【 Weak current College 】 fire facilities inspection and maintenance management (1)

Summary: this article is fire protection facilities in fire hydrant systems, automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler systems, fire extinguishing systems and fire separation system, smoke control system, emergency lighting and fire evacuation instructions system, communication system, fire protection, fire power lifts, acceptance of common problems and maintenance of the status and problems of analysis, carried out on how to make checking and how building fire facilities maintenance management, fire protection facilities management and oversight of the sector has the practical guidance.

1. the development trend of high-rise buildings

With the deepening of the Socialist market economy development, the rapid development of China's urban construction, as one of the modern city signs of high-rise buildings, a large number of super high-rise building was put into use. According to the survey, due to the end of 1991, the country has completed a total of high-rise buildings, including buildings 13000 height exceeding 100 metres tall buildings near 70. Now all major cities of high-rise buildings rising in recent years, with the rapid development of electronic information industry, skyscraper fire facilities more and more intelligent.

2. fire protection equipment acceptance FAQ

(A) fire hydrant system:

1, fire water tank: effective capacity is small, shared pool no fire dedicated technical measures, larger-capacity water tank regardless of that measure.

2, the fire pump: traffic is small or large side lift, a set of fire control pump only one suction pipe or only one outlet, outlet on the pressure gauge, no test on the water valve, pressure relief valves, pilot device settings are not correct, the suction pipe of diameter is small, ordinary water pump and fire pumps to covertly.

3¡ ¢ working stroke facilities: booster pump flow on the high side.

4. pump adapter: and the fire hydrant or water intake of distance is greater than the number 40m, low, no partition settings.

5. vacuum unit: fire hydrant outlet of dynamic pressure greater than 0.5Mpa is not set and vacuum unit, vacuum orifice diameter is small.

6, fire water tank: the tank through the roof and no fire water pipe, pipe network without special measures, fire-water outlet check valve is not set.

7, fire hydrant: valve closed, there are ceilings; in winter the ground fire hydrant and rupturing; outdoor ground fire hydrant opens Opera crack motion; indoor hydrant outlet of hydrostatic pressure exceeding 80mH2, did not use partition water supply system; indoor hydrant outlet direction parallel to the wall (in addition, the new listing of the hydrant outlet can be rotated part of the fire hydrant quality does not cross the border, with a time of rust makes fire hydrant, affecting use); roof is not set check test fire hydrant.

8, fire hydrant button: temporary part of high pressure water supply system is not set in the fire box direct cycle pump button feature is not complete. (There are four common mistakes: fire hydrant button cannot directly open pump, only through the linkage controller started the fire pump; fire hydrant button starts no confirmation signal; fire hydrant button does not display the alert, the parts; fire hydrant button through strong electric cycle pump 220V. )

9, fire hydrant pipeline: diameter small; a galvanized pipe, some installation unit citation for welding (devastation caused coating pipeline corrosion, easy to wear, resulting in the leakage of rotten).

(Ii) automatic fire alarm system:

1, fire detectors: selection and places not; the installation is unstable, loose; the installation position, distance, angle does not satisfy the specifications and design requirements; detector lights not toward easy confirmation of staff of the main entrance direction; detector coding and completion chart identifies, controller display does not correspond, does not reflect the actual location of the detector; alarm function is not working properly.

2, manual fire alarm button: the alarm function is not working properly; warning button coding and completion chart identifies, controller display does not correspond, does not reflect the actual location of alarm button; the installation does not conform to the specifications and design requirements; the installation is unstable, loose, italic.

3, fire alarm controller: do not use the national quality certification of products, the installation does not meet the requirements, Cabinet wiring does not meet the requirements, fire alarm controller power supply and grounding forms and isolator settings do not meet the requirements, the basic functions of the controller 13 (electricity, fire alarm, second beep, beep, silencers reduction, fire, priority, post, display and record, panel review, alarm delay time, power supply automatic switching, standby power charger, power supply voltage stability and load stability function) cannot be fully realized, master, power capacity, power electric performance test failed.

4, fire show up: do not use the national testing center inspection qualified products, the installation does not meet the requirements, power supply and grounding form does not meet the requirements, fire show up 8 basic function (alarm, second beep, silencers reset, fault alarm, panel review, power conversion, delay time, timer functions) do not fully meet the requirements, power capacity, power electric performance test failed.

5. work and protection earthing system does not meet the requirements.

