Friday, May 20, 2011
【 Weak current College 】 how to raise a significant fire hazard of rectification rate---Power By 【 China power house network 】
Major fire hazards, is a threat to people's lives and property of the "time bomb" is raised serious fire accidents and injuries group dead malignant fire accident. A major fire hazard modification, fire agencies at all levels to overcome "apocalyptic", is also concerned at all levels of Government and the general public is an important concern. How to establish and perfect the major fire hazards and supervising mechanism, improving efficiency, hidden rectification constant fire workers. The author is now a major fire hazard with the rectification of practical experience, talk about something simple.
A major fire hazard, rectification must face the reality of
Major fire hazards has two basic characteristics: one is high fire hazard, manifested in the event of fire would result in a large number of casualties and significant property damage or poor political influence; the second is performance improvement is difficult, as the need to invest in large, complex relationship involving property or building design for congenital deficiency. This is a major fire hazard modification process must face of objective reality, mainly for the following:
(A) insufficient funds: the hidden rectification of objective factors. With the publicity of the ongoing in-depth education, supervision and enforcement of constantly enhanced and fire the legal construction of continuous sound, has been an increasing number of major fire hazards unit capable of recognizing the fire danger and fire on the production of serious danger to the lives, subjectively does not want to reform, but it does under existing economic conditions and was unable to put things right. Especially those in the planned economy to a market economy system transition phase of hidden units, a lot of hidden units past economic results are very good, but now it faces closed down and go or economic landslide, there has been a noticeable increase of laid-off workers, and the growing burden increase, production scale is increasingly small, cash flow difficulties, some even subsistence workers cannot be assured. In this case, though the rectification fire hazard, but really unbearable, thus causing considerable fire hazards are not promptly rectified.
(Ii) security awareness among potential long drag is not changed. Despite the publicity in the socialization of fire, all levels of public security fire agencies continue to increase educational outreach, and strive to make the broad masses of fire safety awareness enhanced, however, still a significant number of the public could not fire accidents from the previous lesson, not the hearts on fire safety in mind. In particular, the leader in a number of units, fire safety awareness is very weak, fire work does not give enough importance to understand the measures are not in place, not force, luck, paralysis, not fire security and economic development in the same location, as well as tackling economic construction safety work. The idea behind it, it will ignore the internal own fire management, indifferent to the fire hazard, or sit back and ignore the rectification request even resisted. Many units have a rectification of terms, but don't want to put money into the hidden rectification, thought it was a waste to spend large sums of money but I don't see what benefit, put economic interests above all, reset fire safety. Some units are simply a lack of funds as an excuse to put off the hook, muddling along. These problems exist, directly resulting in a number of major fire hazard long drag.
(3) structural deficiencies hamper the progress of the rectification and hidden. Due to the existing major fire hazards are mostly building works in the construction process, altering design or lower fire standards or according to specifications for design or completion of altering the original design with nature, there is an existing building structure and interior facilities do not meet the existing regulatory requirements or heavy use of flammable and combustible material in violation of the decoration, etc. all these makes building itself the existence of deficiencies, hidden rectification with great difficulty, some not.
(4) the Government decision to increase the difficulty of rectification on major fire hazards. There are a number of local government and industry leaders in charge don't pay attention to the fire safety work, not to fire into the national economic and social development plans, no fire safety work as Government, industry, an important part. On the project for approval, the lack of scientific evidence and research, to approve the construction of a number of so-called "image project," "model works" and "contribution to the project," "priority projects", which works with the "specificity", the vast majority of administration are not fire audit or fire acceptance will invest construction or use, have left a significant fire hazard. Moreover, local government and relevant departments in order to protect the smooth implementation of these projects, also introduced with local protectionist provisions related to "creating a good economic environment" as an excuse to restrict or prohibit the public security institutions to fire units implementing fire supervision and inspection. Also some local governments in order to attract foreign investment, often give investors a lot of promise, which contains the simplification of administrative procedures, project acceptance without fire protection audits and soon put into production, the Fire Department once investigated, local government leaders and law enforcement intervention into passive situation.
(5) the provisions modification causes the architecture specification design defects. Some buildings in the design phase of new specifications have not been promulgated, but acceptance but in accordance with the revised terms; then the new Code provisions has been promulgated, the designers still follow the old specification design, causes the obviously not existing fire technical specifications standards. As the senior civil building design fire protection standard "GB50045-95 (2005 Edition) provisions of the second category of senior public office building room and must be set for automatic sprinkler system, before the promulgation of the amended provisions did not make such a request. Therefore, in the new and old terms alternating execution, if conditions permit, shall promptly modify the design, construction of the new specification requirements, so as not to leave hidden after difficult to reform.
2. improve the efficiency of major fire hazards and ways to
Found a significant fire hazard is not difficult, the key is to establish a significant fire hazard rectification mechanism, improving the efficiency of rectification。 The author believes should be from the following aspects:
(A) improve the quality of fire monitors. As the saying goes "¹¤óûéææäêâ, its". If fire inspectors ' quality is not high, don't know the key to hidden rectification, said today that the existence of this problem, there is the tomorrow and he said, the fire protection supervisor referred this issue to the fire inspector again the problem hidden units and therefore a loss, and improve the efficiency of major fire hazard modification is to talk. The quality of the included political and professional quality in two areas in which the quality is the fundamental political, professional quality is guaranteed. If law enforcement personnel, political stance is not firm and not ideological motives pure, strong business quality can only be used by the self-serving; if fire inspectors and the quality is not up to the mark, the references are not allowed to fire hazard, political consciousness and high on fire hazard modification is not of much help. Therefore, all levels of public security fire agencies from fire monitors political and professional quality, strengthening law enforcement for the people and education, and increase the intensity of the fire service training, active troops and technology competition, effective fire fire inspectors bases post independent study fire the enthusiasm of specifications.
(2) the Government leadership to fire. One is to improve the leadership at all levels of the importance of improvement of fire hazard, to the party and the people responsible, fully understanding the rectification fire hazard for maintenance reform, development and stability of the importance of periodic analysis of the region, the industry, the units involved in the fire safety of focused and difficult problems. Second, it is necessary to implement a major fire hazard rectification work consists of the Chief Executives or legal representative is responsible for the liability regime, the implementation of the "who's in charge, who is responsible for" principle, to follow the enterprise unit internal "safety self-inspection, hidden from the subject, accountable" guiding ideology. Agencies, organizations, enterprises and institutions within the major fire hazard exists, by its Chief Executive Officer or the legal representative is responsible for the rectification. Which endanger the very large, large, involving investment range, the units are unable to be rectified, you should report the local people's Government to take effective measures to put things right. A stoppage of business, economic and social life of influential major fire hazards, report it to local people's Government of the people according to the decision, to make a definite answer as soon as possible.
