire fighting training, just in case. ② establish and improve a set of security system. Such as warehousing registration system, security, censorship, "double" (double custody. Dual-lock, double this reconciliation, double shipping, twin receiving) system, inventory reconciliation from system and security operation system, and so on. ③ piling up explosives should be firm, neat, easy handling. Tank marking of explosives should be facing you, easier to see. ④ explosive box stacking height of not more than 2 meters, each heap not exceeding 770 cartons; detonator container stacking height not exceeding 1.6 meters, each heap must not exceed 300 box. ⑤ the door of the channel width of not less than 1.5 m, stacking and wall distance not less than 0.6 m, stacking is not less distance between ask 1.3 m. (10) the classification system should be stored under various ① explosion sensitivity, classification zhuanku stockpiles. ② all explosives is strictly forbidden and oxidants, spontaneous items. Acid. Alkali. Salt, flammable or combustible materials, metal powder, steel material equivalent library storage. ③ Lui Hg, Pb, the duplication of nitriding diazo-Dinitrobenzene. Detonators, and so a high sensitivity, detonating explosives and explosive devices shall not, in search of detonating cord storage with the library. ④ failure, bad explosive materials and semi-finished products, as well as non-conforming product. Rejects not conforming with the library storage. 2. the storage of explosive substances reagents of fire safety requirements (1) number in 100 grams and is soluble in water of explosives reagents can be stored in a steel Cabinet; quantity of 500 grams is soluble in water of reagents may not separate set storage room, storage of goods can be placed with other reagents with, but should remain: m spacing; quantity of 500 grams, separate storage. (2) storage room, a storage cabinet it is best to set the bottom end, could not be located in or near the warehouse for dangerous goods. Storage room temperature not exceeding 30 ' C, name, specifications, labels and beware of falling off. (3) the custody officer should be regular checks on reagents found that packaging is unqualified, the expired storage. Name unknown, should take appropriate measures in a timely manner.

【 Weak current College 】 automatic fire alarm system installation process standards---Power By 【 China power house network 】

First, the scope of this standard is applicable to industrial and civil construction and installation of automatic fire alarm system. Does not apply to the production and storage of propellants, explosives, ammunition, explosive and other dangerous places set explosion fire auto-alarm system installation works. II. prepares 1, equipment, material: main equipment: regional fire alarm controller; centralized alarm control equipments; fire Centre control equipment; image display and printing equipment; fire standby power supply; fire detectors (smoke, heat, gas, etc.); manual fire alarm button; sound and light display alarm; various modules (Repeater); various linkage control and signal feedback equipment; fire communications equipment (such as fire phone); fire broadcasting equipment. 2. main equipment: tapping machine, set screen plates, hydraulic bending machine, manual bending, welding, gas welding tools, drill, drill, saw, hammer, grinding wheel openings, pressure line of pliers, air guns, steel saw, hammer, wrench, level tape, ruler, ball, steel tape drop ball, electric iron, electric furnace, tin pot, RASP, round RASP, pressure on the case, the pressure of pliers, electric tools, high stool, tool bags, toolboxes, universal table, megohmmeter, try Bell, intercom phones, walkie-talkies, try breathing apparatus, portable hair dryer and other machines. III. construction technology 1, steel pipe and trunkings install main requirements: 1) wire protection tube encountered the following conditions should be easy to thread a location, an additional connection box: pipeline length exceeds 30m, bent pipe length over time; 20m, a bent pipe length over time; 15m, second bending; pipe length exceeds 8m, three bending. 2) wire protection tube bending Department should not have the crack crease, depression, and bending flat degree should not be greater than 10 per cent of diameter. 3) that matches the tube bending radius should not be less than when the outer diameter of 6 times, dark pipe bending radius should be not less than 6 times the outer diameter, when buried or concrete, bend radius should be not less than 10 times the outer diameter. 4) horizontally or vertically laid out with wire protection pipe installation allows deviations from 1.5, full length deviation should not be greater than the inside diameter of pipe 1/2. 5) laying in dusty or damp premises wiring protection pipe, tube and the connection should be closed. 6) pipeline laying after deformation joint of buildings (including settlement joints, expansion joints, seismic joints, etc.) to take compensatory measures. 7) out with steel tube should be neat and tidy, fixed spacing should be uniform, steel card the maximum distance between the tables, cards and terminals elbows midpoint, electrical apparatus or box (carton) edge distance should 0.15 ~ 0.5m. Steel pipe clamp the maximum distance between (m) of laying pipe type pipe diameter (mm) 15 ~ 2025 ~ 3240 ~ 5065 above hanger, bracket or thick-walled steel pipe along the wall laying 1.52.02.53.5 thin-walled steel 1.01.52.0 — 8) galvanized pipe should be threaded connection or the connection casing securing screws should not be used for fusion welding connection, so as not to undermine the zinc coating. 9) piping and wiring duct installation should take account of the different systems and different voltage, current categories of line, and should not be put to the same root canal or trunking hole with Groove. 10) within the roof of a building must adopt the metal pipes, wiring trunkings. 11) trunking installation use separate fixtures hoisting or supports fixed, hanging in diameter should be not less than 6mm, fixed support spacing generally should not be greater than 1 ~ 1.5m, in and out of the terminal box, boxes and cabinets, corner, turning and bending stitch at each end and t-connectors, three-side 0.5m set fixed support. 12) trunking interface should be straight, the slot cover should be complete, formation, no sitting corner; flutes outlet orifice and corner, the corner should be positioned properly, smooth, no burrs. 13) trunkings connections should not be crossed the floor or walls etc. 14) fixed or connection trunking of screws or other fasteners after the end of fastening and trunking touches in smooth surface, i.e. nuts-and-drop online slot wall, flush fastening with pad and spring mat; trunking laying straight neat, horizontal and vertical tolerances for the length of 2 percent, and full length tolerances to 20mm, side-by-side installation when the slot cover should be easy to open. 15) metal pipe or trunkings and fire protection equipment using a metal hoses and flexible metal tube for crossover, its length is not greater than 2m, and should be fixed, fixed clamping spacing should not be greater than 0.5m, and end with a lock or clamp fixed, and by the grounding. 2, pipe laying and insulated wires within the cable wiring requirements: 1) approach of insulated wires and cables of specifications, quantity, quality, and so should meet the design requirements and the timely fill out entry material inspection records. 2) in order to meet the wires and cables of the mechanical strength requirements, pipe laying of insulated wires, conductors cross-section minimum should not be less than 1mm2; trunking laid within the insulated wire minimum section should not be less than 0.75 mm2; multi-core cable core minimum section should not be less than 0.5 mm2. 3) wear tube insulated conductors or cables should not exceed the total of pipe cross sectional area of 40%, laid in closed Groove within the insulated conductors or cables should not be greater than the total area of flutes in the net cross-sectional area of 50%. 4) wire in tubes or trunking, should not have a connector or kink. Wire connectors should be in the junction box of welding or crimping. Different systems and different voltage, current categories of line should not be worn in the same root canal or Groove within the same slot. 5) fire alarm with transmission lines should choose a different color of insulated wires, probes the "+" line is red, the "-" line should be blue, the rest of the line should be based on different uses other colors match. But the same project in the same purpose of wire color should be consistent, terminals should have a label. 6) conductor connection connector should not increase the resistance value, forcing wire should not reduce the original mechanical strength, they cannot reduce the dielectric strength, to meet the above requirements, the wire connection should take the following approach: Ø plastic wire 4mm2 following generally should use exploitation clamp down wire insulation, exploitation is woven wire application electrician's knife RIP outer braid and left about 12mm insulating units, wire length wiring methods and requirements for mechanical strength. Ø conductors insulated units and Qi closure, in insulated units about 12mm Department with itsIn a root core in another core winding 5 ~ 7 circle after the cut, the remaining head and back pressure in Aceh winder, and swiping the Tin. Ø LC safety press line cap: is copper press line cap, divided into yellow, white, red tricolor, for 1.0 1.5 mm2, mm2, mm2, mm2 2.5 4 of 2 ~ 4 wire connection. Its operation is wire insulation stripped 10 ~ 13mm (by CAP model), clear the oxides, according to the rules, use the appropriate press line cap, the core into the press line cap for pressure nozzle, false if filled to half core fold back (stripping length doubles), filling up. Core plug in the end, the conductor insulation with pressure over the flat of the spout, and packages in Cap shell, and then use special crimping pliers for compaction. Ø stranded copper soft wire screw terminal should be tightened soft core made under the eyes, nose or small copper, Tin-coated hot-wash NET after pressing then padded with screw fastening. Ø copper single conductors and pinhole type wiring pile connection (crimp), the connection of wire line core insertion wiring pile head pinhole, conductor bare pinhole 1 ~ 2mm, pinhole diameter greater than core 1 x, you need to fold back into the crimping. If multiple soft copper wire, Tin chloride should be immediately rinse, clean and crimping. Ø wire connections have pierced: selection of rubber (or plastic) insulating tape beginning from the wire connector good insulation, winding 1 ~ 2 insulating tape width, and then to half-amplitude overlap. The bandage should as far as possible in the process of tightening the insulating tape. Finally in the insulating layer wrapped after 1 ~ 2 circle, and then make the tied back. Then use black blanket wrap, wrap, to linking to half-width side lamination for winding, while in the process of tightening the adhesive plaster bandage, wire connectors at both ends with black tape to seal tightly. 7) conductors connection completed, should be examined after adoption of 500V, range 0 ~ 500 M ω megohmmeter, wire, cable, wire, etc. on the screen, it shakes the insulation resistance value should not be less than 20 M Ω. Note You cannot take a shake of fire fighting equipment. Shaking speed should be maintained at around 120r/min should be used when reading 1 minutes of reading. 3. automatic fire alarm equipment installation requirements: 1) detector should be horizontally, as you must tilt the installation angle should not be greater than 45 °. 2) detector around 0.5m, there should not be of retaining structures, the detector to the walls, beams and the horizontal distance from the edges should not be less than 0.5m. 3) detector and air conditioning supply outlet side of the horizontal distance should not be less than 1.5m, see Figure 6-8, to porous air ceiling orifice horizontal distance should not be less than 0.5m. (Refers to distance detector Center RADIUS 0.5m range holes filled with non-burning material, or to take similar measures wind). 4) detector bases should be fixed securely, in the ceiling should be installed on the box is fixed to the main joist or rooting for the bracket on the roof, the wire must be reliable crimping or soldering, welding is not allowed when using a corrosive flux, external conductors due allowance, in 0.15m end should be clearly marked. 5) detector wiring should design and manufacturer requirements for wiring, but “ + ” line should be red, “-” line should be blue, the remaining line according to the different uses of other colors, but the same project in the same wire color should be consistent. 6) detector head on is about to be installed when you debug, installation should be properly safeguarded and should take dust, moisture, corrosion prevention measures. 4. manual installation of fire alarm button 1) alert zones each fire partitions should at least set a manual alarm button, from a fire anywhere within a partition to the most recent one manual fire alarm button walking distance should not be greater than 30m. 2) manual fire alarm button should be installed in a clear and easy-to-wall, distance and height 1.5m, solid and should not be installed. 3) manual fire alarm button external conductors should be left for the allowance, and 0.10m in the end should be clearly marked. 5, terminal box and module box installation 1) terminal box and module box General settings in dedicated shafts, according to the design requirements of height of metal expansion bolt fixing on the wall that Pack, and the installation should be straight and firm, not italic. 2) used on the line for on line numbering, and then attach the conductor left certain allowance, the control centre to the route and fire alarms and other binding the control line, respectively the beaming in Terminal Board on both sides, left for route control centre has the right to fire alarm detectors and other devices to the control line. 3) pressure line before the conductors to shake, qualified and then pressing design and manufacturer requirements for pressure line. 4) module inside the module press manufacturers and design requirements of an assembly line, reasonable layout, and the installation should be firm, and the use of signs and line number. 6. installation of fire alarm controller 1) area alarm controller on the wall installation, basal margins ground height should not be less than 1.5m, available metal expansion bolts or bolts burried note for installation, fixed to a solid, straighten out, installed in the lightweight wall reinforcement of measures to be taken. Near the door side of the shaft should not be less than 0.5m distance. Positive action distance should not be less than 1.2m. 2) centralized alarm control room or fire control center equipment installation you should meet the following requirements: Ø floor installation, its bottom should be higher than the ground 0.05 ~ 0.2m, channel or the water table as a basis, such as an active floor used by the channel base should cement ground rooting firmly fixed. Channel to straighten the rust, and brush antirust paint, installs when using horizontal ruler, small line looking good flatness and firmly fixed with bolts. Ø control equipment before operation distance, single row arrangement should not be less than when double row layout 1.5m, should not be less than the others watch 2m often work side, the control panel to the wall should not be less than the distance, disk repair 3m distance should not be less than the control plate arrange 1m length greater than 4m, control panel should be set at a width of not less than the width channel. 4. finished product protection 1, pipe laying on concrete or walls, to timely blocking the spout and box so as not to enter under the influence of impuritiesProcedure for threading, please tick chisel; civil strike of concrete or masonry walls when you want to be fit so as not to cause the laying of steel pipe displacement rework. 2. tube thread: Groove inner wiring conductor to the cushion on the box or boxes inside, cover letter, cover, time slots so that the wire is damaged or lost. 3, fire alarm system equipment storage, to dust, humidity, anti, anti, anti pressure drop, safekeeping, and handle incoming inspection and receiving procedures. 4, automatic alarm equipment installation, civil works should meet the floors, walls, doors and Windows, shotcrete, in a special guard conditions for installation. 5, fire control room and the room is equipped with a controller should work completed, close the door and window locks, the device should cover dust-proof cover. 6. alarm detectors should be loaded on the cradle, and wear a dust cover and then loaded probe when debugging. 7, terminal box and module containers in the finished work to the door locked, on the box cover to protect the body from being contaminated. 8, easily lost damaged equipment such as Manual alarm button, speakers, telephones and phone jack, etc. should finally installed, the installation should take measures to ensure that the walls, floors, ceiling from damage and contamination.

