【 Weak current College 】 high-rise construction equipment room fire design related issues

High-rise construction equipment room fire design is a very important aspect. But in engineering design, due to some fuzzy understanding specifications and economic factors into account such factors as insufficient, resulting in the design in some problems. Article analyses and compares some of the commonly used at home and abroad design type, explored in works of easy problems and it should be noted that, while some immature for a certain amount of research.

High-rise construction equipment room design of fire is fire in the design of an important part, as a result of modern high-rise building features become increasingly complex, and toward the intelligent development. In these buildings, in order to meet various requirements, usually are equipped with specialized equipment room, computer room, security monitoring room, high and low pressure electrical power distribution, diesel generator room, etc. According to the specific requirements and capabilities of different buildings, equipment or with whose composition is different, therefore, in the equipment room fire system selection, you should select appropriate, affordable fire protection system. But today's engineering design, there are some system options are not appropriate, in the meet the same requirements, economic factors are considered less.

1 automatic fire extinguishing system types and analysis

1.1 carbon dioxide extinguishing systems

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems for pipe fire suppression system in General, is a fixed installations, mainly applies to: ① solid surface fire and some solid deep-fire (such as cotton, paper) and electrical fires; ② liquid or unfreezing solid (such as paraffin, bitumen etc) before the fire; ③ can cut off the gas fire extinguishing gas fire. The system's shortcomings is to design not reasonable easy to cause an explosion, equipment maintenance costs, and impact on the environment. [1]

1.2 halon fire-extinguishing system series

Halon fire-extinguishing system series high efficiency, fire extinguishing time is short, a provincial project investment, maintenance costs are lower in China and the world's more widely. But since the series fire extinguishing system has toxic effects on people, and will destroy the ozone layer in the atmosphere, the relevant United Nations bodies have repeatedly setting international Convention prohibiting the use of halon system.

Halon fire-extinguishing system suitable for series fire category: ① solid surface fire (such as paper, wood, plastic, rubber, etc.) and electrical fires (e.g., electrical equipment, generators, motors, cables, etc.); ② liquid fire (such as kerosene, gasoline, alcohol, benzene, etc); ③ gas fire (such as methane, ethane, gas, etc.).

1.3 water spray extinguishing systems

Water spraying extinguishing system is a fixed automatic fire extinguishing system of a type that is in the automatic sprinkler system developed on the basis of. By private water fog sprinkler will flow into tiny drops of fire-fighting, in-fighting, the tiny water droplets may completely vaporized and best cooling effect, at the same time, the water vapour expansion 1680 times, causing the suffocation of the environmental conditions in the fight does not dissolve in water of combustible liquid fires, water droplet impact mixing effect makes the combustible liquid surface produces no burning emulsion layer, if combustible liquid soluble in water, can result in dilution dilution effect [2]. Water mist itself has electric insulation properties, can be safely used for electrical fires. Water spraying extinguishing system of the application scope is currently concentrated in industrial areas, protection of objects mainly for special equipment and devices. If large transformer power enterprises, oil switch, combustible liquid storage tanks, valves, hydraulic equipment and garage, etc. It features simple equipment, less investment, maintenance costs are lower, but the system requires the water pressure is high, the amount of water.

1.4 dry powder fire extinguishing system

Dry powder fire extinguishing systems for solid surface fire, liquid fires, gas fire applies, but is used extensively for the first two types of fire. Automatic extinguishing system for automated detection systems and fire extinguishing system linkage, although the system fire extinguishing effect is good, but the relative investment is large and solid powder extinguishing agent cannot effectively address the problem fighting.

2 project examples and comparative analysis

2.1 project example

A high-star hotel (hotel) on the ground floor, 23 2 floors, building total height 89.5m, decoration and equipment determined by four stars, equipment room located on 2 floors, separate fire protection district, its total area, clear height 6.5m 410m2, total volume 2900m3, internal 2 fuel lithium bromide unit (1450kW), 2 sets of fuel hot water unit (348kW), 2 steam boiler (0.2t/h), oil tank is installed. According to the fire code [3], when the equipment room located in high-rise buildings, but also has the fuel equipment, the need to set the automatic fire fighting system, which in most cases, the design of the unit are used to using Halon 1211 fire-extinguishing system, the network engineering design is no exception.

2.2 problems

2.2.1 equipment room capacity is too large

Equipment room in applying higher, more than the limit of the volume of data specifications and design 2000m3 was not considered appropriate for equipment room separated, so the original design used by the fire extinguishing system in conformity with the specifications first. In addition, when the boundaries of machinery spaces of category 1 equipment, equipment room of halon pipe will open all, submerged all equipment room space, this not only makes the halon pipe network system is too large, 1211 gas and nitrogen reserves increase, at the same time causing 1211 gas unnecessary waste.

2.2.2 protection device and the system does not match the investment cost

According to project estimates, equipment room in total approximately 150 million, and the equipment room 1211 halon automatic fire extinguishing system construction costs about $ 120 million, will still consider 1211 gas leak required maintenance fees.

2.3 security and economy select

In engineering design, specific to certain specific issues, you must look for a more economical fire protection system,Is this system that is able to meet the requirements of the fight fire, without cost is too high, and can make the appropriate partition. When a device is on fire, only on the device and its surrounding the implementation of fire, and will not affect other equipment. For this project the use of water sprinkler system supplemented by ammonium phosphate and aft of the design. Its water spraying fire extinguishing systems and 1211 halon fire extinguishing systems are listed in table 1.


From table 1 visible, water spraying fire extinguishing systems and 1211 halon fire extinguishing system compared to the former small investment, does not pollute the environment, in addition, lower maintenance costs. Worthy is: engineering design with less consideration to economic factors and water spray systems, and the design experience is not very much, and therefore should be fire departments jointly study design.

3 closing

High-rise construction equipment room design is a complex issue, in the equipment room fire system scheme selection, should take account of the system to meet fire protection requirements and conform to the specification, do engineering low investment, low running cost, the fire extinguishing system actions targeted, which requires designers to present various popular fire extinguishing system performance with a deep understanding of some of those methods and ideas.