【 Weak current College 】 on fire sealing---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Summary: on fire sealing of the instance, the existing fire norms, common problems and fire sealing material types, performance, and provides a brief introduction and analysis, and proposed construction requirements and acceptance.
Tags: architecture; Fire prevention; Sealing
Building fire protection is active and passive two means. For passive fire protection, from the design point of view, China and most other countries of the building code or fire codes are provided for building and decoration materials combustion performance indicators, fire separation (such as walls, floors, etc., for horizontal and vertical segregation), fire district area, the fire resistance of building elements, such as for building fire and spread for control and prevention. But because of building internal use and construction needs, building construction, its interior will have a large number of construction pipeline in floor and wall between vertical and horizontal cross (such as ventilation and air conditioning ducts, smoke pipes, water supply pipelines, heat and power and other process piping, etc), floor and wall, wall and wall joints between are present. These through the holes and seams of fireproofing for the effective prevention of the spread of fire and smoke is also very important.
1 fire instance
(1) Korea Seoul 21 layer of burning House Hotel, due to the second floor of the Café LPG cylinder explosion fire, for building air conditioning shafts and other pipe wells are not blocked, and no horizontally tiered take fire separate measures that Fireworks through the pipe shaft spreading rapidly to the top level. When the fire first 11-layer scaling up, the flame from "skyscraper" spread down the Hall, the whole building soon formed a ablaze. 163 deaths caused by fire, 60 injured.
(2) of the 26 United States Las Vegas MGM Grand Hotel as layer electrical short circuit caused the fire, because building stairwells, elevator shaft was not set before room, various smoke vertical tube well and gap has not taken measures, fire-resistant partition resulting Fireworks through these rapidly spread up the shaft road, in a very short time, smoke engulfed the entire hotel building, roll straight up to the top on, about 150 meters. Fire caused 84 deaths, injuries, losses, 679, lesson.
(3) the Swan Hotel in Harbin 11 layers of fire that destroyed most of the decoration, furniture and electrical facilities, resulting in 10 people dead, 7 wounded, serious economic losses. Due to the hotel building pipeline across the floor hole useless cement mortar fire blocking tight,, from time to time to drop the following floor, thanks to the timely discovery of Mars, take precautions, it did not lead to a fire.
2 fire blocking common problems and hazards
Although national norms on fire blocking some of the provisions, but in some project execution is not strict, for building new materials, new technology, the existing standard lag, no clearly established. In the daily fire supervision, the main problems found are:
(1) through the firewall, floor of piping around the crack is not filled in all the design and materials;
(2) cable and pipeline well across the floor are used according to specification, the equivalent of fire resistance of the floor is not burning body for fireproofing, and rooms, corridors, etc. connected through the void of holes, their burning materials not used are not filled in, all, some in the pipeline for maintenance without carefully separated or compacting;
(3) some firewalls do not seal the gaps at the top, or opening;
(4) the construction of the wall joints, floor and wall between the seamless and not sealing;
(5) some glass curtain wall and each floor, wall cracks not blocking at or close to fill it;
(6) the fire door bright window can not reach the appropriate fire resistance requirements, some of the top and side sealing closed position;
(7) fire shutter top or sides of voids or cavities blocking is not strict, some sealing material is not up to the fire curtain of fire resistance requirements;
(8) closed bridges, trestle and the building at the junction of the door is not set to prevent the spread of fire protection facilities;
(9) wire, cable through the hole of the fire wall; not plugging
(10) the use of high-rise buildings to drain through the floor of plastics, the firewall is not set collar, and so on.
The existence of these problems, necessarily affects the vertical and horizontal direction of fire smoke separated, reduce the margin of the fire separation, so that the smoke and fire spread throughout the building, resulting in significant property damage and personal injury accidents.
3 fire sealing material classification, performance, and General construction method
Fireproof sealing materials for a variety of cross-cutting and unprotected openings to limit heat, fire, gas and smoke from spreading. Fireproof sealing materials according to the composition and performance characteristics into inorganic fire blocking materials, organic fire blocking and flame package; According to the fire resistance is divided into levels (≥ 3 h), level II (≥ 2 h), three-level (≥ 1 h). Its physical and chemical properties of technical indicators shown in table 1. (1) organic fire blocking materials (commonly known as the "fire-clay"). To synthetic resin for adhesive, with fire retardant, packing, rolled into material, the product is divided into intumescent (5 x to 10 x) and two non-swelling. With plasticity and flexibility; Long not curing, can be cut, rubbing, plugging holes of various shapes, construction and maintenance more convenient. In order to guarantee such as cable class through the heat, you can use the intumescent blocking without blocking.