【 Weak current College 】 laboratory yicun 5 fire risk security fire prevention measures 4

In recent years, along with the development of higher education, University laboratories as socialist modernization of technology professionals, but also an important base has been developed. Added a large number of international advanced level of analysis, test instruments, laboratory equipment, improvements in teaching and research conditions, improving the technical level, the laboratory personnel provides the material guarantees. At the same time, how to maintain and manage advanced, precise valuable equipment, improve laboratory efficiency has become a laboratory managers need to be addressed major issues. This article only on the laboratory safety and fire prevention aspects, on the point of view!

1. schols laboratory safety and fire prevention work of special significance

Reform of the Decade, the number of university laboratories and equipment from quality clearly get development. A mid-sized colleges and universities, their laboratory from a dozen to nearly 100, equipment, laboratory equipment, and material investments each year in the $ 1 million or more. In my case one University in 1978-1988 decade equipment increased more than 9 thousand, of which 5 million more large precision instrument and equipment close to 100, from overseas introduction of international advanced level of the equipment is up to 494 sets value of 8 million dollars. Improving laboratory safety fire, not only can improve these precision valuable instruments of investing benefit, but also make laboratory in teaching, research, students should have a role to play in the most basic security. Therefore, the value and strengthen laboratory safety fire is very essential, otherwise, if the security of the negligence of the fire, often cause serious losses of State property, and affect the normal teaching and scientific research, this lesson at home and abroad are not uncommon. United States is located in Acadia National Park, next to the Jackson Laboratory, the annual global output of 300 million NIH for cancer, AIDS, diabetes and other diseases genetics research. In May of 1988, a fire broke out in the laboratory for experimental use of 50 million NIH was burnt to death. Laboratory personnel indicated that the fire, the accident will reduce the speed of global genetic studies, at least 2 to 3 years to supplement this amount by incineration of the NIH. In this instance is not difficult to see laboratory safety fire is very essential, otherwise, the loss of large, is unable to make up for time and money.

Second, institutions of higher learning labs prone to fire hazard

1. the rules and regulations not sound security and fire prevention

Laboratory safety fire to timeframes, the most important one is engaged in laboratory management staff must be in strict accordance with the rules and regulations, fire safety laboratory practice. However, due to laboratory safety fire to some extent not caused school, laboratory, etc. all levels of management's attention, and that laboratory safety fire regulations, rules, regulations and not enough sound and strict. In 1986 a University biological laboratory staff serious violations of practice, unauthorized use of the electric fire, burning of large amounts of plant specimens, including many rare treasures is a national.

