【 Weak current College 】 gas fire safety management and thinking---Power By 【 China power house network 】

1. Overview
Use of gas in China at present mainly has the coal gas, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) three broad categories. Gas industry development area broadly divided into gas cars, urban fuel, gas turbines, four basic chemicals.
With the ever-changing gas industry to flourish, the scale of production and consumption is increasing, more and more using the site, the situation is more complex, the existing security management regime has failed to keep pace with the rapid development of the gas industry. In policies, regulations, standards and specifications, etc. are not synchronized, not lagging behind in a complete set etc. also highlights the disadvantages. In recent years, in the production, transport, storage and use of fire, explosion, leakage and heavy industrial accidents abound, its rating and the number continues to increase, such as 98, Xi'an liquefied gas tank leak, explosion, etc, to the country and the people of life and property caused a great loss, but also to social public security and stability has brought about tremendous negative impact from a certain extent affected the gas industry to promote and develop.
Therefore, clearing the current China gas fire safety management issues for the sector in the establishment of a scientific and reasonable gas fire safety management guarantee that the new system will provide reference basis, has become particularly important.
This article is from the point of view of the fire, to present in the gas fire safety management certification system in question has carried out in-depth research, analysis and discussion.
　　
2, our gas fire safety management system status
According to the 1991 March 30 by Ministry of construction, Ministry of labour, the Ministry of public security, the joint publication of Decree No. 10 of the city gas safety management regulations ", the construction sector is the city gas safety management of administrative departments, fire departments as gas safety management of the supervision departments and Labor departments as gas safety management of the supervision departments and pressure vessels, the competent authorities.
As the Fire Department, in gas safety management business, mainly related to: participate in the formulation and gas fire safety management related laws, regulations and standards, specifications and implementation; responsible for the testing and certification of fire products; gas production, transportation, storage, use, and other links of related sites, pipelines, equipment, supervision and management of user conduct fire; participation in gas accident disposal; daily fire training and public education.
Our current and gas fire safety management related law has three, that is, the fire service Act, the criminal code and the public security Ordinance; related fire safety regulations and rules very much, such as the chemical dangerous goods Management Ordinance, the town gas safety management regulations ", various provinces of the gas Management Ordinance; and numerous product technology standards and engineering design specifications, such as the design specification for city gas, the automotive LPG filling station design code, etc.
　　
3, our gas safety management problems
Gas fire safety management involves planning, designing, building and construction, supervision, inspection, operation, maintenance and emergency treatment and so on, through the data collection and analysis, organizational Expert chats, as well as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Sichuan and investigation of Heilongjiang, China in gas safety problems summarized as follows:
1) security management mechanisms do not adapt to the economic development of the gas industry market
Gas industry involved in construction, energy, transport, labor safety, agriculture, and other management areas, gas industry safety management also involves fire and the competent authorities, the Central and local authorities of the relevant decree promulgated on gas safety management implementation. But local and Central Government and local departments of Decree coordination difficult at the same time, China's southern and Northern developed coastal regions of Central and Western regions with differences are large and require the same security management mechanism or regulations will result in many times.
10 article 4 of the Decree defines the Ministry is responsible for managing national city gas security work, the Ministry of labour and the Ministry responsible for the safety monitoring respectively and fire supervision, therefore, the various provinces of gas safety work should be performed by the competent authorities responsible for the construction. However, parts of the construction sector as the administrative authorities, in gas safety management has not fully realized, all functional departments lack regular coordination between, making the area of gas safety improvement efforts. From the survey, the country most large and medium cities in construction charge of System Management Office was established in gas or gas management service, but due to staffing and other factors, these departments comply with trade management functions to significantly more than fulfil the safety functions, there are only a few of the Office, too busy dealing with day-to-day individual, no energy holistic security management, and security management functions based on fire, safety and production monitoring and supervision Department, or let the gas supply unit to strengthen safety management.
Furthermore, as technology advances and market demand, the economic development of the gas industry in China is developing rapidly. And internationally by the Guild, intermediary organizations, insurance companies, entrepreneurs, and other common participation of gas fire safety management has not yet been formed of socialization patterns; on the other hand, the reform of government institutions, personnel, police and fire departments to streamline the passively mobilize-supervision and inspection of fire will be increasingly difficult.
2) legal system lag
Current gas safety management of the legal system and obvious enough, existing regulations seriously lagging behind compared with developed countries, there is a big gap, the main problems:
(1) regulatory lag. The current implementation of the provisions more authoritative gas only 1991 publication of Decree No. 10, the provisions of the safety management of the gas only made principles, relevant legal responsibilities are not clear, in the actual operation elasticity is too large, it is difficult. And the release has been 10 years, during which the economy, market development and administration of a large, yet are revised.