When a fire occurs, blocking expansion, the cracks or smaller hole blocking tight, effectively prevent fire spread and smoke propagation. Some fire for a specific period of time up to 3 h, this blocking materials mainly used in pipes or wires, cables through the hole fire blocking project, in most cases and inorganic fire blocking materials, flame package. Use the blocking knead even after evenly with full cavity.

(2) inorganic fire blocking, also called quick-fire blocking. A fast dry cement-based, with fire retardant, refractory material, etc.After grinding, mixing. The fireproof blocking non-toxic, odorless, have good water resistance, oil resistance, simple construction method. The oxygen index is 100, Department of noncombustible materials. Fire resistance time up to 3 h above. Product on a pipe or wire, cable through the hole, and in particular the larger holes, floor hole sealing effect is good. It not only has the necessary fire resistance, but also has high mechanical strength. In closing, pipes or wires, cables, a layer of the epidermis need plugging sealing material with organic, so that through the matter of maintenance and replacement. The blocking materials in the construction of the first according to the desired size of plugging holes, estimate the amount of blocking, and blocking release of containers by 1: (0.6 ~ 0.7) joined the clear water mixing ratio into a paste for immediate use, such as the amount is large, typically fractional completed. Each time stirs the volume at around 5 kg. On a larger hole sealing, the available amount of reinforced to increase their strength, sealing thickness as needed, generally not less than 15 cm.
(3) fire package. The flame shapes such as pillows, also called fire pillow. Is non-combustible or fire-retardant fabrics turn into all kinds of constraint, the package of construction, can be entirely built into various forms of wall, on the most suitable for sealing of openings, it at a high temperature expansion and solidification, forming a heat seal layer of smoke, fire resistance of up to 3 h above, played the role of thermal insulation systems. Flame packs are mainly used in cable tunnels and shafts of the fire wall and isolation layer, as well as cross-cutting large holes in the block, making or removal are very convenient. Construction of the pipeline or cable epidermal Department needs and organic fire blocking. Its specifications are the following, as shown in table 2.

When using the flame package sealing cable through the hole, the hole in the cable to make necessary arrangement and alignment, and then set fire to embed packet ping service cables and cables, cables, and the blocking or the gap between the floor, like in a brick, with staggered manner and requests to fill compacted. In cable shaft hole Department use, first place at the bottom of the shaft hole and the hole size in the same piece of fire divisions, fill out the fire after the package is in the top place on the surface of the flame packs a fireproof plate or flat ground floor shops filled with a layer of 3 cm to 5 cm thickness of organic fire blocking, both to prevent fire or damage to the package and can increase the appearance.
(4) of the fire ring. The shell consists of a steel sheet stamping, Interior fire-retardant materials for expansion. Use, the flame bait in the corresponding specifications of plastic pipe and screw in the wall or floor, mainly applicable to all types of plastic pipe in its passing through walls, floors, fire blocking. Fire, fire-retardant material expansion a certain strength of carbonized layer to seal pipe burn through the formation of voids after. Its physical and chemical properties are shown in table 3.

Fireproof sealing material there are fire Board, fire-resistant sealant, flame, fire protection foam, fire, fire sealing strip, this article will not repeat them.
4 General requirements for fire blocking
(1) design of the building fire sealing materials must following national fire product quality supervision and testing center of certification qualified. Manufacturers of fire-blocking to block the use of materials, construction quality technical advice and training.
(2) building floors, fire wall on a cross-cutting hole and slot sealing materials should be used for fire protection, and should reach the sealing of the original members of the fire resistance time and prevent the smoke and flame through.
(3) fire gap plugging materials should be based on the location, size, and cross-cutting in specific circumstances, such as selection of organic or inorganic plugging materials. If necessary, also with other sealing material.
(4) fire blocking, sealing materials should be able to work together with the Widget, and reached the appropriate separator widget fire resistance requirements.
(5) architectural design have chosen fire sealing materials should be used with the construction of the temperature and humidity conditions.
(6) for combustible, flammable liquid, tank or tank farm, pipeline through the fire wall and diaphragm wall should be made of non-combustible material tightly closed.
