【 Weak current College 】 indoor decoration construction fire cause analysis and fire protection measures

With the rapid development of market economy, the people's material culture rising standard of living, working, recreation, leisure and residential environmental conditions have improved. Therefore, home decoration has become a growing concern for everyone. With the rapid development of decoration, indoor decoration works in a large number of fires caused a large number of fires. This article for the interior decoration of fire and produce fire cause and corresponding fire protection measures.

I. interior decoration fire cause analysis:

The construction interior trim design fire protection standard "expressly provided" this specification provides the construction interior trim design, in civil architecture including ceiling, wall surface, ground, cut off the decoration, as well as fixed furniture, curtains, wall, window covers, furniture packing sheet, fixed accessories, etc. "When a large number of interior decoration with combustible, flammable decoration material, which is decorated in the biggest problem, many hotels, shopping mall, dance halls and other public entertainment, the pursuit of luxury, style, combustible, flammable wallpaper, redbud will, wood for wall decoration; with flammable carpets for floor decoration; with flammable fabrics for curtains and curtains, libraries cover, seat cover, plywood, fibreboard for Panel decoration; sofas, bedding in large quantities with polyurethane foam, etc. These have led to considerable fire hazards.

(A) interior decoration increased indoor fire load, fuelling the spread of fire. Indoor decoration materials are combustible, when the building is decorated in building indoor increased fuel, room on fire when burning time of growth, the combustion temperature rise, the Interior of the building elements to burn down, fire losses increase. For multi-tiered, high-rise building, once a fire is combustible internal decoration of the important factors in the spread of fire, the fire can along the ceiling and walls and floors spread from flammable decoration to a corridor, a room from the corridor to spread to various shaft, such as the open stairs, elevator shaft, pipe wells, and spread upwards, causing a fire.

(2) flammable decoration increased construction in fire risk, accelerate the fire reached the bomb. The decoration of combustible construction, such as combustible ceiling, wainscots, wallpaper, etc., once lit by the fire, it will be heated in the renovated around flammable materials, and to factor out the large amounts of combustible gases, while improving indoor temperature, indoor temperature reaches 600 ¡æ, the building's unique phenomenon – the flashover. A large number of fire tests indicated that the fire reaches flashover and indoor combustible decoration in direct proportion to the increase. A Flash-in short, it means that the personnel allow evacuation time is short, short, effective at the beginning of the fire extinguishing fire likely small.

(3) interior decoration room fire, smoke, toxic gases, causing serious injuries. According to the fire casualties due to statistical analysis, due to carbon monoxide poisoning suffocation or other toxic smoke smoked deceased General fires total number of deaths of 40 per cent to 50 per cent, while being burnt to death of people, mostly to asphyxia collapsed after being burnt to death. In the early stages of the fire, because of the reduced flow into the indoor air, so that incomplete combustion, plus indoor decoration materials mostly polymer, the resulting smoke, toxic gases. Indoor fire smoke reduces the visibility of the room on fire, evacuation, toxic effect of the intoxication, resulting in casualties.

Second, indoor decoration works in fire the main problems:

(A) the legal concept of indoor decoration units and weak fire awareness

There are only attach importance to the decoration of the benefit unit, one-sided emphasis enterprise autonomy, ignoring the national macro-economic management and the Fire Services Act, the supervision and administration of the fire, and rebuilding project design scheme does not declare construction on input. There are also units operate leading holding "heavy, light security" and "early decoration, early opening, early benefit" point of view, on fire with luck, prefer luxurious this mess of bleeding, or to take out a little money to do the fire protection. More seriously in some places more administrative interference to authorized law, personal views supersede the fire Statute, even support subordinate and related units violation decoration, buried under a serious fire risk.