6. fire control equipment: selection of national quality certification of the product, installation, wiring does not meet the requirements, 13 basic control functions (as it is connected to the device or parts supply, receive and issue the fire alarm signal, making linkage control signal, output, and display the corresponding control signal, complete the related function, manual or automatic operation mode, single managed devices, manual control, fault alarm, native post and panel review, bus isolator settings, manual reset should not alter the original status information, power conversion, display and record, programming should not be executed due to an unexpected program) does not fully meet the requirements, power capacity, electricity performance does not meet the requirements.

7, routing does not meet the requirements.

(Iii) automatic sprinkler system:

1.Fire water tank, fire pumps, pump adapter, fire water tank (see fire hydrant system) also, set a fire water tank outlet check valve and tank at the bottom of the vertical distance is too small (usually less than 1m), water testing, water flow indicator not alarm.

2. voltage system: the flow rate regulators pumps, regulators pumps location settings do not meet the requirements (high set voltage pump water tank, the nearest access sprinkler system at the top of the stack).

3. vacuum unit settings do not meet the requirements.

4. wet alarm valve: set of locations is not appropriate, water-supply control valve is not set.

5. flow indicator signal valve is not installed before or with the distance between the water flow indicator is less than 300mm.

6. at the end of the test device (pilot valve, pressure gauge, drainage), test tube diameter smaller than 25mm.

7. system linkage experiment at the end of the test, valve opening, the pressure gauge reading is less than 0.049Mpa.

8, nozzle: selection does not meet the requirements, and high-power heating lamps and air duct outlet is close.

9, pressure relief valves: water pump pressure relief valves has not been installed on the outlet pipe.

10, installation is not required on a rinsing, pipe pressure test, pressure test, there is a pipeline leak connectors, piping with debris, easy plug nozzle.

11, casing and the wear line clearance is not populated with the related materials.

12, pressure switch, hydraulic alarm false alarms.

(Iv) gas extinguishing systems:

1, the compressive strength of the surrounding structure object.

2. fire, gas fire extinguishing system linkage control cannot be turned off, stopped fan.

3, fire, smoke gas fire places linked control cannot close the smoke extraction facilities.

4, nozzle spacing of the installation location and do not meet design requirements.

(V) fireproofing system:

1, used for evacuation channels on both sides of the fire shutter detector set is not set, and do not set the manual control button.

2, evacuation channel fire shutter cannot achieve "two step".

3. used for fireproofing fire shutter, fire detectors, shutter after the action has not declined.

4, the same fire zones used for fireproofing fire shutter, fire detectors action after worth mentioning shutter not group. Do not press the fire floor and upper and down at the same time action required for debugging.

5. fire shutter control device does not have fire power supply.

6. fire shutter movements of feedback signal in indoor fire control cannot be displayed.

7-piece shutter open water protection.

8, fire door linkage control, fire doors cannot be automatically turned off and not to fire control device feedback action signals.

9, normally opened double fan the fire doors are not equipped with door closer and order, etc.

(Vi) smoke, air conditioning and ventilation system:

1, mechanical smoke extraction system for exhaust gas volume is small, mechanical smoke system of positive pressure air is small.

2. high-rise construction does not have natural smoke conditions of smoke front staircase, combined with mechanical smoke Chamber is not set.

3, building height exceeding 50m class of public buildings and more than the residential buildings of 100m stairways and former Chamber with natural gas, but does not set the mechanical smoke facilities.

4. set the smoke of basement does not set the air volume of not less than 50% of the exhaust air system.

5, basement mechanical smoke extraction system with exhaust vents and outlet switch cannot be linked.

6, exhaust vents, air supply valve open cannot start the linkage fan.

7, ventilation, air conditioning system with air duct through fire prevention Division, through the ventilation air conditioning room and important or fire risk large room partition wall and floor fire dampers are located.

8, kitchen, bathroom, toilet, and other vertical exhaust pipe, not take fire return measures, is not set on the branch pipe fire damper.

9, anti exhaust fan remote can not stop, do not set manually direct control, the original and most engineering smoke fans will be able to launch remote control, remote stop could not be achieved.

10, the same floor for several air valve (smoke) of feedback signal and then not threaded.

11, exhaust fan entrance and in the exhaust pipe is not set on the smoke fire dampers, smoke fire dampers and smoke exhaust fan interlock, usually does not automatically turn off.

12, supply outlet set location on the high side, where the exhaust port is set too low.

13, a high-rise building and building height exceeding 32m II high-rise construction construction area of more than 100m2 basement mechanical exhaust system is not set.