(3) to develop scientific and reasonable risk and improvement programs. Rectifying the fire hazard is a more complex system, it is necessary to consider the safety and also to pay attention to the production, but also the capacity of the enterprise. Therefore, for a major fire hazard, must establish a scientific and rational and improvement programs to achieve security and production, economy and efficiency, and effectiveness. Firefighting organizations in the major fire hazards must be identified by three or more professional and technical personnel to the scene field view, consensus through collective discussion issued after the great fire danger deadline notice of rectification.
(4) strict construction architectural design review, and acceptance. In fact, some of the major fire hazards are present in the building layout, fire resistance ratings, fire-fighting facilities, production processes, technical processes and other fire prevention measures, facilities are not perfect, not matching. By these major fire hazard for an important reason, is fire agency personnel in architectural design fire auditing checks, which undermine the% of patients. Therefore, in a building audit, both to the social development of the actual situation, modify the relevant provisions of the specification and requirements, to ease, operability and stronger than ever, and also from the inside, the gradual approval system and examining separation system, ensure that the audit did not become a mere formality, acceptance does not remain hidden. Fire inspection officer examining work should be proactive and to improve the overall situation awareness and service quality, the key construction projects, the spirit of "honest, efficient" principle, and actively participating in project design, verification, construction inspection and acceptance of the whole process.
(5) effectively increase fire administrative enforcement. To increase the project without unauthorized construction and fire protection audits completed without fire acceptance without penalties put into use. To strengthen the construction process checking frequency, found by national fire technical specifications construction of timely notification in the form of legal instrument building and construction units and urge its rectification. On conditional rectification and not take effective measures for major fire hazards unit to give harsh punishment. For those who are really difficult to a significant fire hazard units can take effective preventive measures, allow them to plan, step by step, gradually according to the request for rectification, not "one size fits all", not "one shot", otherwise the stick, the danger can only be formed for a long time not drag instead, persistent passive situation. Governments at all levels and functions to check for exercising supervision Department, System modification fire hazard. Firefighting agencies to create publicity and public reporting of major fire hazards and rewards community, within the existing legal preconditions set penalties, to focus on the Elimination of fire hazards, not just fine. In the current to the attention of the courts to enforce corrective fire hazard difficult situation of, according to the law with full penalty, detention and halt and other fine tools, in particular rely on business, electricity, water, and other departments jointly supervise unit rectification fire hazard.
(6) the establishment of a "Government listing, media exposure, upgrade, downgrade," long-term mechanism. Major fire danger over the regulation of the practice proves that this mechanism is effective, some major fire hazards of rectification must rely on the Government, the media's supervision and oversight. Taking stock, exposure, upgrading, and downgrading initiatives, to touch the hidden units is large, you can effectively increase the efficiency, shorten the hidden rectification hidden rectification period. We want to combine the characteristics of fire danger exists, according to the existing fire laws and regulations, will this mechanism constantly deepen and expand and improve.
Rectification of major fire hazard is a long and arduous work, the want hidden units at all levels of Government, and the joint efforts of the fire department. As long as our historical and scientific analysis of a major fire hazard exists because and features, to make corrective actions, and continuously explore new ways toLarge fire hazard modification of efficiency will be greatly increased, Vice-President, serious malignant fire accidents will be effectively controlled.
【 Weak current College 】 analog air tube line heat fire detection technology---Power By 【 China power house network 】
Summary: discusses analog air tube line heat fire detection technology's basic principles and key technical detection, and the composition of the detector and its application to do a simple introduction. Tags: analog; Air tube; Linear heat fire detection 1 preface in recent years, China's largest space buildings and underground building fires occur, because of the underground and the particularities of the large space building, common fire detection and alarm system cannot fast acquisition of fire gas temperature change information that cannot adapt to the harsh environment, it is difficult to meet the early detection and prediction of such fire requirements. Linear heat fire detection and alarm system with its unique heat detection methods and outstanding environmental performance, such as highway tunnels, subway station road, mining tunnel, underground large parking lots underground buildings and large public areas, markets, goods warehouse, storage tanks, etc. larger space building ideal means of fire detection and alarm, but also in recent years, fire detection and alarm technology hot spot. 2 the so-called ideal gas detection principle refers to the density is not too big, the pressure is too high (compared with atmospheric pressure) and the temperature is not too low (compared with room temperature) General gas, comply with the law of Boyle 's, cover · Lussac's law and Charlie's law. Certain quality m ideal gas equation: PV = mRT/M (1) type: P-gas absolute pressure, N/m2; V — gas volume, m3; M-gas mass, kg; M-molar gas mass, kg; R — the universal gas constant, Nm/(kg · K); T-thermodynamic temperature, K. When the gas volume to a certain value, the ideal gas equation available: P/T = constant. So certain quality of ideal gas in bulk to a certain value, which is proportional to the pressure and temperature. The air pipe line type heat detector probe tube (laying in the scene) sealed a quality of gas, the gas volume can approximate view does not change as temperature changes. When the probe tube or its surroundings temperature changes, detecting pipeline gas pressure change, after pressure sensors detect gas pressure variations can deduce detection lines surrounding temperature changes. According to the principle of gas continuous flow, in effective detection pipeline length (meets engineering applications and pressure sensors for pressure monitoring), guarantees that the probe tube first client and end pressure detection effectiveness. 3 detectors and key technology 3. 1 detector works by detecting line detector and micro-processing unit composed of two parts, which constitute as shown in Figure 1.
Detector works: sealed sensor gas path environment temperature changes cause sensing gas path air pressure changes, by a pressure sensor to detect changes in the level after the output signal, after filtering out the noise filter circuit, AD conversion circuit to analog information to digital, fed into the microcontroller (or microprocessor) for data operations, analysis and judgement, microcontroller (or microprocessor) after a certain algorithm processing, output temperature sensor status information to the output control circuit, fire alarm. Change the sensitivity setting to adjust the sensitivity level of the fire. Microcontroller (or microprocessor) timer (time interval can be selected) on fault detection circuit, control detection air pump, gas for sensing exert pressure, through the detection sensor gas path air pressure changes to determine whether the sensor has a gas leak, squeeze the phenomenon, realization detectors failure automatically display and automatic alarm.