(2) interior decoration construction unit qualification level is low, the quality is poor

Currently, the public, private and Corporation, a subsidiary of decoration engineering company, also there have been some cross-provincial association, Hong Kong and Taiwan regions decoration companies and construction team, these decoration engineering company, many do not have the Fire Department for "decoration engineering construction permit", such as Chongqing City only 30 units hosting the certificate, there are more than 300 registered companies without going through the license, but also design and construction. But the actual project is not only the more than 300, many black construction team take to the project through relationships, looking for a few friends to help finish the work took the money, you risk not to risk. Even the formal registration of the construction team, mainly farmers, laid-off workers, the majority adopted the induction training, did not understand fire knowledge, undocumented for posts such as 95 years of Shanghai Kotobuki international limited fire as duct installation of six workers do not have a formal welders, nor did the labour departments of the issuance of licences. In addition, the lack of fire control plans for the construction team, fires cannot effectively extinguish fire in the early days.

(3) changes the interior decoration design and construction units, multiple layers of Contracting

Decorated units not to fire organ instance arbitrarily decoration. Even if applying through design, to reduce the cost of altering the use of a building, the fire-retardant material functions as combustible, shoddy work, such as with an ordinary polyester fiber products instead of fire-retardant fabrics, wood joist instead of light steel keel; the brush fire protection paint brush, the brush and not three times the brush again, and so on, greatly reduce the renovation works of fire resistance, resistance to fire. In addition, in order to catch the duration, the duration is usually set to the number of construction contracting Division team, such as the "East building" panzhihua hotel construction up at the same venue construction team up to 13 companies, resulting in fire safety work at every level, responsibility is ambiguous, are potential fire accidents.

(4) indoorRenovation construction team chaos. Mainly in the following three areas: 1, indoor decoration construction team and an uneven. Some decoration engineering company itself does not have the construction qualification, or construction personnel without fire training, lack of the necessary fire safety knowledge, not understand fire technical specification; some of the construction team even is a farmer or laid-off workers, improvise, decoration works went after a nobody. This definitely makes the interior decoration imperceptibly buried fire 2, decoration design unit, multiple layers of unauthorized alteration of contract. Decorated units to reduce costs without a change of use, do not press the map construction, doing electrical lines, pipes for fire insulation material concealment, convenience, without changing the design, or even shoddy work, with ordinary polyester fiber products instead of fire-retardant fabrics, wood joist instead of light steel keel, and so on, greatly reduce the renovation works of fire resistance, resistance to fire. Which of these links does not meet fire safety requirements, buried under fire hazard. In addition, in order to catch the duration, the duration is usually set to the number of construction contracting Division team, has a large interior decoration works, while approaching the construction unit, fire safety work at every level, responsibility is ambiguous. 3. construction site operations in violation, fatigue for posts. Construction site using open fires are not do license, no staff care, welding slag flying fire easily cause a fire. Especially multiple construction team cross job, brushed electric welding following above, fire hazard, there are workers "superbskill" save to chance, risky job. In addition, in order to catch the duration, the pursuit of efficiency, often working overtime, working overtime, fatigue of workers through widespread, in this case very prone to accidents resulted in casualties.

(5) Fire Department oversight ineffective

Objectively speaking, decoration project, the construction team black sheep, and a wide range of construction, fire departments are caught off guard. However, there are individual supervision unit efficiency low, audit, supervision, quality is not high, on the specification of the materials are not familiar with the finished map regardless of the medium-term management, fire hazards in the construction of the wanton worked.

(Vi) the development of flame retardant material behind the renovation craze

Decoration in blind pursuit of luxury, upscale, contrary to the specification, design changes, use large quantities of flammable and combustible material, and fixed furniture and upholstery fabrics for ignition of flammable materials, after large amounts of toxic smoke, is the chief culprit in causing the death.

The more common on the market of decorative materials for gypsum board, mineral wool Board, plywood, etc., for people to choose less of decorative materials. Flame retardant material is expensive, and less mature species, rarely sell on the market. For new material which it could not be determined, according to the standardized level should send check provincial professional bodies, and authorized testing sector less distance, test time is long and so adverse factors, the Fire Department recognized, even if the Distributor has no legal formalities.
3 interior decoration fire hazard exists mainly

(A) the construction unit prevailing laws and regulations of the knowledge, fire safety awareness thin, not understanding the decoration of the relevant procedures, or to save time, after the completion of the design, construction units directly into construction. Have the capital costs for conservation reasons, has not been rigorously tender, some do not have the decoration qualification of decoration with small construction team.

