【 Weak current College 】 Beijing Subway fire rescue system status---Power By 【 China power house network 】

MTR is an important part of the urban traffic because of its high speed fast becoming an important means of transportation in Beijing. Beijing Subway transport, personnel density, in the event of fire, it is easy to result group dead injury hazards, the consequences would be unthinkable.
　　
1 Beijing Subway status
　　
Beijing Subway project was opened in 1969, an existing line, link two operational lines, full-length 54km, including 39 operating station, original design, passenger volume 30 million now, maximum passenger capacity has reached more than 200 million peak hourly maximum cross section 2.4 million passengers transported persons 15.45 million people/hour, subway electric buses each car as much as people are often 245 where 300 people, bus transport and facilities design exceeded the carrying capacity of serious.
　　
The main characteristics of the subway fire 2
　　
2.1 smoke and high temperature of the disastrous great
　　
Metro fire, cable, decoration materials, combustion will produce a lot of smoke and heat, due to the relatively closed, toxic smoke will soon filled with tunnels and buildings. Based in Metro platform level simulation result of fire, 2.8MW ignition after platform layer 6min filled smoke, visibility was almost nil, smoke diffusion speed is average 1m/s. In this condition, the staff level, the average walking speed 0.33m/s, stair-walking speed average 0.29m/s. Personnel from the underground station to the ground evacuation, hot smoke rising from the ground up, and the evacuation of passengers in the same direction, but also increased the smog's influence on evacuation personnel. High temperature smoke also on human physiological and psychological cause strong stimulation, people tend to lose your rush to escape, confusion and congestion. Smoke also causes people of asphyxia, as smoke reach people in the head, the carbon monoxide content of 0.5% smoke hot temperatures exceed 43.3 ° c, air oxygen content of less than 14%-18%, it will make people's life in danger.
　　
2.2 evacuation difficult
　　
Beijing Subway within very narrow self-sealing, each tunnel width, except for passenger cars accounted for 4m to 2.56m, there is only a side 67.5cm. If a passenger train accident stopped at two points in the interval of the tunnel, passengers even if they can beat the car door and window jump, because people more crowded, almost no station feet. In particular, on the left side of the road direction, there is a live three-rail, if not cut off the power, jump back also occur a shock hazard. Where pyrotechnics, the platform column, ticket, step, and so have become the obstacle of evacuation.
　　
2.3 fire suppression difficult
　　
Metro fire, smoke, not long accumulation of poor visibility, it can cause difficulties for firefighters reconnaissance, unable to quickly find trapped passengers, locate fire points, it is difficult to quickly organize effective fire fighting. Metro fire, accident area must wear oxygen cut off-gas and air (oxygen) to put the fire breathing apparatus, protective equipment affect the fire fighters of liaison and tactical action and increase the strength of consumption, to the great fire-fighting operations. Subway all kinds of wireless communications equipment power of decay and even fire command cannot be used to contact difficulties. These are increased Metro fire extinguishing and rescue work.
　　
3 Beijing Subway fire rescue work problems
　　
In response to Beijing Metro possible incidents, in recent years, Beijing fire station did a lot of preparatory work, the purchase of a large number of fire fighting, rescue and protective equipment issued units, increased Metro fire-fighting and rescue capacity, but there are some problems.
　　
3.1 for fire-fighting for help Metro Police shortage
　　
To Beijing Metro current traffic, during peak times, stations passengers can even reach thousands of people. Beijing Xidan station on the subway fire drills found that two firemen wearing breathing apparatus in a small amount of air in the smoke conditions stretcher to the platform in a "injured" to the ground, to time consuming about 15min, reach the ground after the firemen had lost because of fatigue. When you need a large number of subway fire firefighter arduous search and rescue, fire fighting, visible police presence is enough to become a fire-fighting and rescue the success of a critical factor. To successfully complete the firefighting and rescue tasks, you will need in the early stage of fire dispatch enough rescue personnel and equipment to the site.
　　
Beijing fire brigade existing 57 fire Squadron, 2800 employees participate in fire-fighting and rescue officers and men of the first line of fire, of which 13 Squadron is located along the subway. From team building and team station stations distributed, Beijing fire still far meet national standards on team building, if the relevant requirements of the urban areas a subway station fire accidents for rapid mobilization of fire officers and only 300 ~ 500, you can dispose of smaller-scale disasters, if you have hundreds or even thousands of people trapped in the mega-disasters, will not be able to meet the firefighting and rescue needs.
　　
3.2 response training, subway fire drill is insufficient
　　
Increase of fire-fighting and rescue from training and drills from time to time. Beijing fire station you can take the underground fire hot training venues and only one, small, simple design to meet the city's fire officers and training needs. Because Metro long, every day in the subway uninterruptible, internal organizations combat exercises very difficult operation time walkthrough may boot up mass panic, adverse effects, so the initial walkthrough must later in the night outage. And exercise if you use large tunnel fire extinguishing equipment (such as Land Rover 60 snow vehicles) into MTR internal site walkthrough, it is easy to result stage, platform, and other facilities damaged, Walkthrough or ground water or manufacturing large amounts of smoke and fire points, for fear of impact on the second day of operation, the practical effect cannot impersonate, resulting in a considerable number of officers and men did not dispose of subway fire experience, objective difficulty caused fighting。
　　
Considerations 4
　　
Metro is the relationship between people living in major public facilities, is the focus of fire protection, if you want to do a subway fire protection work requires multiple parties with various departments. Beijing has developed a subway fire rescue plans issued by departments, as well as the Fire Department to configure, update, a lot of new equipment and special equipment, subway fire enhances Beijing Shi Metro fire. To put fewer cases further mitigate these problems, have a few ideas.
　　
(1) on the stations staff professional fire-fighting and rescue training for its equipped with high performance fire-fighting and rescue equipment and protective equipment. Because the fire had spread, early, heady, off, several stages, in the initial stages of the fire, fire control and easier to reach the fire spread and violent phase of the fight can be difficult. Subway station workers found fire early, when the fire in the beginning stages of General, professional fire brigade could not get at this time, if the organization staff alerts while leveraging efficient extinguishing equipment for the initial fighting, it is easy to put the fire under control, significantly reducing development as the probability of a major fire, then to the professional firefighters reduce great pressure, indirectly made up for the lack of fire-fighting forces.
　　
(2) asked by the relevant departments will organize practical exercises in Metro simulation as a system, such as the provisions of the Beijing subway system and the Fire Department must organize a joint fire rescue exercises, strengthening the Fire Department and the staff of subway fire rescue disposition.
　　
(3) relevant sector investment construction facilities of fire simulation exercise Center, one can fire personnel system of training, the second is to fire hall open to the public in the form of public inspection fire feelings, learning to fire escape knowledge, enhance awareness of fire prevention.