2. electric wiring unreasonable aging, distribution

Laboratory of electrical lines and aging, severe overload, pulled randomly pull the wire placement equipment, not serious electrical circuit design, no load calculations, demonstration, is currently the University laboratory safety fire prevails a big risk. This problem mostly occurs in some established earlier or later reconstructed in the laboratory. Due to insufficient power supply capacity, power line aging coupled with the increasing number of instruments and equipment, electricity consumption grows fires resulting circuit fault. Light the fuse, short circuit occurred when serious fire. 1988 national organizations of institutions of higher learning lab security checks, a University discovered three teaching building installation wires all ages, the existence of a serious accident. It was also found new classroom building wires pulled another mess, electrical overload phenomena, the laboratory has a few traces of fire power.

3. flammable and explosive hazardous materials storage and use of unreasonable

Experiment with flammable, explosive substances, gases, keeping, use is reasonable, direct relationship with the State property and lives of teachers and students, is a University laboratory fire accident in one of the more common reasons.

In flammable and explosive hazardous materials storage, management, warehouse construction unreasonable or area is too small to store and manage the classification, some universities even inflammable and explosive hazardous materials on teaching building, reagent library serves as the laboratory. If the Shanghai East China chemical engineering polymer materials lab using a 200 liter snow brand refrigerator storage of flammable chemicals low boiling point. One drug, its boiling point for butadiene-4 ° c, the temperature of the fridge cold rooms for 5-10 in General, in this environment of reagents to evaporate quickly, while also not enough to seal the container so that all of the space in the refrigerator and air composition the explosive mixture. When the refrigerator temperature control switch startup spark and explosion causes an intense.

4. Lab staff thought paralysis, lax, the importance of fire safety is not

Thought paralysis, lax, the importance of fire safety is not a laboratory in fire accidents the most risk factors. Especially in some colleges and universities require 24 hours a day and night work in the laboratory (such as a computer lab), the staff thought attach great importance to safety fire, his post, the more important. 1987 Beijing University biological building fire, which burned, laboratories and equipment 7.4 million in direct economic losses. Fuzhou University Department of computer science and computer lab fire, burning Apple computer 40 units, air conditioner 8 sets, direct economic losses 5.5 million. The two fire incidents are due to laboratory personnel responsible is not strong, and let the work after leaving the scene of the fire and electrical appliances.

5. laboratory lacks the necessary fire safety equipment

According to the survey, University laboratories and the existence of varying degrees of lack of fire-fighting equipment. Some realInspection room even if equipped with a fire-fighting equipment, in the absence of specialist management and regular checks, failure of fire equipment are not promptly replace, fire-fighting and fire-fighting equipment in terms of quantity and quality, the safety fire protection requirements. On the other hand, due to the nature of the laboratory, there are suitable for the analysis and testing of large precision instrument laboratory; the use of flammable and explosive substances, gases, chemistry lab; there is a release of dangerous microbes laboratory, etc. Likely to lead to the kind of fire, thus the fight method is also different. Like the different characteristics of the laboratory needs of fire fighting equipment and equipment with you more.

Third, the universities of laboratory safety fire should take several measures of

1. raise awareness, to strengthen the sense of responsibility

Strengthening laboratory security building, the need to improve laboratory staff awareness of the work of the security is everyone's attention to security, adhere to the principle of prevention as ideological change in the past focused only on the experiment, research work, ignore the security acts. As the ancients said: "the scourge to pin to the eruption", "evil often accumulate in the suddenly-", only from ideas, organization, action, responsibility, effort, great attention, organizational unity of command, unity, leadership and measures effective, everyone has the high sense of responsibility, before they happen.

2. establish and improve laboratory safety regulations

Safety management regulations are an effective means. Establish and implement various rules and regulations is security standardization, procedures, and the regularization of objective requirements. At present, national security management has in place a series of standards and regulations, the competent authorities of university laboratories should also be used as a basis, the combination of our laboratory's actual situation, establish and improve a set of practical safety management regulations. As the laboratory safety and fire prevention Ordinance, the laboratory of flammable and explosive hazardous materials use and storage management solutions "," laboratory safety management system and the large precision instrument equipment operation, maintenance, security management approach ", etc.

No rules and regulations, security and fire prevention management will not be able to follow, without law, if established system not to conscientiously implement, can only become a mere formality. Therefore, you must also work to strengthen laboratory safety inspection and supervision, on the model compliance with rules and regulations, shall promptly give recognition award, on the violation of the rules and regulations, should be criticized as a plot or action in a timely manner. To ensure the implementation of the rules and regulations.

3. strengthening training and improve laboratory managers the level of security and fire prevention technology

Laboratory staff safety consciousness of the strength and security level of fire protection technology, to ensure the security of the laboratory has a decisive influence. Therefore, the laboratory staff of safety awareness and safe fire protection technology level needs further improvement can take many forms and means of education and training. If the Office column, the bulletin, publications, organizing lectures and security work experience-sharing sessions, held fire knowledge competition, held at the fire drill, fire sport competitions, etc.

4. timely updates and equipped with features suitable for different uses of fire fighting equipment laboratory

Due to the nature of the different laboratories, easily lead to the kind of fire, thus its fighting methods and use of fire-fighting equipment is different. For commonly used fire-extinguishing materials such as water, sand, powder and foam, etc., and not entirely applicable to all types of experimental equipment for fire extinguishing. For example: for general electric equipment can make use of carbon dioxide and dry chemical fire extinguishing material; for ultra-clean environments of large precision instrument and equipment, strictly prohibits the use of dry powder fire extinguishing equipment such as, otherwise, will result in larger instruments and equipment. Therefore, in order to timely and effective fire suppression, the laboratory must be equipped with suitable for the different nature of the laboratory of private fire extinguishing equipment. The different nature of the laboratory of applied fire protection material types in the following table:

The laboratory is equipped with specialized equipment, you should prevent jumbled mess, not only to distribution, to management, it is necessary to establish expert management system to periodic inspections, the timely replacement of fire fighting equipment failure and materials.

【 Weak current College 】 hot season chemical enterprises fire safety protection against accidents of