3. the 2 main key technologies (1) micro-pressure sensing technology. Use of micro-pressure sensing technology to ensure the timely and accurate probe found that the fire, the implementation of early warning. (2) environmental temperature compensation technology. Detectors use ambient temperature compensation technology that can guarantee stable work in the detector detector effective working temperature range, avoid detector because of the ambient temperature changes appear false alarms, and ensures that the detector will always work in the sensor linear zone, there are enough dynamic range for fire detection. (3) gas automatic fault detection technology. Automatic detection probe tube blockage, leakage, realization detector fault auto show, auto alarm. 4 detector characteristics and main technical indicators (1) detector features sensitive element to gas medium delivery overheating or fire signal, does not require voltage (similar to fiber thermal detectors signal transmission through light), is the highest grade of intrinsically safe sensors, not receive electromagnetic interference signal, its reliability and stability are unparalleled in conventional detector; (2) linear differential fixed temperature detection, to fast and slow the overheating and fires can timely alerts; (3) automatic detection probe tube blockage, leakage, easy maintenance; (4) detector working voltage 18V ~ 36V; (5) probe static monitoring current less than 30mA; (6) fire current less than 40mA, fault current less than 20mA; (7) micro-treatment plant to provide the internal switch fire, fault output information, 0 ~ 20mA current and standard RS485 output, sounding tube allows the working temperature range is-40 ° c to + 150 ° c, micro-processing unit allows the working temperature range from-20 ° c ~ + 60 ℃; (8) the detection of pipe operating relative humidity up to 100%, the largest micro-processing plant in long-term operating relative humidity of 90% to 92%, short-term up to 100%; (9) sounding pipe length 20m ~ 100m; (10) micro-processing equipment, environment protection class IP65. 5 application notes 5. 1 main application range analog air tube line type heat detector is mainly used in road, rail and subway tunnel, multi-tiered underground and half open garage, ship transport deck, platform, airport lounge, garage for motor vehicles and machines, flammable gases, liquids, warehouses, drilling platforms,Painting workshop, oil tank, explosion-proof areas, chemical plants. 5. protection zone detection tube 2 settings (1) the application of road tunnels. For 1, 2 or 3 lane arch or circular tunnel, sounding pipes are always arranged in the middle of the tunnel (horizontal tolerances 0.5m), do not allow detecting tube side installation (normally), probe length 100m. For 1, 2 or 3 lane-topped tunnel, detection tubes suitable for placement in the middle of the tunnel (horizontal tolerances 0.5m), probe tube side installation allows distance: 2 lane, a minimum 0.5m; 3 lane, a minimum 1.0m, shown in Figure 2, the probe tube Max 100m. For more than three lanes-topped tunnel, at least install 2 probe tube, probe tube Max installation distance a = 10.0 m, b = 5.0m, shown in Figure 3, the probe tube Max 100m. (2) of the garage and similar areas. Probe tube Max 80m, allow spiral pipe laying, detection and detection tube a maximum allowable distance = 7.2m, sounding tube and the side walls of the maximum permissible distance b = 3.6m, shown in Figure 4. 5. the 3 probe tube installation requirements (1) probe tube laid should be based on both sides of the line of sight is not affected as the principle; (2) detection of pipe laying cannot only rely on copper tube below or above, consideration should be given to the minimum maintenance 0.5m distance; (3) tunnel sounding tube General laying in the tunnel as the principle; (4) detection tubes plastic holder (in high-temperature environment using metal fixation) laying directly on the ceiling, the tunnel if the cable carriers should not exceed 0.5m wide, can also be laying in the Bay below; (5) in the tunnel entrance, sounding tube terminal must remain with the tunnel portal; 25m distance (6) fixed support spacing as 0.8m; (7) each micro-processing unit allows only 1 root probe tube received, detecting tube can be a hard plastic tube or directly to the micro-processing unit. It connects two ways: first, from the tunnel to the side wall of the lateral part adopts copper tube probe tube, through the connector to connect the copper probe tube of plastic pipes, plastic wear protective casing will be laying next to micro-processing apparatus; Second, by detecting tube tunnel into the side wall of the lateral part adopts connector to a hard plastic wear protective casing downlead or smallpox
【 Weak current College 】 halon fire extinguishing system container valve performance-Power By 【 China power house network 】
People's Republic of China national standard UDC 614.843.3 halon fire extinguishing system container valve performance requirements and test method GB 795 Halon fire extinguishing? 9 systems of performance requirements and test method for container valves 1 subject matter and scope of application of this standard stipulates a halon fire extinguishing systems components container valve performance requirements and test methods. This standard applies to halon 1301 and Halon 1211 fire-extinguishing system.
- Terminology 2.1 maximum working pressure of the container filling fire extinguishing agent, pressurized, and placed in three temperature higher of, balanced pressure in the container. 50 ℃; the maximum use temperature; factory recommended (or require) the highest working temperature.
- Filling ratio at 20 ℃, the container of the liquid halon fire extinguishing agent of volume and the volume of the container. Fire extinguishing agent
- valve can be divided into: electric type; pneumatic type; mechanical type; the type of electric detonation.
- valve can be divided into: independent type; the type of valve group; master, from the dynamic type.
There are other classifications.3.2 operating temperature limits of the container valve should fit the following operating temperature limits, from-20 ° c to 50 ° c. When the design according to the actual needs of its operating temperature exceeds this limit, it should be suitable for working temperature ranges are marked. 3.3 material valve body and its internal components available metal manufacturing, can also be used in accordance with the standards of other materials. When using other non-metallic materials, also need to develop specialized requirements and test methods. Elastic gasket should be long-term and liquid or gaseous halon fire extinguishing agent contact and not damaged or deformed.
- Performance requirements
- Corrosion requirements
- 4.11 manual operation requires manual action should not be greater than the 150N; la operating force should not be greater than 50N; means pushing operating force should not be greater than 10N; all manual displacement should be greater than 300mm.
- Test method
- Appearance inspection
- Temperature cycle leak test
- Work reliability test
- Test sequence: the test pressure Pd received container valve's portal, time under 5s; start a container valve; pressure drops to 0.5MPa following; close the valve, then to the valve pressurization.
Above cycle test should be repeated 100 times, and the maximum and minimum working temperature respectively make 10 times. Container valve design typicalto damage a Some parts, after each iteration, the timely replacement in order to continue to experiment. Test result shall conform to the requirements of articles 4.7.
- Container valve equivalent length of
Test sequence:
- As shown in Figure 1 test equipment installed; in the flow meter office building the required flow, calculation of Reynolds number and make sure it is at least 1 × 105, if less than this value, you must raise the velocity; regulating the flow so that readings stability; see Figure 1, in the test container valve on the side of a certain length on differential pressure meter or pressure sensors to record pressure drop; record velocity; Wei-him James and Hessian's empirical formula:
Calculation container valve equivalent length L: type in: L-optimized container valve of equivalent length, m; Lx-optimized container valve and the equivalent length of pipeline pilot, m; s-optimized pipeline water velocity, m/s; d the actual driver of pipe inside diameter, m; VF-optimized water specific volume, m3/kg = 0.001; μ-optimized water of dynamic viscosity, kg/m · s; P-optimized test device for pressure drop, Pa; c-optimized roughness coefficient, the galvanized pipe 120; Q-optimized water flow rate, L/min; a driver are shown in Figure 1, m; b driver are shown in Figure 1, m.In Figure 1
- corrosion test
- stress corrosion test will be on the surface of the container valve the greasy dirt, filth clean, after 10.8mol/L for nitrate solution soaking 15 ~ 30s; with water (room temperature) washing; washing of the specimen after will be immersed into 0.018mol/L for nitrate mercury [Hg2 (NO3 · 2H2O) solution, the solution per 100 ml of joining 1mL 10.8mol/l nitric acid, specimen in the solution soaking 30min; with room temperature water specimen carefully wipe clean and check the samples are not lacking in crack and other corrosion.