(7) fire shutter and floors, beams and walls, the gap between the columns should be used in fire-resistive material fill compacted.
(8) construction of the wall between the seamless joints, wall, floor and wall, floor and the gap between the floor and the use of fire protection material sealing dense.
(9) the buildings of the structure of gap sealing design should consider building deformation and vibration, heat stress, load, and other effects, selection of materials, and should maintain the stability of the structure itself.
5 fire sealing of construction requirements and acceptance
5.1 General provisions
Building fire sealing construction should be the design documents and technical description of the product concerned. Building fire sealing construction personnel should be professional and technical training, certificates. Before plugging materials of construction shall be individually examined specifications, model number, quantity and delivery inspection report and qualified, and made detailed records. The construction process on subtle works should be closed prior to construction, supervision, inspection, and do a subtle construction records.
5. cross-cutting parts of fire-blocking 2
(1) non-combustible materials through-hole fire sealing used corresponds to the walk through the fire resistance of separated body and other inorganic materials will Fui Sha run through the holes filled around. Larger holes should be reinforced, so that it fills the part and separated body has the same strength. The gap with soft noncombustible materials or mortar fill closely. Horizontal gap separating the body through parts of larger and use of non-combustible material solidification, the application is the same as with the separation of the fire resistance of fire panels at the bottom of contrast, fire Board should meet the same fixed fire resistance and strength requirements. Surfaces must be smooth, filler should firmly, and the temperature does not fall off.
(2) cable through the hole fire blocking should be strictly in accordance with the relevant requirements, use Fui Sha or concrete fill remainder of perforation, soft porous applications subject to thermal expansion of fire blocking tight sealing. Through-hole larger should be reinforced atRegulating or adopt and separated in the same fire resistance rating of fire panels at the bottom of contrast, it may not be lower than the separate structural strength. Cable Tray protection, should remove the cable cover, will fire blocking fill to the cable, and shall not have any gaps. Soft fire blocking both sides should be used is greater than the area of fire panels flip, fire Board and separated between the application of high-strength screw fastening. With flame package sealing, construction before finishing cable, check that there is no damage fire package, construction, should be wrapped around the cables with a layer of organic material, fireproof blocking will flame package ping service to embed cable voids, the cross-fire, ensure that the package making firm and smooth.
(3) on the plastic pipeline runs through the hole to fire blocking, separate body-collar, plastic pipe laying, will run through parts of pore mortars or fire clay tight sealing. Collar of the non-embedded, it should be run through parts of pore mortars or fire clay tight sealing, and vulnerable to fire threat parts installed collar. Collar should be securely installed and the temperature does not fall off.
5. the 3 fire blocking structural joints
Structural joints applied fire protection materials tight plastic packing, and firmly fixed. Bottom of contrast are separated, it made the fire performances and the fixation should satisfy and separated in the same fire resistance rating. Horizontal separator in vitro dew part should be sufficient for truck loads of noncombustible materials cover.
5.4 fire inspection
(1) the construction units to construction unit submitted the report fire blocking completion, concealed work record, fireproofing material factory inspection report and quality reports, construction site quality inspection results and other information. Building fire blocking acceptance should be determined by the construction unit organizational design, construction, project management agency technical staff, and the conclusions in the acceptance signed under seal.
(2) on-site examination, fireproof sealing should meet the following requirements: fireproof sealing, no obvious gaps, crack and fall off phenomena; Fire barrier installation firm, no gap, gap, formed good-looking appearance; Organic fire blocking blocking should be firmly sealed, no air leakage, leaked, cracking, peeling, surface should be flat and smooth, not powder, hardening and cracking defects; Inorganic fire blocking materials in the absence of support, the appearance of the surface should be flat and smooth, no shrinkage cracks, no mixed uneven phenomenon. Cable between and around cracks should be tightly sealing; Fire-resistant sealant smooth surface without shrinkage, no cracks, and ensure that gaps do not come off the surface; Flame package stuffing should be dense and firm, on the side to opaque for qualified, neat appearance to; Self-adhesive fire taping requirement as stack half uniform winding, should not have release the phenomenon; Collar should require installation.
(3) public security and fire fighting supervisory body acceptance, and engineering conduct overall acceptance of synchronization, and press the number of sub-items 5% of spot checks. All items less than or equal to 5, should all check acceptance, in accordance with the relevant requirements of qualified or unqualified.