Abstract: the chemical industry in promoting national economic development, but also to social security and stability is quite dangerous. Chemical accidents occurring frequently to contribute to the safe production. This article by analyzing the chemical accident three characteristics and three reasons, put forward in the current environment of high temperature season under chemical enterprises fire safety protection against accidents of three suggestions.
　　
Keyword: dangerous chemicals, chemical accidents, safety against accidents
　　
With the modernization of the rapid development of the chemical industry in China's national importance and status of each passing day, the country has a chemical enterprise with more than 28 million, employees in more than 5 million, development of the chemical industry to promote industrial and agricultural production, strengthen national defense and advancement of people's living standards, and so has an important significance. But in recent years, the chemical enterprise safety in production status not optimistic, the country has undergone a number of chemical accidents, causing significant casualties and property damage, harm to the steady development of the economic and social stability and harmony. Of which influential is 15 April 2004, is located in the Chongqing Jiangbei district, Chongqing tianyuan chemical General factory of chlorine leak events occur, 16 hours of explosions, nine people were killed and three were injured and evacuate people 15 million people. 16 June 2006 3: 09 am, is located in maanshan, Anhui Province, China near dangtu County in Anhui Province Dunan chemical group co., Ltd. emulsification workshop powder milk powder before processes an explosion. Result of 14 people were killed and 30 others were injured.
　　
In General, chemical enterprises of fire safety accident characteristics include the following:
　　
First, the accident occurrence probability range of incentives.
　　
Chemical process complex, related equipment is subjected to high temperature, high pressure and low temperature, high-vacuum and handling of flammable and explosive, corrosive, toxic or harmful media tool that operates strictly controlled conditions, a slight negligence, accidents with it. Throw an accident from human error to hardware failure, including process design is not reasonable, operations personnel misoperation, process indicators control improper, raw materials, utilities are not eligible, as well as the instruments and equipment of abnormal fault, and even the local geology and climate change will cause a disaster, it is impossible.
　　
The second is the scene of the accident circumstances change complex, difficult to fire rescue.
　　
General chemical Enterprise scene of the accident are rather complex, often accompanied by the first explosion, after burning, explosion or combustion, or alternating between combustion and explosion. Chemical plant fire, often due to the combustion of biomass, production equipment and the mutual influences between buildings, fire was rapidly expanded, as well as a stereo, large-area, the fire burning in the form of points. Due to the production of raw materials, intermediates and products most in the case of flammable, explosive, toxic substances, and the majority of liquid or gaseous state, and therefore have different from solid material flow diffusion properties, high variability, to the accident scene changes of the situation with a very unstable factors, resulting in on-site command staff unable to accurately grasp the accident situation development direction, increasing the difficulty of fire-fighting and rescue work.
　　
Third, the accident scene full of dangerous chemical substances, it is easy to result to death, personal injury and property damage, the social impact of the worst.
　　
Chemical enterprises in the production, processing and storage of chemicals, chemical products and most highly toxic, corrosive, bio with strong injurious to human harm especially serious. The current widely used in chemical industry as an example of chlorine, chlorine gas in the air, the maximum permitted concentration of only 0.002mg/L, the excess 2.5mg/l, who soon after inhalation. Due to the leak or explosion fire, chemical accident scene are often filled with a lot of dangerous chemical substances, fire fighting and rescue operations smoothly. Toxic gas would seriously threaten the lives of the fire-fighting and rescue personnel; safety of corrosive substances will burn skin and damage of combat suits, water and other materials and equipment. In recent years, the storage of dangerous chemicals and transportation accidents, if such incidents happen in a densely populated area, immediately involved a large number of personnel, material of evacuation, transfer to different degrees, and affects the urban water, electricity, gas, transportation, health care, social security and order maintenance work, environmental pollution is becoming difficult to cure ills to local economic and social stability of loss is immeasurable.
Through the analysis of the large number of cases, the cause of chemical accidents in the following three points:
　　
First, production, Stockpiling of disrepair aging equipment, run, run, drip, leak phenomenon pervasive, extremely easy to cause leakage.
　　
In many industries, particularly the private nature of SMEs, because of financial, technical and quality reasons, neglect to existing production and storage equipment for maintenance, improvements, equipment failure, corrosion fatigue tube and pump parts because of fracture, and RIP, valve damage pipes, flanges, causing loose hazardous chemicals leak, result in poisoning or throw burning explosion. Such as oil and chemical plant "Jiangxi 4.20" chlorine residual liquid leakage incidents, 282 human poisoning caused by the direct reason was because chlorine steel bottle of cylinder valve to vent and stem are serious corrosion, temperature rise, bottle gas expansion, corrosion of the valve block, leading out of chlorine residual fluid leaks.
　　
Second, workers lack the necessary training, widespread illegal operations, resulting in accidents.
　　
Chemical enterprises of technological process and equipment complex, operation control procedure strictly, the mix of raw materials, production time reaction vessels, temperature control, and so on all have clear rules, the slightest error pool. But the fact is, some small and medium enterprise to save money, hiring undocumented workers engaged in important positions, workers lack the necessary operational training, the "experience" in the medium and small chemical sector has a very big market. For example, 21 August 2003,Tongzhou city, Jiangsu Province, a sponge to employ non-hazardous chemicals operations certificate as workshop Director, let no welding and electrical permits and other special job certificates only work, violating the operation of the accident occurred, resulting in 2 dead, 2 injured, many buildings were destroyed.
　　
The third is a natural phenomenon caused by chemical accidents or disasters such as lightning, flood, earthquake, etc. For example 1989 August 12, Qingdao Huangdao oil depot fire and explosion is a land of rolling thunder.
　　
At present the country is in high summer season, the chemical enterprise safety in production of facing a severe test. To this end, the author believes the chemical industry to enhance fire safety and accident prevention measures should include the following: "3"
　　
First, the good facilities run off to implement anti-temperature, leakproof, lightning, explosion of work measures. High temperature situations should strictly monitor production equipment and storage facilities of temperature change, in accordance with the relevant requirements for cooling and ventilation in a timely manner; the strict implementation of production equipment, pressure pipe and tank cars, and other facilities of the regular examination system, including the testing facilities of airtight conditions, lightning protection against static electricity capacity and high pressure, high temperature performance; sound chemical industry facilities security oversight mechanisms, requiring enterprises to anyone who does not comply with the requirements of the production, stockpiling equipment resolutely replacement or timely repair, from hardware source to prevent accidents.
　　
The second is the good quality of staff, from a subjective consciousness on curb accidents. Production must put an end to the phenomenon of undocumented induction, strengthen practitioners ' business skills training and security awareness education, standard operating procedures, abandon the experience on the concept of error. In case of welding, cutting, simmer the asphalt, torch, flame, and electric knife switch, electrical equipment of high voltage test, impact of metal utensils and so easy to produce sparks or drink on the surface of the temporary jobs, you should strictly follow the ticket for the program, the practical implementation of onsite fire safety protection measures, to strengthen participation in ticket processing and fire personnel responsibility and safety awareness.
　　
Third, keep the good self-aid gateway, practical exercises carried out regularly, and strengthen emergency accident response capacities, do they happen. Although currently many chemical companies are aware of the importance of fire safety, increase the safety input and checks, but for a sudden accident emergency ability is still quite lacking in self, Enterprise workers overall fire safety quality and oneselk capacity needs to be improved. The current climate of high temperature increases chemical safety incidents of instability in the face of sudden accident, how to effectively fight, how to minimize personnel, property losses, not only for fire departments and enterprises dedicated fire brigade, you also need enterprise organization employees long-term training education and field exercises, by improving the staff overall fire safety quality and oneselk ability, truly possible trouble.
　　
Improve safety precautions do effectively curb accidents, but this does not mean that you can prevent accidents. Panoramic view in recent years, the chemical industry security incidents, you can find a lot of accidents was not accidental, isolated, both from a technical point of view or management aspect, is a rule-based, but most of them can be avoided. Chemical industry still need to develop, but how to properly handle this kind of social needs and dangerous chemicals accidents between, is the foundation of our social development.

【 Weak current College 】 from wealth building works at the intelligent fire alarm control system features