- salt spray corrosion test should salt spray corrosion test in salt spray corrosion test chambers, inside temperature is 35 ± 2 ℃, spray rate 1 ~ 2mL/h (effective area for 80cm2 collector placed in the test box 24h measured average spray rate); test solution from white sodium chloride dissolved in distilled or deionized water, concentration is 50 ± 5g/L, pH value at 25 ° c to 6.5 ~ 7.2, spray the solution cannot be used again. Specimen after cleaning, to oil pollution rear suspension to test private inside the bracket that each test is only one test cycle for specimen, 240h; test is finished, the first dry 0.5 ~ 1h, clear water at 40 ° c, the last in cleaning the air drying.
Test result shall conform to the requirements of section 4.9.2.5.12 impact test container and container valve components are filled with water, then valve with a mild steel rods. Mild steel rods should this selection, namely: when the container and container valve components when using mild steel rods support and 100% level. In this position, the bottom container component other than any other part and ground contact, and then to bottom to fulcrum, lift container component to a vertical position, then a horizontal force gradually role to the valve so that the container components without any resistance of slants and container valve on mild steel rods to impact. Test result shall conform to the requirements of articles 4.10. 5.13 manual test is a container and container valve components with nitrogen or air as the maximum working pressure of filling, the component installation manual venting device and a manual operation mechanism and the appropriate measuring device connection, operation container valve and records the most vigorous observed; observation and record the maximum operational displacement. Test result shall conform to the requirements of articles 4.11.
- Inspection rules
- Product manufacturing unit should develop and adhere to quality control procedures to ensure that each batch of products are being identified as subject to this standard samples. Examination of the classification 6.2.1 product, type test should be carried out according to this standard stipulates all projects examined. 6.2.2 products factory inspection, should this standard be 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.9 test. Take a random sample, the test procedure and sampling quantity according to Appendix A (Amendment) regulations. Judgment
results 6.4.1 type inspection required by the standard test all qualified, the product is qualified product. This standard 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 sections to a non-qualified, shall be non-conforming product. The remaining sections are not qualified, allow double sampling inspection, still not qualified, the product is non-conforming product. Appendix A test program to figure(Supplement) A 1 test procedure description A 1.1 test sequence number 1 Visual inspection ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. (5.1) 2 test preparation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... (5.3)
- strength test ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... (5.4.1) overpressure test
A 1.2 description
- above test sequence number in Figure a1 with the box number; the number in the circle to test the number of samples required.
A 2 test procedure shown in Figure A1 additional notes: this standard by People's Republic of China Ministry of public security. This standard by the Ministry of public security fire Research Institute is responsible for the drafting of Tianjin.This standard primary drafters stone wanming, etc.
【 Weak current College 】 sprinkler system flow indicator of performance requirements and test methods---Power By 【 China power house network 】
Automatic sprinkler system flow indicator of performance requirements and test methods
1 topic content and scope of application
This standard provides for automatic sprinkler system flow indicator of technical requirements, test methods and test rules. This standard is applicable to automatic sprinkler system blade flow indicator, and other types of flow indicator should reference use.
2 reference standards
GB1842 polyethylene environmental stress cracking test method CB2423.3 electric and electronic products basic environmental testing regulations test Ca: constant damp heat test method GB57200X-rubber sealing ring test of standard methods
3 terminology
3.1 flow indicator for automatic sprinkler system will flow signal conversion to electrical signals of an alarm device. 3.2 delay caused by water flowing movements to drive parts began a beep signal during this time. 3.3 sensitivity-driven flow indicator alarm signal of minimum water flow.
4 specification flow indicator nominal diameter 25, 50, 65, 80, 100, 125, 150, 200mm. 5 technical requirements
5.1 biggest working pressure
Flow indicators of the maximum working pressure is 1.2MPa. 5.2 latency performance
5.2.1 a delay function in the flow meter delay time can be adjusted. 5.2.2 flow indicator in accordance with 6.2 to experiment. The measured latencies should be in the range 2-90;. 5.3 work cycle
5.3.1 flow indicator in accordance with 6.3 to experiment. After 500 cycle the action, the test should act sensitively and quickly reset. 5.3.2 test after test after 6.8 sensitivity, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.8. 5.4 corrosion resistance
Flow indicators in accordance with article 6.4 corrosion test, test its any part not impact performance of corrosion damage such as cracks. Test after test after 6.8 sensitivity, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.8. 5.5 rigid nonmetallic materials
5.5.1 flow indicator part if adopting rigid nonmetallic materials, rigid nonmetallic materials components should be carried out by 6.5.1 air aging test. 5.5.2 rigid nonmetallic material parts 90 ± 2 ℃ 7d or 70 ± 2 ℃ 28d air aging test, the test pieces shall appear curved, creep, cracks or other implications damage water flow indicator function. 6.5.3 If the blades used polyethylene material is polyethylene leaves should be tested by section 6.5.2, determination of the resistance to environmental stress cracking ability, test blade should be no cracks. 5.6 shock resistance
5.6.1 flow indicator should be carried out in accordance with 6.6 impact test, three 6.8J energy impact, there shall be no loose parts and impede flow indicator moves. Trial, should be carried out by 6.8 sensitivity testing, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.8. 5.6.2 test should check current indicator of shell, if shell breakage without affecting the flow indicator action, is eligible. If the shell is used for dust or moisture-proof, and shell fracture, flow indicator is not qualified. 5.7 elastic non-metallic gaskets anti aging properties of flexible nonmetallic water seals should be carried out by 6.7 water aging test, o-rings. Test you should check the gasket and fixture shall appear between loose, bonding and sealing pad brittle, soft phenomenon.
5.8 sensitivity
5.8.1 flow indicator should be carried out by 6.8 sensitivity test, test results shall meet the following requirements: a £ ® flow less than, equal to 15.0L/min, flow indicator should not be alert; b £ ® alarm volume should be at 15.0L/min to 37.5L/min value, between arbitrary to 37.5L/min, you must alert; c £ ® alarm flow should not be greater than 37.5L/min. 5.8.2 test pressure range in 0.14-l.20MPa. 5.9 hydraulic friction loss flow indicator by 6.9 hydraulic friction tests carried out. Test tube in the water velocity is 4.5m/s of water flow indicator hydraulic friction pressure loss shall not exceed 0.02MPa.