(2) the construction units to figure easy, decoration materials selection not checks, use the poor quality of fake and shoddy products, cause unqualified materials combustion performance and on the fire resistance is not up to standards; Moreover, the construction unit selfish to save costs, gain greater economic benefit in the decoration material, material on the selection of random mixed, even shoddy, in the event of fire, these materials will give off a large number of irritating toxic smoke endangering life safety.

(3) fire management are not in place, the main problems: first, the decoration, the construction team black sheep, and that the police had very scarce Fire Administration is caught off guard, causing some renovation works, especially large-scale decoration engineering or non-public security Fire Department audit unauthorized construction, either side of the design, construction, side, the side will be buried next to the rectification of congenital fire hazard; second, the individual fire departments do not attach importance to the decoration of the building, on the specification in the repair material requirements are not familiar with the business, ineffective. At the same time, the interior decoration and a large part of the fire hazard is caused in the electrical installation, and most fire agencies also lack the necessary testing instruments, equipment, inspection, acceptance, it is difficult to check out this fire hazard; third, the Fire Department on residential construction supervision and management of interior decoration and the lack of legal basis. Currently, the Ministry of construction of the residential decoration as its administrative approval, and fire departments, but no fire on residential decoration.

4. decoration of fire prevention measures:

(A) strengthen the fire protection, improve the decoration company, the individual's self awareness of fire safety. Interior decoration fire hazards, due mainly to the decoration of the owners and the decoration personnel understand the importance of indoor decoration fire prevention, fire safety awareness, the renovation process does not have strict implementation of the fire technical specifications. Therefore, to take many forms, and increase the fire Statute, fire-fighting and fire escape fire awareness of knowledge. To pay particular attention to the use and the interior decoration, decoration fire case staff and general public awareness about fire safety, interior decoration made decoration and renovation landlord have to consciously abide by the fire Statute and conscientiously implement the construction interior trim design fire protection standard law, interior decoration and the importance of fire safety, safety first, beautiful second, consciously purchase, use of fire-retardant material and safety performance, a high wire, electrical appliances, electrical switches, fire hazards and proactively.

(B) strict fire on decoration industry management. On the decoration of fire management also like other works the same strict approval, from the submission, review, construction inspection, acceptance, and other aspects of the establishment of formal approval system. At the same time, the Fire Department should strengthen Ministry with various functionsDoor co-ordination Unit supervising decoration will submit the relevant technical information for the public security Fire Department fire safety audit. Project completion shall have the Fire Department to participate in acceptance, or other departments is not approved and acceptance to change the Fire Department to sing "one-man show" passive situation. In accordance with the legal provisions of the fire, and strengthen the execution of the relevant departments and make concerted efforts to establish a strict examination and approval system, implement the responsibility system for design, construction, specifications, change management, renovation market, there are rules of passive situation, protect the construction interior trim the healthy development of the market in order to ensure the people have a safe environment.

(3) consolidation of decoration market, strengthen the audit of the construction unit

For repair construction unit should take the initiative to the local public security fire fighting supervisory body register, accept for review. Fire departments should be combined with all levels of construction Committee conducted a survey of the construction unit of seminar, in strict accordance with the requirements of eligibility for the review of its design and construction standards, qualified by issuing the "fire protection engineering construction permit", not qualified to be banned.

(Iv) strengthen the fire prevention flameproof decoration materials management and promotion. First, you should increase the indoor decoration fire codes of propaganda, increase the decoration of the owners, designers, builders on the materials of the fire performances and fireproof grade, so that they do so strictly according to norms in material selection, you can try to choose nonflammable noncombustible decoration materials. Second, the public security fire agencies to integrate various types of fire prevention flameproof decoration materials into fire management scope, actively promoted by the national or provincial level appraisal approval of refractory products. On the type of decoration materials for combustibility rank detection. Third, the combination of fire products special regulation, in conjunction with the business, technical and quality supervision departments strengthen decoration materials market management, fire-retardant materials prevent counterfeit or fake fire prevention materials for interior decoration. Fourth, strengthen new fire prevention flameproof decoration materials development, research the price low, the fire performances and decorative effect better, society members are happy to use decoration.