<br> <BR> <BR> l, Project Overview <BR> <BR> Beijing Fortune Plaza is a Class A office buildings, luxury apartments, five-star hotels, conference centers, cultural arts center, recreation, commercial and other functions in one .a comprehensive international business community. .Land use planning and construction of the entire project area is 92100m2. The total construction area of 720,000 m2. A total of three phases. .East Third Ring Road project is located in Guangzhou between center and Kerry. .Beijing China World Trade Center and not far away, and the future of the new CCTV across East Third Ring Road across. .Is the heart of the central business district. .<BR> <BR> First phase of land area 28048m2. The total construction area of 247160m2, the a 40-story office towers, a 40-story apartment tower and connecting the two service apartment (10 floor) and office Cored .(8 layers) composition. .Tower apartment building height 120.95m, Plate apartment building height 33.5m, building height office tower 154m, plate office building height 40.095m. Two podium with clubs and commercial facilities. .Three for the car park and underground civil air defense facilities. .Ground two, three and two, three connected to the basement. .Phase II includes a five-star hotel and a high-rise apartments. .Phase III is an office building of approximately 260m high. .Fortune Plaza Building by a few large high-rise buildings consisting of buildings. .<BR> <BR> Fortune Plaza Central Business District to create a special urban space and architecture for people to contact, walking, leisure, and create new work and living environment. .Design will create a good "light environment", "sound environment." .Improve earthquake, fire, wind and waterproof design. .The use of advanced building automation systems, integrated cabling system, central air conditioning systems, communication telephone system, fire security monitoring system. .Strive to build a set of advanced network technology, communication technology, intelligent control technology in one building complex, to provide a warm, comfortable and efficient working conditions. .<BR> <BR> 2, the system constitutes a center of wealth <BR> <BR> fire alarm system with alarm system control center. .Mainly composed of the following components: <BR> <BR> 2.1 <BR> <BR> alarm system control host system has 4 NF-8 fire alarm controller. .Where: <BR> <BR> l # Alarm Monitoring and Control office 21F-40F; <BR> <BR> 2 # Alarm Monitoring and Control Office Building 2F-20F; <BR> <BR> 3 # Alarm Monitoring and Control office B3F .-1F and apartment buildings 1F-2F; <BR> <BR> 4 # alarm monitoring unit apartment building 3F-40F. <BR> <BR> 4 controllers shall bear their respective areas under the jurisdiction of the alarm and fire control linkage .function can be programmed through the module to complete in accordance with fire pumps, elevators, non-fire power, the fan and the outlet, the fire shutter doors, fire doors, etc. control. .The fire pumps (including ground plane Relay pump), smoke control fans (including ground plane) are cited by Drawn to the fire center line. .Fast Ethernet controller to transfer data between the use of communication. .By GEM3300 (CRT) system as superior management controller. .<BR> <BR> 2.2 fire detection, control equipment and other related equipment <BR> <BR> system is equipped with analog intelligent smoke detector 3666. .Standard smoke detector 3126. .Intelligent analog temperature detectors 50, the standard thermal detectors 4814. .Intelligent control relay 494, the detector relay 2477. .Manual alarm button 802. .Also includes: <BR> <BR> 1) joint operation control systems (integrated operation control cabinet); <BR> <BR> 2) Fire telephone system; <BR> <BR> 3) Computer graphic display terminal; < .BR> <BR> 4) printing equipment; <BR> <BR> 5) backup power systems. .<BR> <BR> 2.3 <BR> <BR> fire protection system features a wealth of building projects in the fire control center ground floor commercial podium. .Buildings as a whole command center for disaster prevention and shoulder all the building equipment, disaster prevention network monitoring, management, and fire control, scheduling and command. .Its main functions are as follows: <BR> <BR> monitoring: monitor the working status of the detector site. .Of fire, fault and other types of analog information to analyze and judge; display analog smoke detection information, curve; monitor the working status of site linkage device; surveillance systems, wire lines; monitor the status of automated testing analog detector results. .<BR> <BR> Control: According to the booking process. .Automatic linkage of various linkage control equipment; via the touch screen LCD or CRT host graphics operating system. .Various interaction devices manually controlled or by category single control. .<BR> <BR> Record: Record objects and control objects monitor the working status and process; record the operation of fire alarm host; record system, equipment failure information. .<BR> <BR> Management functions: automatic periodic routine checks on the system testing; provide analog smoke detector increases, heating the test management capabilities; to achieve during the day and night, air-conditioning open, stop change, the automatic detector sensitivity .adjusted automatically correct the sensitivity according to environmental conditions; to provide smoke detectors, temperature curve of historical data. .<BR> <BR> CRT computer graphic display operating functions: automatic fire alarm parts of the flat display graphics: display analog smoke detection information, the curve; shows the recorded history of fire alarm data; through the mouse, the screen. .Equipment required for the linkage of operational control. .<BR> <BR> 3, <BR> <BR> wealth of engineering design works for building a super-tall buildings. .Is a super protective object. .With full protection, which, in addition to the toilet area of less than 5m2, bathroom outside. .Fire alarm devices are installed. .<BR> <BR> 3.1 site design <BR> <BR> detection and alarm in the elevator room, computer room, office, offices and other separate rooms with separate address configured analog intelligent smoke detectors. .Offices and other places in the large room. .When taking into account the possible future re-decoration room separated. .Are using analog intelligent smoke detectors, thus ensuring the re-decoration enough margin alarm address. .In the corridors and other public areas, etc.. .Repeater using detector standards with a number of ways smoke detectors. .<BR> <BR> Underground garage with a detector with a number of repeaters standard way of thermal detectors. .Fire shutter doors at the detector set up separate address. .<BR> <BR> In each vestibule, elevator rooms, evacuation stairs front room, the important engine room, etc., manually set the emergency alarm button. .Button with the call directly to the phone jack on the fire center. .<BR> <BR> The fire hydrant box comes with an alarm button fire alarm host access, the button when the fire hydrant when the glass was shattered. .Alarm host can be the appropriate floor location of fire hydrants shown. .Hydrant pumps can be linked at the same time. .<BR> <BR> Flow indicator for each alarm point to set an independent address. .For each wet alarm valve, deluge valve and pressure switch settings of the independent alarm address. .<BR> <BR> To 70 ℃ alarm fire damper access to the host signal. .<BR> <BR> The evacuation on the ground and underground stairs. .Set the sound and light alarm devices. .Confirmed the fire alarm, alarm host control signals, so that the fire floor and adjacent layers of sound and light alarm ringing, lights flashing. .<BR> <BR> Monitor the various detection and alarm signals are transmitted through the system alarm host trunk. .Completion of the automatic inspection and automatic signal monitoring. .<BR> <BR> 3.2 <BR> <BR> fire control fire. .Button to start the fire hydrant directly to the appropriate site fire hydrant pump, while the fire control center to send a signal; the fire control center can also manually start and stop the fire hydrant pump directly to show the work of the fire hydrant pump, fault status, and press the button fire district shows the location of fire hydrants. .<BR> <BR> Fire. .Alarm valve pressure switch signal to the fire control center, automatically start the spray pump, fire control center can also manually start and stop direct spray pumps, spray pumps display the work, fault status, and alarm valves, repair valves, flow .working status indicator. .Fire in the fire control center water tank overflow alarm, fire protection alarm level so the pump stops. .<BR> <BR> In the kitchen, the path along the gas pipeline and the apartment building tenants in the kitchen, set combustible gas detectors. .Combustible gas detector alarm, auto shut down the corresponding gas pipeline shut-off valve. .At the same time start the corresponding exhaust. .The fire control center in the gas pipeline shut-off valve and exhaust working condition. .<BR> <BR> Evacuation channel of the fire shutter. .Two-step method to take control of land; for non-evacuation routes at the fire shutter, take a step landing control. .The fire control center to display a sense of smoke and temperature detectors and fire alarm signals the closure of shutter signal. .