5.10 resistance to water impact performance
5.10.1 flow indicator should be carried out by 6.10 water impact testing, water should be reset after impact. 5.10.2 test should be carried out by 6.8 sensitivity testing, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.8. Resistance to water pressure performance 5.11
Flow indicator by 6.11 hydraulic test carried out. In hydraulic, continuing 2.4MPa 5min, no leakage, no rupture and permanent deformation or damage occurred. 5.12 overload ability
Flow meter tests by 6.12, the component shall not overheat burned down, hang point or contact adhesive. 5.13 voltage and insulation resistance
5.13.1 flow indicator by 6.13 for voltage capacity determination, in the test set out in article 6.13.3 voltages, in the following parts should withstand voltage 60 s 5; not breakdown. A £ ® all moving parts and stationary metal parts (including shell); b £ ® in different voltages and frequencies of circuit between the moving parts. 5.13.2 flow indicator by 6.13 for insulation resistance test, in the following parts of insulation resistance should be greater than 2 M Ω. A £ ®-contact is disconnected, with very into line with the outlet; b £ ® contact closure, various extremely charged parts, contacts and coils and control circuits; c £ ® the live parts and metal bracket (including shell).
6 test method
6.1 appearance inspection
6.1.1 specimen labels should be complete, in compliance with Chapter 7 logo requirements. 6.1.2 control design drawings, process documents, samples and drawings. 6.1.3 test specimen of process consistency, eye test pieces have no processing defects and mechanical damage. 6.2 latency performance test
Will flow indicator according to the normal operating position is installed in the test tube,Alarm traffic that leaves actions, measuring latency, test result shall conform to the provisions of article 5.2. 6.3 work cycle test
Will flow indicator according to the normal operating position is installed in the test tube, alarm traffic through 500 cycle the action, each work cycle including driver leaves action alert, and then reset. Test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.3. 6.4 corrosion test
6.4.1 is a specimen on the chemical corrosion test chambers, a work room press volume ratio per 24h joined 0.5 per cent of the SO2. In the Studio at the bottom, with a flat bottom big mouth containers container into enough distilled water, let it be volatile to form a wet environment, test the temperature at 25 ± 5 ° c, the test duration 10d. 6.4.2 the specimen suspension in the Studio at the middle part of the specimen at upper 5cm overlays, avoid Studio top coalesces liquid drops in the specimen. 6.4.3 testing out, after the specimen is placed 25 ± 5 ° c ambient temperature, the duration, and then check the specimen 24h, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.4. 6.5 rigid nonmetallic materials testing
6.5.1 the 1-piece rigid nonmetallic materials part on the air oven, sample in oven should not contact with the Chamber wall. The oven preheated to ageing temperature 90 ± 2 ℃ temperature ageing lasting 7d or 70 ± 2 ℃ lasted 28d. Then the test specimen is placed after the temperature of 20 ± 5 ° c in the air, cooling after check specimen, 24d test results, should be consistent with section 5.5.2. 6.5.2 adds 3 only polyethylene blade immersion reagents, test temperature of 50 ± 2 ° c, after checking the blade 48h test shall be in accordance with the provisions of section 5.5.3. Selection of reagent shall be in accordance with the provisions in the GB1842. 6.6 impact test
6.6.1 will a specimen fixed on the test bench, in the case of three mutually perpendicular direction imposed 6.8J of impact energy, once for each direction of impact. 6.6.2 test using a steel ball 0.54kg, test specimen, after inspection, the test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.6. 6.7 elastic non-metallic gasket water aging test
6.7.1 get three specimens of this test. 6.7.2 will take each specimen 25mm long part two dimensions to the aluminum sheet 76mmX24mmX9mm, Centre distance between the two bolts 38mm will clamp the specimen, the specimen thickness to two thirds, are shown in Figure 1. 6.7.3 and fixture at 87 ± 2 ℃ of water, which lasted 90d. Test, check out the fixture, the specimen should be consistent with the provisions in article 5.7. 6.7.4O-rubber sealing ring of physical performance test requirements by GB5i20, and should be consistent with the corresponding requirements. Figure 1 elastic non-metallic gaskets test load fixture 6.8 sensitivity test
Be a part of the normal work location to test the pipeline, slowly adjusting test pipe flow until flow indicator movement alarm signal. The flow value should be consistent with the provisions in article 5.8. 6.9 hydraulic friction loss test
6.9.1 will flow indicator according to the normal operating position is installed in a test tube, on both sides of the specimen must provide at least the same tube width straight pipe segment. In the tested pieces on both sides of the pipeline from the same location on the specimen set two pressure taps for differential pressure measurement. 6.9.2 flow regulation, so that the test tube test pipe velocity to 4.5m/s, with pressure gauge measurement between two pressure taps in △ p1 pressure value. 6.9.3 remove specimens will be a straight pipe in place of the same pipe flow indicator, the straight pipe should advance measurement in 4.5m/s velocity hydraulic friction loss △ p0, 4.5m/s velocity measurement between two pressure taps pressure value △ P2. 6.9.4 flow indicator of hydraulic friction loss △ p can be calculated from the following type: △ △ p = p1-p2 + △ △ p0 hydraulic friction loss should be consistent with the provisions of article 5.9. 6.9.5 flow measurement and pressure difference measurement accuracy is ±0.2%. 6.10 water impact test
6.10.1 will be measuring the flow indicator according to the normal operating position is installed in the test lines, adjust the water flow to rapid rise from 0 to 5.4m/s that keep this velocity 10s, and then quickly will flow down to 0. 6.10.2 test specimen should be after a sensitivity test 6.8, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.8. 6.10.3 will been 6.10.1 and 6.10.2 described two pilot flow indicator reverse installation, 50 times the reverse impact, each time the maximum reverse impact velocity is positive to 50 per cent, each impact should maintain 10s, and then follow the sensitivity test of the 6.8, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.8. 6.11 hydraulic test
Will flow indicator installed in the normal operating position and is full of water, slowly rose to the pressure and to maintain 5min 2.4MPa and check the samples, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.11. 6.12 overload test
6.12.1 flow indicator that a per-minute six cycles of frequency 500 cycles. Test to be applied on contact voltage contacts rated voltage, test current contact rated current of 150 per cent. 6.12.2 different types of water flow indicator should be carried out under the following conditions: (1) has several contacts rated voltage and single contacts rated current of water flow meter, test voltage should choose contact maximum voltage rating; (2) has several contacts rated current of water flow indicator, should include contact highest rated voltage, maximum power condition to experiment. If flow indicator with AC and DC contacts rated current, water flow indicator should be in the rated current for each contact to test. Each test using different specimens. 6.12.3 for the AC control circuit flow indicator for testing, you should use inductive load and power factor 0.6. 6.12.4 test specimen after inspection, the test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.12. 6.13 voltage and insulation resistance test