(2) parts of the regulations. Throughout the country in order to strengthen the regionalGas management and security work, the first 10 on the basis of the Decree has developed a wide range of gas Management Ordinance, approach. But since the local use of gas type, number, geographical and environmental conditions, the regulations are also a large difference caused national gas management no more unified management mode, the management functions of multiple, overlapping, supervision and management of uncertainty bounds, makes many security risks cannot be the whole solution.
(3) policies, lack of coordination. Regulations of the different ministries are inconsistent or contradictory, for specific departments bring many administrative inconvenience. For example: in 1998 by the Ministry of construction of exclusive publication Decree No. 62--the city gas management measures "in the" urban gas supply security "chapter of the various provisions of the decree with 10 greater access; on the light hydrocarbon fuel (5-carbon), Ministry of agriculture, seven units jointly issued" to promote the use of this new type of fuel, and the Ministry of public security, three units from security management point of view, have jointly issued prohibition in cities use this fuel. These regulatory inconsistency or contradiction in terms, that grass-roots management supervision departments at a loss, it is difficult to grasp, eventually caused the sector to shirk its responsibility, management chaos.
(4) the Government departments, law enforcement is not enough. Gas safety management essential to foreign gas industry operators do not dare to defy the law, the strict legal management will make illegal operators significant losses and insolvency. Our current gas industry operating in violation of one of the main instruments are issued rectification notices or penalty, fines far insufficient to deter illegal operators tend to rise up and down also fine, and the detailed rules for the implementation of the non-matching, so that enforcement action is hard to grasp or effects of unsatisfactory.
　　
3) specification, standard without sound
Gas industry design specifications and relevant product standards for design, construction technology, is gas safety management of technical regulations. The current technical standards exist a number of aspects:
First, the formulation of relatively late, at the same time in order to take into account the interests of the various aspects of the specification of the content that is a replica of the actual operation, advanced technical content, not reflected by increased gas equipment facilities of its own high-tech content of intrinsically safe guiding ideology;
Second, technical specification revision cycle is long, and the rapid development of the economic situation and the urban environment not adapted to new technology, new technology, new equipment, new measures could not be found in the practical application of the legal basis.
Its three main spec lacks scientific basis. If critical gas facilities of the fire separation problem, Russia is sparsely populated, still continue to increase gas facilities of the fire separation this negative concept of protection, in compliance with less emphasized in the science and technology content and quality, and other technical measures to ensure that gas facilities of their own operational security. Our existing standards of making more use of this concept. Yet the concept did not adapt to our country, especially in large cities and coastal economy developed and densely populated areas of gas construction development. A is the area of valuable land is very difficult to achieve this kind of long-distance security isolation design; and second, once an explosion of high-pressure gas facility, a safe, 200 metres distance cannot guarantee security. While Europe and the United States, Australia and Japan and other countries, the use of high-technology content to ensure safety, standard specification for developing sector of scientific research and experimental base, they are based on experimental data to determine the guaranteed security measures must be taken, and depending on the regional level and technical measures to determine the different safety distance.
Fourth, some important gas facilities standards and engineering specifications are missing, such as the high pressure natural gas pipeline project in the city of specifications, all kinds of gas engineering construction acceptance, etc. In addition, the gas quality with hose and ageing, gas alarm technology, yet without the use of qualitative and quantitative concept.
　　
4) design, the examination and acceptance of operability is not strong
Since the specification standards, flexibility, to design, examination and acceptance brings operational not strong disadvantages.
As the design department, the owners control investment requirements are often difficult to adopt high-tech products and measures to ensure the safety of the gas-fired facility itself, once it has been difficult to achieve the safe distance specifications can only take the Department coordinated approach, but this kind of coordination often lack experimental techniques.
Current gas project examination subject to the police and the Fire Department, in the light of the technological process of gas facilities and specialized equipment complexity, the Fire Department of professional level much lower than the gas industry technical management Department, its examination difficult. Such as Beijing, some provincial and municipal fire departments that fire departments should not bear incompetent technical links of examination work.
In addition, this stage gas facilities some important parts material quality level and industrialized countries are still exists a large distance, such as all kinds of valves, pipes, etc. Gas standards on product requirements not strictly, will probably make some low technical content of accessories for gas installations of key important parts that pose a security risk.
　　
5) daily operational management of
For historical reasons caused by security breach, as well as new situations arise new security problems, lack of effective solutions, resulting in the day-to-day operation and management more problems. Mainly in the following areas:
(1) city gas network aging more serious. Part of the pipeline has been continuously for decades has never detect maintenance, its safety and reliability cannot be determined, with the possibility of accidents occurred from time to time.