<BR> <BR> Fire. .Fire control room can be linked off the appropriate layers of access control host power, open the appropriate level escape doors, and receives its feedback signal. .<BR> <BR> In the fire control center is equipped with all the running simulation and manipulation of the lift plate. .Fire, the fire control center control signals. .Mandatory for all elevator stopped on the first floor, and receive their feedback. .<BR> <BR> Fire, zoning and reservation procedures scheduled, according to the fire site automatic / manual fire power to force non-cut. .Stop the air conditioner running. .When the smoke detector, temperature sense detectors, manual alarm button alarm signal. .Alarm host can be manually, automatically stop the operation of air conditioners; or when the fuse 70 ℃ damper action. .Stop the corresponding chain or a new air unit air conditioner running. .<BR> <BR> Fire. .Automatically turn on the fire floor and the lower the pressure on the outlet and the corresponding pressure blower. .Manually open the scene when the outlet pressure, pressure should be sent directly to start the corresponding fan. .Fire. .Open the refuge level pressure blower. .<BR> <BR> Can manually start and stop the fire control center of all exhaust fan, pressure blower, you can display all the dampers 70 ℃. .280 ℃ fire damper. .Outlet pressure, exhaust port, such as working status, and exhaust fan, pressure blower work, fault status. .<BR> <BR> Fire Center has a dedicated intercom telephone switchboard. .In addition to the manual alarm button on each floor to set the fire associated with the host intercom jack, the power distribution of the duty room, the ventilation room, elevator machine room, etc.. .Were set up separate intercom telephone. .Set fire refuge floors every 20m telephone extension and fire telephone jack. .Fire telephone jack wing, towers on each line, the fire refuge floor is a dedicated telephone line extension. .<BR> <BR> Alarm radio linked with a host system interface control functions. .In urgent cases, hand / public address system automatically switches to the appropriate district emergency broadcast emergency announcements. .<BR> <BR> The project in four computer rooms and switch rooms and records storage, etc.. .Set the gas fire extinguishing system. .In the gas fire protection zone, set up a dedicated gas fire and emergency manual control panel start and stop devices. .When the smoke detector alarm. .Gas extinguishing control panel to make siren sounds, issued evacuation warnings; when the temperature of a sense of alarm, gas fire control panel to start delay start, delay of 30 seconds after the release of gas jet fire. .At the same time, the alarm signal, the gas jet discharge signal and fault signal to return to the alarm host. .<BR> <BR> 4, System Features <BR> <BR> 4.1 <BR> <BR> 4.1.1 Distributed Intelligent Systems Intelligent detection <BR> <BR> detector itself with cPu unit, the smoke can be collected .data were analyzed to determine, to complete the basic signal processing, continuous acquisition with fire parameters, analog intelligent data processing. .<BR> <BR> Smoke concentration can be distinguished according to pre-alarm, fire alarm and alarm. .Multi-level signal output. .<BR> <BR> CPU unit can automatically detect the probe's own dust and dirt. .Reporting requirements to the host cleaning. .Without prior washing, automatic digital compensation for environmental changes and automatic adaptation. .<BR> <BR> CPU unit receives the test signal automatically, without additional smoke detectors will be able to automatically diagnose performance. .<BR> <BR> 4.1.2 <BR> <BR> controller intelligent controller parameters of analog computing with fire and fire pattern recognition capabilities. .Host stores the typical number of different combustion combustion curve. .Host to determine the fire, not only to see the scene is leavened fog concentration has reached a predetermined value. .Should be sent back to the smoke detector their stored data and a large number of typical parameters of combustion process occurring rate of rise were compared. .Therefore, the host of the fire to determine accurate and reliable. .And in the early stages of the fire reported to fire accurately. .<BR> <BR> According to the received multi-level fire alarm signal, in line with the principles of safe and reliable. .Convenient and flexible way of fire equipment at the class linkage. .NF-8 host of different types of interaction devices are classified, according to a predetermined control program. .Linkage of various equipment. .Such as anti exhaust fan, fire pumps, supply and exhaust ports, fire dampers, fire shutter doors, elevators, power and other non-fire fighting equipment. .By group, by location, by category linkage control. .Achieve optimal control equipment. .<BR> <BR> System to detect the signal with "Note alarm, fire alarm, linked to the police. Dirt alarm, fault level," such as different levels of sensitivity values. .And automatic adjustment. .<BR> <BR> System can connect the device to achieve the automatic fault diagnosis and self-reported knowledge. .When a system failure or short circuit, can be the point of failure, fault parts of the system of automatic isolation or shielding options, does not affect the normal alarm and other devices linked functions. .<BR> <BR> Controller functions with operational training and fire simulation training capabilities. .Duty to make an emergency in case of fire. .<BR> <BR> Master operation and the corresponding button corresponding to the location. .<BR> <BR> 4.1.3 Intelligent control module <BR> <BR> system uses intelligent control module, the control output signal with a continuous level type, pulse, instant-type three output selection method, suitable for a variety of linkage .equipment control. .The output current control and protection software, be achieved completely. .When the module output control outwards when the CPU on the module will monitor the output current calculation. .When the measured current is greater than the set control module protection current. .Module will be over-current protection. .Intelligent automatic short circuit control module with isolation. .<BR> <BR> 4.2 Intelligent Disaster redundant loop network <BR> <BR> NF-8 system is NFNETWORK network-based system, the second ring bus system connection. .Control the machine itself has a 100Mbps Fast Ethernet network transmission interface. .Can easily control the machines will be up to 32 networked communications. .Composition of the maximum capacity of 81,600 address disaster prevention network. .Star within the same building a number of ways to control the machine, CRT and floor repeater installed in a device such as networking portfolio. .The distance between buildings above 100 meters. .You can control the media inside the converter (MEDI-A-COM), the fiber optic cables for the network media, distances between the controller 15 km. .Normal communication path failure. .Network will automatically switch to the backup path. .When there are two paths fails. .Network will automatically switch to the backup path. .Controller can still be isolated for independent monitoring of the system itself; when the network controller failure. .Alternate path can continue communication. .<BR> <BR> 4.3 Distributed Control <BR> <BR> wealth building a project with 4 sets of NF-8 fire alarm control the formation of disaster prevention network of about 25 million m2 of buildings to achieve full protection. .Multi-host distributed control. .4 by the controller shall bear their respective jurisdictions and fire alarm equipment linked control. .Can be programmed through the module is completed in accordance with the fire pump control functions. .In addition, the controller 1 Drawn line control through 24 floors office building (ground plane) Fire Pump Relay; 3 controller Drawn three underground fire line control pump. .Fast Ethernet controller to transfer data between the use of communication. .By GEM3300 (CRT) system as superior management controller. .To achieve integrated information processing system. .GEM3300 can monitor the entire building fire alarm and fire fighting equipment linkage control condition. .A star network controller. .Multi-host distributed control can effectively reduce the risk of the entire control system, and will not cause an accident due to the central controller causes paralysis of the whole control system. .Effective solution to control reset and control conflict. .<BR> <BR> 4.4 is compatible with the building automation system <BR> <BR> wealth building a project for the realization of intelligent building "safe, efficient, comfortable, environmentally friendly" purposes. .Construction equipment management with integrated optimization system. .Building intelligent systems can automatically control the various devices and unified management. .And to provide high-capacity, high-speed two-way communication services. .NFNETWORK network system uses the common TCP / IP communication protocol, accept the people building the computer platform for centralized management system, intelligent building management system for the entire integral part. .For future Phase II and Phase III reserved the communication interface. .Fire safety for the Fortune Centre to provide reliable protection. .<BR> <BR>.