6.13.1 the flow indicator according to the normal operating position is installed in the test device. 6.13.2 conducted first by CB2423.3 two cycles constant damp heat test. Each cycle to 24h. Constant damp heat test conditions: temperature 40 ± 2 ° c, relative humidity (93 ^ + 3-3) per cent. Test should be carried out by 6.13.4 6.13.3 and pressure capacities and insulation resistance test. 6.13.3 voltage capacity determination 6.13.3.1 this test tests the power adopts 50Hz sinusoidal AC power supply, voltage should be met: a for rated voltage is below the water flow meter adopts 50V 500V; B £ ® for a nominal voltage greater than, equal to the current indicator uses 50V 1500V. 6.13.3.2 test voltage of 100-500V/s with boost rate from zero to the value of the test voltage requirements, maintaining the 60 ± 5s and check the samples, test result shall conform to the provisions in article 5.l3.1. 6.13.4 insulation resistance test, 6.13.4.1 flow indicator in 5.13.2 stipulates part imposed between 500 ± 50VDC, continuous measurement 60 ± 5s after the insulation resistance. 6.13.4.2 measurement of insulation resistance of the test apparatus shall meet the following technical requirements: a test voltage:. 500 ± 50VDC: b £ ® measuring range: 0-500 M Ω; c £ ® minimum indexing: 0 £ ® l M Ω d £ ® timing: 60 ± 5s. 6.4.3 measurement result shall conform to section 5.13.2
7 inspection rules
7.1 product manufacturing unit should develop and adhere to quality control procedures to ensure that each batch of products are in line with the provisions of this standard. 7.2 test classification 7.2.1 product type test should be carried out according to this standard stipulates all projects examined. 7.2.2 products factory inspection should be carried out according to the provisions of this standard by 6.1, 6.2, 6.8, 6.11 various pilot. 7.2.3 number of samples and test procedures according to the requirements of Figure 2. 7.4 test results of all the products are subject to this 7.4.1 standard 6.1-6.13 articles, that the product is qualified for 7.4.2 product does not meet this standard 6.8, 6.10, 6.11 bar a product found to be ineligible. The remaining non-qualified, allow double sampling inspection, a defective product is liable for the non-conforming product. Figure 2 testing for figure Note: ① number in the box to test serial number 6.1-Visual inspection; 6.2-delay performance test; 6.3-work cycle test; 6.4-corrosion test; 6.5-rigid nonmetallic materials testing; 6.6-shock test; 6.7-elastic non-metallic gasket aging test; 6.8-sensitivity test; 6.9 a hydraulic friction loss test; 6.10-water impact test; 6.11-hydraulic test; 6.12-overload test; 6.13-voltage and insulation resistance test-6.14-spare part numbers in ② circle to test the required number of the specimen.
8 signs
Flow indicators should have clear, durable labels, including: a the name and product specifications and models; b £ ® manufacturer's name or trademarks; c £ ® pressure; d £ ® sensitivity; c £ ® flow direction; f. the electricity performance indicators; g. production date and the production number.
【 Weak current College 】 indoor decoration construction fire cause analysis and fire protection measures
With the rapid development of market economy, the people's material culture rising standard of living, working, recreation, leisure and residential environmental conditions have improved. Therefore, home decoration has become a growing concern for everyone. With the rapid development of decoration, indoor decoration works in a large number of fires caused a large number of fires. This article for the interior decoration of fire and produce fire cause and corresponding fire protection measures.
I. interior decoration fire cause analysis:
The construction interior trim design fire protection standard "expressly provided" this specification provides the construction interior trim design, in civil architecture including ceiling, wall surface, ground, cut off the decoration, as well as fixed furniture, curtains, wall, window covers, furniture packing sheet, fixed accessories, etc. "When a large number of interior decoration with combustible, flammable decoration material, which is decorated in the biggest problem, many hotels, shopping mall, dance halls and other public entertainment, the pursuit of luxury, style, combustible, flammable wallpaper, redbud will, wood for wall decoration; with flammable carpets for floor decoration; with flammable fabrics for curtains and curtains, libraries cover, seat cover, plywood, fibreboard for Panel decoration; sofas, bedding in large quantities with polyurethane foam, etc. These have led to considerable fire hazards.
(A) interior decoration increased indoor fire load, fuelling the spread of fire. Indoor decoration materials are combustible, when the building is decorated in building indoor increased fuel, room on fire when burning time of growth, the combustion temperature rise, the Interior of the building elements to burn down, fire losses increase. For multi-tiered, high-rise building, once a fire is combustible internal decoration of the important factors in the spread of fire, the fire can along the ceiling and walls and floors spread from flammable decoration to a corridor, a room from the corridor to spread to various shaft, such as the open stairs, elevator shaft, pipe wells, and spread upwards, causing a fire.
(2) flammable decoration increased construction in fire risk, accelerate the fire reached the bomb. The decoration of combustible construction, such as combustible ceiling, wainscots, wallpaper, etc., once lit by the fire, it will be heated in the renovated around flammable materials, and to factor out the large amounts of combustible gases, while improving indoor temperature, indoor temperature reaches 600 ¡æ, the building's unique phenomenon – the flashover. A large number of fire tests indicated that the fire reaches flashover and indoor combustible decoration in direct proportion to the increase. A Flash-in short, it means that the personnel allow evacuation time is short, short, effective at the beginning of the fire extinguishing fire likely small.
(3) interior decoration room fire, smoke, toxic gases, causing serious injuries. According to the fire casualties due to statistical analysis, due to carbon monoxide poisoning suffocation or other toxic smoke smoked deceased General fires total number of deaths of 40 per cent to 50 per cent, while being burnt to death of people, mostly to asphyxia collapsed after being burnt to death. In the early stages of the fire, because of the reduced flow into the indoor air, so that incomplete combustion, plus indoor decoration materials mostly polymer, the resulting smoke, toxic gases. Indoor fire smoke reduces the visibility of the room on fire, evacuation, toxic effect of the intoxication, resulting in casualties.
Second, indoor decoration works in fire the main problems:
(A) the legal concept of indoor decoration units and weak fire awareness
There are only attach importance to the decoration of the benefit unit, one-sided emphasis enterprise autonomy, ignoring the national macro-economic management and the Fire Services Act, the supervision and administration of the fire, and rebuilding project design scheme does not declare construction on input. There are also units operate leading holding "heavy, light security" and "early decoration, early opening, early benefit" point of view, on fire with luck, prefer luxurious this mess of bleeding, or to take out a little money to do the fire protection. More seriously in some places more administrative interference to authorized law, personal views supersede the fire Statute, even support subordinate and related units violation decoration, buried under a serious fire risk.