14, a high-rise building and building height exceeding 32m II high-rise buildings of no direct natural ventilation, and longer than the inner passages or 20m although direct natural ventilation, but longer than the inner passages not 60m set mechanical smoke extraction system.

15, positive pressure ventilation system air supply inlet set incorrectly.

16, high-rise buildings in annex part does not have natural smoke conditions before the Chamber (or room with front) is not appropriate to set the local mechanical smoke extraction facilities should be set locally positive pressure ventilation system.

17, smoke, anterior Chamber of positive pressure ventilation system should pressure fanSet on the suction tube valves and blower opened a chain of electric valve, Atrium's mechanical exhaust system should also be in the exhaust fan of the pipe is set on the check or set the normally closed exhaust valve (smoke fire dampers linkage is opened)

18, smoke staircases and combined with former rooms share the same pressurization system, leads to the combination of branch before room air duct pressure difference is not located on the automatic adjustment of the device.

19, against improper exhaust fan design position.

20, mechanical pressurization system of inlet check valve or is not set and the fan interlock electric valve.

21, ventilation and air conditioning systems through firewalls, deformation joint the 2m wide duct insulation that is not made of non-combustible materials.

22, control room does not display the ventilation and air-conditioning system fire dampers work status, and cannot close linkage of fire dampers.

(VII) fire emergency lighting, evacuation instructions and fire fire communications, broadcasting and fire alarm installations:

1, fire, emergency lighting, evacuation instructions insufficient quantity is small, the illumination, the installation location.

2. fire outside line telephones, private telephone, fire phone jack and fire alarms settings do not meet the requirements.

3, control centre and alarm system, fire cannot fire control room will fire evacuation level for the speakers and to public broadcasting amplifiers force fire broadcasting State, emergency broadcasting did not catch fire and simultaneous actions on, the lower the requirements for debugging.

4, control centre and alarm system, fire control rooms cannot monitor for fire broadcasts amplifiers working state, and does not have a remote control to open and use the loudspeaker amplifier audio features.

(VIII) fire elevator:

1, Wells road is not in accordance to specification, independent settings (some fire combination passenger elevator lift and well road, between the separated without effective fire protection).

2. fire elevator machine room and other elevator room between the specifications called for effective fire protection.

3, the bottom is not set drainage or drainage capacity less than 2.0m3 or drainage pump displacement of less than 10 liter/sec.

4, the first layer is not set for firemen dedicated action buttons.

5. after the forced landing of the elevator, you cannot continue running.

(IX) fire-fighting power:

1. at the level of power supply system load, 2-channel independent power supply of high-voltage units loop, either circuit failure, its high pressure side of the Bus Coupler switch only by manual input cannot be interlocked.

2. when all the high-voltage power supply and the other way to bring their own generator powered level load system, when the power supply voltage failure, but their own generators often rely on manual inputs to the low voltage side of bus power supply.

3, a high-rise building electric power generation, should be equipped with automatic start unit and power supply in the 30s, but most of the generator is not set voltage monitoring devices, it can only rely on manual start.

4, some control box is not set on fire control room leads directly to manually start the Terminal and the appropriate equipment.

5, fire control rooms cannot monitor important fire safety facilities of power supply.

6, there are important fire power supply circuit switch does not have the selectivity. When you start a fire pump, due to the startup current, control box automatically switch is not tripping, but leapfrog to skip to the power supply side and or distribution, low-voltage bus side.

7, pumps, fans, smoke, fire, its lift power supply line does not use fire-resistant type cable.

8, staircase centrally operated evacuation lighting, fire does not automatically light up.

9, the fire continued to work in places (such as power distribution unit, pump rooms, etc) is not enough time for emergency lighting and illumination.

10, the system does not meet the requirements of the two ways power supply, some are equipped with a generator, but capacity is small, cannot meet the load requirements.

11, wiring installation does not meet the requirements.

Acceptance of various problems, the reasons are: first, some design unit leadership to fire design attention is not enough, did not establish a strict censorship; it has system, but a mere formality; the designer not familiar with the relevant norms, with the impression, experience design. Second, since the fire agencies engaged in building fire safety audit of small projects, some of the staff on the automatic fire-fighting facilities design drawings audits do not carefully, not timely detection of problems. 3. construction and installation engineering technical staffing units are not in place, there's no fixed construction installation team, received a subcontract engineering free; some units even endowments, feel free to link. Fourth, some social idleness personnel after receiving the project through relationships, temporary, or recruiting, finding a flat a, began construction of the installation, to the acceptance of a knowing when asked, especially some subtle works of inspection and acceptance cannot check when, to the building of security using a risk.