【 Weak current College 】 University dormitory fire status---Power By 【 China power house network 】

I. preface
　　
Currently, the national public security Fire Department was carefully studied and implemented with the Conference spirit of 17th National Party, actively developing fire hazard renovation work, the University student apartment as personnel-intensive sites is this vulnerability remediation work. Student apartment as daily rest and accommodation establishments, the personnel density, vulnerability management, student fire safety awareness is not very strong, and the fire hazard, in the event of fire, extremely easy to cause substantial property damage and loss of life, to create a good fire safety environment is a normal teaching order, scientific research work smoothly with powerful guarantee. But I work in the last few years around the school fires frequent domestic, fire occurred and property losses are on the rise, some higher fire safety work situation is not optimistic, particularly universities and students apartment fire safety work, there are many shortcomings.
　　
Result in fire safety situation is not optimistic that there are many reasons. Including geographical restrictions and economic constraints, school leaders on the importance of fire prevention of inadequate, school safety Manager to fire knowledge poor, poor college students ' awareness of fire prevention and public education system is not perfect, and much more. Therefore, strengthening the school fire safety, improve students ' self-awareness is extremely necessary. School management not only on the students ' self awareness be enough attention, but also to put the fire safety work on campus fire safety management in the first place to catch fire in infrastructure construction, conditional to specially equipped with fire protection expertise of the workforce, in the event of fire, capable of directing, guiding students evacuation or fire fighting. Hope campus fire safety to increasingly get school management more focus and attention.
　　
Second, the University dormitory fire risk
　　
1, building design, fire resistance ratings low
　　
Institutions of general school school time earlier, and the influence of school generally has a long history, a school was built in the sixties of last century, even before the liberation, because at that time the building design fire protection and other aspects of the specification is not yet complete, student dormitories for wood construction, civil engineering and architecture, bricks buildings, fire resistance ratings generally lower, mostly less than three-level, and some have even less than four-level, there is a fire, the fire spread very easily. For historical reasons and financial constraints, particularly for large spoke of enrollment, many colleges and universities to build new schools, the original level is low, and the poor condition of the building continues to use, and a large proportion. Plus schools illegal design, decoration, architectural violation left layout is reasonable, the fire separation between quarters, large dormitory without fire, smoke, interior decoration, decoration makes extensive use of flammable and combustible material, and so many inherent dangers. Some students ' hostel in architectural design there is major fire hazards, no second security export or only one staircases, evacuation channel set to bag-aisle, high-rise dormitories or even just have an elevator. November 24, 2003 people's Friendship University of Russia, student dormitories for 6 electrical line failures, fire, fire building was a wooden-floor hostel, spread rapidly after fire, including nine Chinese students, 42 people dead and more than 200 people were injured, and the school in a number of months consecutively two fires. 2004 Xuzhou engineering command college dormitory fires are directly related to construction to brick and spread rapidly.
　　
2, fire safety management mechanism is not perfect, preventive measures are not in place.
　　
Due to the fire defense departments in colleges and universities, student apartments, apartment complex, varied characteristics, universities often easy to overlook fire service on supervision of student apartments, student apartment fire safety loopholes. Dormitory fire hazards grows, and fire-extinguishing equipment is water and seriously lagging behind, become increasingly not adapted to the needs of the fire protection, fire-fighting. First, the Fire Department for fire-fighting equipment configured, this is to happen after a fire, to timely and effective treatment, but the school to students for effective management, has taken many violations of fire safety regulations. Example: in order to prevent an emergency light, evacuation signage, escape masks, water gun, hose, fire damage and loss, take a unified approach in custody, while on duty, so that there is no "fixed assets", once the loss of a fire, these necessary items will lose its due role; the second is the installation of outdoor and indoor hydrant, whole school no water sources, the fire hydrant is useless. After the fire, because of insufficient, delayed the fire water. There are three quarters although later added some fire facilities, equipment, but do not want to replace the expired and then input the expired fire-fighting equipment from the time of the fire should not play a role, delays in time to put out the fire. 2003 December 23, Nanjing Institute of a dormitory fires, because there is no water in the vicinity of the hostel, and even a fire hydrant, plus the hostels were not equipped with fire-fighting facilities and equipment, delays in time to put out the fire, the fire spread rapidly expanding, the smoke was dispatched in good time, fortunately, the fire department fire-fighting more pieces, no casualties. In 2000, the United States, New Jersey, Seton Hall University, 1952, the construction of a six-storey hostel there is a fire, resulting in 3 deaths, 54 people were injured. The construction and installation the alarm system, and equipped with a fire extinguisher, but the alarm system, and the dormitory is not installed with an automatic sprinkler system.
　　
3. in-school-student fire safety awareness among, fire safety knowledge, lack of common sense
　　
Most of the schools on the dormitory home fire safety seriously enough, to faculty and students ' lack of awareness of fire, resulting in weak students ' fire safety awareness. Some students errors that only in shopping malls, markets, dance halls, personnel are crowded, flammable substances more venues will be in case of fire, the student dormitory of inflammable substances, the use of fire power consumptionSmall fires. In the dormitory privacy then mess pull the wire, the illegal use of electric wok, heat and other high-power electrical faster, prolonged use of computers and other phenomena are common. Hostels in electricity consumption increases, but the electrical lines are not timely repair, replacement, electrical wiring not concealed or wear metal pipe protection, plus the layout is not reasonable, seven vertical 8 mess like Spider, insulation ageing damaged, core issues or jutting from time to time, the probability of occurrence of short circuit fire increased significantly. Many fire accident in students leave the quarters without cutting off the fire source, power supply, caused by the use of fire appliances often time ohmic heating to overheat, ignite combustibles around. Schools on the dormitory lack of fire safety management and the necessary checks, even if the check is also a mere formality, turning a blind eye to the discovery of hidden dangers, did not fulfil their responsibilities. Students lack the most basic fire safety knowledge and common sense, don't know how to prevent fires, fire resistance, panic, neither escape, nor will the alarm, you will not use fire extinguishers, fire equipment, fire fighting since the beginning. 23 December 2003, Shenyang a dormitory for faster Chen using hot water heating, fire, although the whole building 1900 multiple students under fire brigade rescue escape, but also give the students the fire caused serious economic losses. 19 February 2003 5, and mapping campus 4, Wuhan University dormitories, a students ' use of electric blankets are not promptly cut off power supply in case of fire, three layers of 28 bedroom in a short time to dust, fire area 450 m2, direct economic loss of 10 million Yuan. 6 November 2002, 18: 30 pm 4, Xi'an joint university students ' apartment 3 layer a boys dormitory fire, the smoke from the rapid spread of level 3 and 4 to 5 layers, many students who lack the knowledge to escape, but ran to the fire floor upstairs, hiding in the dormitory, some even to the firemen to the rescue, also refused to come out.
　　
4. evacuation is not smooth
　　
Student hostel at night, the emergency door locked against theft is a common phenomenon, there are many casualties of fire because of security door locks and security exports was plugging or evacuation facilities were shut up, resulting in a fire after the officers were trapped unable to escape. Have the student dormitory in the aisle, bicycle storage cabinets, etc., and, in the staircase set shop, some even cooking in the aisle, resulting in the evacuation is not clear. Individual to appearance, the hostel is set to go door to door, side doors, roller doors, etc., affecting evacuated. Some schools in order to increase economic efficiency, on the first floor of the hostel into commercial net lease to individually, the transformation in order to export the security against theft, plugging. Have the student dormitory failing to comply with the prescribed set evacuation signs and emergency lighting, even if the set is also due to lack of maintenance management, paralysis, fire, evacuation channels filled with smoke, students cannot find the security for export, the siege by the fire and smoke. Many school dormitory without making emergency evacuation plans, no evacuation drills, causing a fire evacuation after personnel cannot. 9 June 2002, in Kunming, Xindian a school there is a fire, resulting in the death of eight boarding students. 26 March 2001, Kenya in the early morning of Machakos a boarding school dormitories for arson fires, causing 58 boys were burned to death, 28 men being the tragedy of severe burns. In the burning two only 96 sheets of iron bed dormitories are accommodate 130 student accommodation, causing casualties of the main reason is the fire door was locked at the hostel, hostel only 10 window also were sealed with iron bars, so much so that many students cannot escape in a timely manner. 26 March 1998, the port city of Mombasa Kenya a woman boarding school dormitory fire door was due to the hostel warden of deadlock, 22 female students were burned to death and another 80 people were burned.
　　
III. strategy
　　
Schools must follow the law and the authorities, associations, enterprises and institutions to fire safety regulations will be dormitory fire safety management work into the annual work plans and objectives of management focus to develop students ' dormitory fire safety management measures, the whole school and concerted good fire management mode from the source to prevent fires from occurring. Fire departments should meet the security departments of the schools, increase school dormitory of supervision and checks, to promote fire safety knowledge and common sense, and regularly carry out fire safety training for students, make the hearts of fire safety awareness, attention to the prevention of fire incidents, so that every student in the event of a fire evacuation is correct, the report fire extinguishing equipment is used, the beginning of fire fighting. School part-time firefighters should develop students ' dormitory fire emergency evacuation plans and regular evacuation drills to enhance students ' ability to escape self-help, might encounter. At the same time also from several areas to strengthen the disposal.
　　
1. actively to strengthen and improve the College's fire management mechanism, and fully implement the good student apartment of preventive measures.
　　
College student apartment fire management, in addition to form a top-down approach at every level are responsible for fire safety management system, you must fully implement all fire safety management system, the University security sector to colleges of fire management system for supervision and inspection, regular in-depth to the student dormitory area fire safety education and check, identify and eliminate the fire hazard, school leaders should pay close attention to the importance of fire prevention, fire prevention seriously implement the responsibility system for student apartment fire safety management to supervise the guidance, regular or irregular conduct various fire drills to enhance students ' fire safety knowledge and education, and to increase funding for school fire. College students have to consciously abide by the school of fire management system, strictly fulfil obligations not violation of fire with fire, electrical, fire hazards found in time to the school's Security Department report.
　　
2. to improve school security departments of the discovery and early fire fighting capability.
　　
Timely and effective disposal beginning of fire is the best extinguishing OfficeLaw, as a school safety and security sector even more important role. Requires schools to implement necessary measures for the prevention, suppression, and student dormitories should configure the necessary fire extinguishing equipment, evacuation, emergency lighting walkways installed posted striking fire warnings, fire telephone number, etc. Fire departments should regularly training school guards on the discovery of fire and fire suppression capabilities in the early days, the guards to existing fire facilities designated management, fire departments to better defend the staff training and maintenance work to ensure its healthy and effective, on failure, fire extinguishing equipment for expired good repair replacement work. Particular school security cadres to regularly view the dormitory, night lights to go after more in order to identify problems, solve problems, once combustion, on the one hand can quickly alerts, on the one hand, the timely elimination and control the fire, the fire loss to minimize as much as possible.
　　
3. foster self-help skills for escape.
　　
School fires caused students to death, personal injury, often not open fire burned directly, but rather due to a lack of understanding about blindly run or escape hide in a corner and large amounts of toxic smoke inhaled causing suffocation. If you are able to master the skills, then hit escape students can carry out a fire in the first time, which can help significantly reduce the rate of fire casualties. Current national fire agencies are conducting fire propagating the "four input" activities, schools should actively cooperate with the Fire Department do our students ' education and training, at the entrance of the military training while imparting basic knowledge of anti-off, fire. At the request of various universities in teaching the basic knowledge through to the course content, it may invite the fire monitors to school as students teach fire safety class, or the use of local fire station open to organizations and teachers visit to watch the fire officers and soldiers fighting combat exercises, initial training students disposal approaches to fire and self-help skills.
　　
4, the fire brigade to fight well prepared to ensure the strength of the place.
　　
Schools as a key security objects, fire forces must regularly carry out detailed research on basic conditions in particular in places of major events held at the school and teachers, to always grasp, realistic and effective firefighting plan, do know he is a real friend, so that in the event of a fire can be targeted to improve the success rate of saving and fire-fighting. As fire fighting and rescue aid of professional teams, the fire department upon receipt of such key unit of fire, the need to strengthen the forces deployed to ensure that fire fighting power of sufficient, while commanding respect to deploy highly experienced commanders to command, to rescue and fire fighting in a win-win situation.
　　
The school is talented person's repository, campus fire safety should be of sufficient importance to avoid big losses. Thankfully, the campus fire safety has increasingly been the concern of the community, there are more and more schools will fire safety as an important task, campus fire safety environment has considerably changed, we believe, as the Government's attention and efforts of all sectors of society, our campus fire safety work is bound to the meeting to a new level, education reform and development of a safe environment.