(2) interior decoration construction unit qualification level is low, the quality is poor
Currently, the public, private and Corporation, a subsidiary of decoration engineering company, also there have been some cross-provincial association, Hong Kong and Taiwan regions decoration companies and construction team, these decoration engineering company, many do not have the Fire Department for "decoration engineering construction permit", such as Chongqing City only 30 units hosting the certificate, there are more than 300 registered companies without going through the license, but also design and construction. But the actual project is not only the more than 300, many black construction team take to the project through relationships, looking for a few friends to help finish the work took the money, you risk not to risk. Even the formal registration of the construction team, mainly farmers, laid-off workers, the majority adopted the induction training, did not understand fire knowledge, undocumented for posts such as 95 years of Shanghai Kotobuki international limited fire as duct installation of six workers do not have a formal welders, nor did the labour departments of the issuance of licences. In addition, the lack of fire control plans for the construction team, fires cannot effectively extinguish fire in the early days.
(3) changes the interior decoration design and construction units, multiple layers of Contracting
Decorated units not to fire organ instance arbitrarily decoration. Even if applying through design, to reduce the cost of altering the use of a building, the fire-retardant material functions as combustible, shoddy work, such as with an ordinary polyester fiber products instead of fire-retardant fabrics, wood joist instead of light steel keel; the brush fire protection paint brush, the brush and not three times the brush again, and so on, greatly reduce the renovation works of fire resistance, resistance to fire. In addition, in order to catch the duration, the duration is usually set to the number of construction contracting Division team, such as the "East building" panzhihua hotel construction up at the same venue construction team up to 13 companies, resulting in fire safety work at every level, responsibility is ambiguous, are potential fire accidents.
(4) indoorRenovation construction team chaos. Mainly in the following three areas: 1, indoor decoration construction team and an uneven. Some decoration engineering company itself does not have the construction qualification, or construction personnel without fire training, lack of the necessary fire safety knowledge, not understand fire technical specification; some of the construction team even is a farmer or laid-off workers, improvise, decoration works went after a nobody. This definitely makes the interior decoration imperceptibly buried fire 2, decoration design unit, multiple layers of unauthorized alteration of contract. Decorated units to reduce costs without a change of use, do not press the map construction, doing electrical lines, pipes for fire insulation material concealment, convenience, without changing the design, or even shoddy work, with ordinary polyester fiber products instead of fire-retardant fabrics, wood joist instead of light steel keel, and so on, greatly reduce the renovation works of fire resistance, resistance to fire. Which of these links does not meet fire safety requirements, buried under fire hazard. In addition, in order to catch the duration, the duration is usually set to the number of construction contracting Division team, has a large interior decoration works, while approaching the construction unit, fire safety work at every level, responsibility is ambiguous. 3. construction site operations in violation, fatigue for posts. Construction site using open fires are not do license, no staff care, welding slag flying fire easily cause a fire. Especially multiple construction team cross job, brushed electric welding following above, fire hazard, there are workers "superbskill" save to chance, risky job. In addition, in order to catch the duration, the pursuit of efficiency, often working overtime, working overtime, fatigue of workers through widespread, in this case very prone to accidents resulted in casualties.
(5) Fire Department oversight ineffective
Objectively speaking, decoration project, the construction team black sheep, and a wide range of construction, fire departments are caught off guard. However, there are individual supervision unit efficiency low, audit, supervision, quality is not high, on the specification of the materials are not familiar with the finished map regardless of the medium-term management, fire hazards in the construction of the wanton worked.
(Vi) the development of flame retardant material behind the renovation craze
Decoration in blind pursuit of luxury, upscale, contrary to the specification, design changes, use large quantities of flammable and combustible material, and fixed furniture and upholstery fabrics for ignition of flammable materials, after large amounts of toxic smoke, is the chief culprit in causing the death.
The more common on the market of decorative materials for gypsum board, mineral wool Board, plywood, etc., for people to choose less of decorative materials. Flame retardant material is expensive, and less mature species, rarely sell on the market. For new material which it could not be determined, according to the standardized level should send check provincial professional bodies, and authorized testing sector less distance, test time is long and so adverse factors, the Fire Department recognized, even if the Distributor has no legal formalities.
3 interior decoration fire hazard exists mainly
(A) the construction unit prevailing laws and regulations of the knowledge, fire safety awareness thin, not understanding the decoration of the relevant procedures, or to save time, after the completion of the design, construction units directly into construction. Have the capital costs for conservation reasons, has not been rigorously tender, some do not have the decoration qualification of decoration with small construction team.
(2) the construction units to figure easy, decoration materials selection not checks, use the poor quality of fake and shoddy products, cause unqualified materials combustion performance and on the fire resistance is not up to standards; Moreover, the construction unit selfish to save costs, gain greater economic benefit in the decoration material, material on the selection of random mixed, even shoddy, in the event of fire, these materials will give off a large number of irritating toxic smoke endangering life safety.
(3) fire management are not in place, the main problems: first, the decoration, the construction team black sheep, and that the police had very scarce Fire Administration is caught off guard, causing some renovation works, especially large-scale decoration engineering or non-public security Fire Department audit unauthorized construction, either side of the design, construction, side, the side will be buried next to the rectification of congenital fire hazard; second, the individual fire departments do not attach importance to the decoration of the building, on the specification in the repair material requirements are not familiar with the business, ineffective. At the same time, the interior decoration and a large part of the fire hazard is caused in the electrical installation, and most fire agencies also lack the necessary testing instruments, equipment, inspection, acceptance, it is difficult to check out this fire hazard; third, the Fire Department on residential construction supervision and management of interior decoration and the lack of legal basis. Currently, the Ministry of construction of the residential decoration as its administrative approval, and fire departments, but no fire on residential decoration.
4. decoration of fire prevention measures:
(A) strengthen the fire protection, improve the decoration company, the individual's self awareness of fire safety. Interior decoration fire hazards, due mainly to the decoration of the owners and the decoration personnel understand the importance of indoor decoration fire prevention, fire safety awareness, the renovation process does not have strict implementation of the fire technical specifications. Therefore, to take many forms, and increase the fire Statute, fire-fighting and fire escape fire awareness of knowledge. To pay particular attention to the use and the interior decoration, decoration fire case staff and general public awareness about fire safety, interior decoration made decoration and renovation landlord have to consciously abide by the fire Statute and conscientiously implement the construction interior trim design fire protection standard law, interior decoration and the importance of fire safety, safety first, beautiful second, consciously purchase, use of fire-retardant material and safety performance, a high wire, electrical appliances, electrical switches, fire hazards and proactively.
(B) strict fire on decoration industry management. On the decoration of fire management also like other works the same strict approval, from the submission, review, construction inspection, acceptance, and other aspects of the establishment of formal approval system. At the same time, the Fire Department should strengthen Ministry with various functionsDoor co-ordination Unit supervising decoration will submit the relevant technical information for the public security Fire Department fire safety audit. Project completion shall have the Fire Department to participate in acceptance, or other departments is not approved and acceptance to change the Fire Department to sing "one-man show" passive situation. In accordance with the legal provisions of the fire, and strengthen the execution of the relevant departments and make concerted efforts to establish a strict examination and approval system, implement the responsibility system for design, construction, specifications, change management, renovation market, there are rules of passive situation, protect the construction interior trim the healthy development of the market in order to ensure the people have a safe environment.