(2) road reconstruction problems. Many of the city of gas pipeline network with the needs of urban construction, the location of the local pipeline changes, road widening and new entrance opened cause gas pipeline in the driveway, but the foundation of the original pipeline without reinforcement, inadequate is a fire separation, more seriously, it is easy to result pipeline compression damage, gas leak occurred. In addition, the top of the gas pipeline build illegal construction is also a prominent issue that once protected by architectural effects tube rupture occurred, causing the death group of Group of malignant accident。
(3) the impact of construction is also a violation of gas pipeline safety. First, the gas pipeline construction quality assurance system is not yet adequate, engineering quality supervision multi-subcontracting, are not in place, do not meet the buried pipeline to national technical norms, but he is a secret project, some problems are more difficult to find. Second, outside construction damage to gas pipeline phenomenon is relatively common, next to the gas pipeline construction, construction unit or units not sought for construction of urban planning or the management unit of the gas pipeline, the pipeline construction, corruption blindly, gas leak, endanger safety.
(4) gas pipeline property rights unclear. Urban gas supply system, from the enterprise to the pipeline between users of property rights has not prescribed, leads to security management responsibility subject.
(5) the dwellers upholstery more hidden. At present the domestic gas pipeline laying lack effective means of control.
(6) liquefied gas steel cylinder management out of control, a high rate of accidents. As a substitute for coal quality fuel, since the 1980s 2Kg, 5Kg, 15Kg large amounts of liquified petroleum gas into the household and catering industry, the 1990s began to liquefied gas business, sales, transport and other areas, the vicious competition, noticed is highlighted, and therefore has had more security vulnerabilities.
6) emergency response capability is not strong.
Gas accident emergency ability including gas enterprise's own emergency power and capacity of public security fire emergency. Gas accident emergency key to cut off the gas, the fight against the spread of fire and prevent early and the protection of the surrounding important facilities.
Country in the context of the differential is large, such as Harbin, currently dominated by manufactured gas (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas users 20-30%), as a result of decades of operation, as well as the importance of the sector has become more mature security management and emergency response mechanisms at all levels of fire fighting equipment fire forces are more advanced, once an accident, fire, public security enterprise dedicated fire department and medical rescue party at the accident scene effectively cooperate with a high accident rate.
Beijing, Shanghai and other major cities as in recent years the city gas to liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, change of momentum and continuously enhance, accident frequency is high, its emergency response capabilities clearly insufficient. Including corporate rescue and fire detection and blocking of site, personal protective equipment, such as technical equipment as well as the standard setting of a fire station and so on, many area fire departments to the accident scene from master data and equipment, can not be timely identification, is in the blind position, it is difficult to determine the correct tactics, 1998 Xi'an "3.5" explosion is the obvious example.
In addition, the introduction of compulsory military service in China public security fire prevention, fire fighters in service for 2 years, the technology level of accumulation, difficult to adapt to complex gas accident scene. In view of the scene to leak gas varieties, concentration, equipment, containers, pressure difficult to clear, the Fire Department on scene of the accident only to rescue personnel and cooling protection limited role.
　　
7) training is not normative, practitioners professional quality
Firstly, normative action practitioners is to eliminate the people-the key to gas accident. With the gas industry and the development of a variety of operating systems, there have been two important phenomena: the specification management of large enterprises as the key unit of fire safety, both inside and outside the strict monitoring and management, training of operating personnel more stringent, the second is part of the operating medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are not standardized, simply the pursuit of efficiency, seriously neglected the business training of operators.
Secondly, in the gas business operations staff of professional quality high enough, some people do not have trained on appointment, or have no periodic refresher training programs, safety knowledge particularly fire safety knowledge knows very little, and do not have the capacity to identify security risks, not to speak to the user information security knowledge.
In addition, there are a lot of places are not specialized professional training institutions, regional operations staff training vary considerably, the formalism, has opened two days will be issued a certificate, or to engage in profit-making purposes at all levels of repeat training. Different departments based on their security responsibilities or economic interests, training, more than one post, some evidence of serious training unit qualification authoritative Department authorized mandate, while gas business units affected by conditions and level of restrictions, for their own security training only a formality only. 8) insurance industry has not been involved in the fire safety management
Foreign insurance as a risk-benefit relationship occurs directly market economy entities in interventional gas industry the run link security risk assessment on the basis of the insurance cover. Insurance companies and their owners, Government, fire departments are mutual needs and mutual protection, restraint, a gas safety in the operation of an indispensable component.
China insurance industry is not really a market economy mode operations involved in the gas industry risk assessment and security management and supervision of the consciousness of the weak, but concerned about the lottery? quot; the insured to expand the scale of business, while at the same time wishes to adopt the relevant government departments on the industrial fire safety oversight, luck to reduce or avoid the claim responsibility.
With China's accession to the WTO, foreign insurance inevitably to intervene to our industries, our insurance will change the operation mode, conforming to the international form.