【 Weak current College 】 high-rise building underground garage exhaust smoke with system design---Power By 【 China power house network 】

1 Overview
　　
Currently there are large and tall buildings, underground car park in order to meet its own users parking needs. There is a flat area of 1 million square meters, the floor up to 4 layers, parking lot, so hop in the design of the exhaust and smoke exhaust system is very important. This article in conjunction with the author, describes the combined exhaust smoke exhaust system of a design method and design process to analyse the problems encountered by the proposed solution.
　　
2 high-rise building underground garage ventilation rate calculation
　　
(1) exhaust volume:
　　
Specification: "underground garage should generally be set mechanical exhaust system, the exhaust volume should be diluted exhaust gas volume calculation. If there is no calculation information, refer to the ventilation exhaust volume estimation, generally not less than 6 times/, the air is not less than 5 times/time. "Above should be directed at the private garage, a high-rise building of underground garage due to core tube, post network, service, ancillary room layout, its utilization is below the private parking garage, simple form ACH volume calculation of ventilation, ventilation rate high, according to the actual number, calculate its parking ventilation rate.
　　
Underground garage ventilation design by fully into account, the required ventilation rate according to the literature [1] recommended formula. Overall ventilation required ventilation rates are:
　　
L0=LM（m3/h）
　　
L=Q/C-CO（m3/h）
　　
Type: L0-garage exhaust volume (m3/h);
　　
L-garage unit floor area exhaust volume (m3/h);
　　
M-car inventory area (m2);
　　
Q-unit floor area automobile CO emissions (mg/h · m2);
　　
C-next car park CO allows concentration, C = 100mg/m3;
　　
CO-CO concentrations in outdoor air, CO = 3.0mg/m3;
　　
Units in the floor area of Automobile CO emissions (mg/h · m2):
　　
Q=ABCD/E
　　
Type: A-garage parking in the surface area per unit;
　　
B-car access frequency (hourly access number and design capacity), desirable 50 ~ 100%;
　　
C-every car in the garage in the engine running time from 3min;
　　
D-automobile CO emissions per unit of time, the g/s. Homemade Santa automobile CO emissions 0.577g/s, imported Ford Motor CO emissions 0.319g/s;
　　
E----CO emissions account for a percentage of total emissions, take 0.89.
　　
Example: a 2000m2 underground parking, storey 3.6m (beam Board converted after clearance height bottom 3.5m), parking capacity 45 vehicles (by imports, domestic cars: 50 meters), the calculation of the overall ventilation rates (to and from the frequency of 0.85%).
　　
By using the above formulas, calculated:
　　
Unit floor area automobile CO emissions: Q = 1574 (mg/h · m2);
　　
Emissions per unit of surface area: L = 16.2 (mg/h · m2);
　　
L0 = 32400 ventilation rate (m3/h);
　　
ACH A ≈ 4.8.
　　
(2) the air in the underground garage
　　
To prevent emissions from overflow, underground parking garage must maintain negative pressure. Therefore, the air should be less than exhaust volume, generally take 70% ~ 85%, the rest by the exhaust volume into supplementary driveway.
　　
3 How to solve the exhaust and smoke production inconsistencies
　　
Underground garage with exhaust smoke exhaust system design process you first need to solve is the exhaust volume and exhaust volume inconsistencies, common methods:
　　
A. selection of two or two above fan parallel operation, usually only running a typhoon machine for ventilation. Fire, start another Typhoon machine running, the second Typhoon machine of air, wind pressure meet exhaust requirements. In this way, the fan number, installation and subsequent management action is difficult.
　　
B. choose two-speed fan, usually the exhaust to run at low speed, high speed operation when the fire, this way to solve the above mentioned a problem, but exist in meeting their exhaust volume normally exhaust volume on the high side.
　　
C. reasonable division smoke partition size, the maximum amount of exhaust smoke partition and the usual exhaust volume agreed or somewhat smaller, so that a strong fan (air press exhaust volume selection) to meet the usual exhaust and smoke in case of fire, which solves these problems in a, b.
　　
So how is the c in the underground garage combined exhaust smoke exhaust system design process and exhaust of inconsistent better.
　　
4 exhaust smoke with system design issues
　　
The following highlights the adoption of the above 3 c style design problems.
　　
A division of, smoke partition:
　　
(1) in the doctrine, to smoke partition area divided only limit restrictions that "not more than 500m2". On the lower minimum smoke partition area last clear limits, then smoke partition size can be scaled without limits? "under the regulations on exhaust fan in 8.4.2.1 air volumeRequirement: "take a smoke partition exhaust, air flow should not be less than 60m3/h · m2 calculation (single Typhoon machine minimum air flow should not be less than 7200m3/h)," thus projected a single smoke partition size should be no less than to satisfy requirements 120m2, so you can have a lower bound of the 120m2, reference.
　　
(2) combined with the system maximum preventing smoke partition size to determine:
　　
Due to the amount of usable system smoke and exhaust volume basically the same, so under the regulations of law No. 8.4.2.2, maximum preventing smoke partition size = exhaust volume 120 (m3/h · m2) (and its area is greater than 120m2), according to this value into smoke partition.
　　
Example: a large underground parking one fire partition (an exhaust smoke exhaust system), garage height 3.2m (after deduction of the plate), exhaust volume by 5 times/hour.
　　
Calculated echausting 31744m3/h, smoke partition area S = 31744/120 = > 120m2 265m2. Under column layout, beam system layout, divided into: EP. 265m2, exhaust fan required air quantity = 30720m3/h < exhaust volume.
　　
B. exhaust (exhaust) air outlet size layout:
　　
Outlet size specifications, except those that meet the usual exhaust smoke, while meeting the requirements of each smoke partition layout based on its size 1 ~ 2 Tuyere, uses the louver and equipped electric sealed valves, fire valves gravity (action temperature 280 ° c).
　　
C. exhaust (exhaust) fan selection:
　　
Use fire exhaust fan, fan press exhaust volume selection, set the duct fan outlet check valve, gravity fire damper (action temperature 280 ° c).
　　
D. make-up air system:
　　
Using the usual air supply systems wind, air flow should meet the requirements of the regulations.
　　
E. fire occurs, Plenum continue to operate, closed, non-fire smoke zone valves, set on fire smoke flue gas, air in the system to continue the wind flow from non-fire district to fire district flows.
　　
When smoke spread to the adjacent smoke, smoke, fume outlet opened in flue gas temperature of more than 280 ° c gravity fire dampers close, stop the smoke zone smoke.
　　
5 conclusions
　　
In a large underground garage with 3-way design in c exhaust emission is combined with the system, through the outlet of the exhaust gas fire close to meet needs, simplify operations, control systems, while reducing fire fan motor power, in areas where conditions permit, the use of the system should be a better choice.