(3) consolidation of decoration market, strengthen the audit of the construction unit
For repair construction unit should take the initiative to the local public security fire fighting supervisory body register, accept for review. Fire departments should be combined with all levels of construction Committee conducted a survey of the construction unit of seminar, in strict accordance with the requirements of eligibility for the review of its design and construction standards, qualified by issuing the "fire protection engineering construction permit", not qualified to be banned.
(Iv) strengthen the fire prevention flameproof decoration materials management and promotion. First, you should increase the indoor decoration fire codes of propaganda, increase the decoration of the owners, designers, builders on the materials of the fire performances and fireproof grade, so that they do so strictly according to norms in material selection, you can try to choose nonflammable noncombustible decoration materials. Second, the public security fire agencies to integrate various types of fire prevention flameproof decoration materials into fire management scope, actively promoted by the national or provincial level appraisal approval of refractory products. On the type of decoration materials for combustibility rank detection. Third, the combination of fire products special regulation, in conjunction with the business, technical and quality supervision departments strengthen decoration materials market management, fire-retardant materials prevent counterfeit or fake fire prevention materials for interior decoration. Fourth, strengthen new fire prevention flameproof decoration materials development, research the price low, the fire performances and decorative effect better, society members are happy to use decoration.
【 Weak current College 】 on unmanned substation fire protection---Power By 【 China power house network 】
Substation as a whole part of the transmission system, assumed an important role in connecting the transformer substation of fire protection, but also directly affect its ability to run safely. For emergency, fire-fighting system correctly put into operation, implementation of repression and put out the fire at the beginning is very important. With the development of technology and the improvement of the degree of automation, as an important hub for transmission, substation is unattended. This substation safety issues put forward higher requirements.
General substation is a master communication building, 3.5KV distribution Chamber, relays, and other buildings. While these buildings within the engine room, the important distribution indoor devices is the various functions of the Cabinet, as everyone knows, the electric fire is Cabinet safety work of most large fire hazard, so how can you guarantee the safety of the substation?
First, the existing substation fire protection measures
Working principle: the installation of the substation to the fire, smoke detection alarm signal and alarm signal through the network to the dispatch centre, dispatch centre under the status notify personnel arrived at the scene of the use of the site for fire extinguishers.
Problems:
Smoke detector or temperature sensing probe needs to reach a certain level can be achieved. Because smoke or temperature sensor is installed in the top of the room, when smoke or temperature are detected and issued fire means fire has spread from the inside of the Cabinet to Cabinet external, for unit caused a great loss.
Fire fighting slow fire signal transmission to the control center, then from Control Centre issued a directive because the unmanned substation General settings in one place, and wait until the rescuers arrived at the scene for fighting, the fire had spread. Fire paled. Even if you call the fire brigade to the fire, the water on electrical equipment damage may also seriously affected than fire. On devices running the loss is irreversible.
Now in the unmanned substation with emergency power switch function. But once a Cabinet produce fire risk cannot exterminate and immediately spread to other cabinets. The whole substation stops running, incalculable losses.
Due to the high degree of automation equipment, or the presence of some congenital monitoring devices often cause problems, such as instantaneous mass upload some interference signal, serious interference with the monitoring officer's judgement, sometimes inevitably missed out a large amount of information, if you encounter network communications are not clear, the fire cannot and times to the command center for unmanned substation safety run cause interference, and the interference will evolve into expansion caused the accident or incident.
Second, the fire danger
1. substation within the building are brick, fire resistance ratings are secondary, decoration materials are fire safety requirements. Fire hazards mainly electrical fire.
2, electric fire refers to the electrical equipment, electrical circuits, conductors, lightning, static electricity, thermal effect of electric arc, triggered by the fire. If electrical equipment for surface temperature rise may ignite the fires around substance; electrical equipment up and running when the arc or spark of fire caused by substances (or explosion); electrostatic discharge arc, arc lightning discharge, conductor short-circuit the insulated grounding conductors of spontaneous combustion, electric arc, conductor connectors not good heating temperature is too high, the conductor insulation damage or decay caused short circuit so that the temperature is too high fire ignition adjacent material, etc.
Third, the traditional solution
To address the fire caused by electrical equipment, in General, we use a traditional fire-extinguishing system for fire fighting, but the following problems.
Traditional fire extinguishing system can only be protected against the whole room, not for device-to-peer type of fire protection, while traditional fixed gas fire extinguishing system is when the protected object, a fire broke out, the fire had spread out from the device, the room has a lot of smoke and high temperature, followed by the installation in room fire detector receive two separate fire signal automatically starts only after the fire extinguishing system, on the protected object is located in room for extinguishing a fire, but has a large, protected devices has been a lot of damage, so to speak, on the device itself, this type of fire-fighting methods do not resolve the issue of fire fighting equipment.
Whether in full or partially submerged in the system, regardless of the application system is automatic control, manual control or mechanical emergency operation, traditional fixed gas fire extinguishing system is the extinguishing agent is spraying out to protection area (large enclosed spaces), without direct spraying fire-extinguishing agent to the fire of the electronics, electrical equipment. And gas fire extinguishing agent is also very difficult to penetrate these vulnerable to fire in a closed envelope equipment, fire fighting targeted is not strong, to timely and effective fire fighting purposes.
Fire extinguishing system prices relatively high. Because the smaller device when you are in the fire extinguishing agent evenly filled with larger space or room. Need big extinguishant, fire extinguishing system consists of relatively complex, equipment investment and a large fire suppression costs. Particularly in the development of electric power, telecommunications, more quickly, in order to leave enough room for development, the project is a device that works as an extension of the scope for and put into use at the initial stage of a large space of the room only with fewer devices, in order to protect these few sets of smaller devices, set the traditional fixed gas fire extinguishing system has to press the large space of the room as a protection area.
There is a tropical climate with toxic extinguishing agent usage, to place the extinguishing agent is spraying room, room staff will bring harm to the environment pollution.
IV. fire-fighting equipment solutions — trace tube automatically detecting and fire extinguishing device
Electrical fire, as has long been plagued by fire sector and users of a major challenge, especially with the development of technology, more and more electrical equipment protection issues, has become an urgent problem to be solved. Fire probe tube automatic fire extinguishing fire detection equipment came into being is the genuine solution setPreparation of a medicine for fire, is currently the only solution to the best way to fire fighting equipment. Following our features and advantages for analysis.
1. working principle
Fire on the fire-fighting equipment is the probe layout in fire-prone directly by electronic and electrical equipment, and place it directly as a fire detection and extinguishing spray-and-drop components, use the Fire probe sensitivity to temperature, in the event of fire, in 1-160 ° c ± 2 ° c (distance protection device 1 m wide) temperatures for a few seconds to more than ten seconds, the pressure inside the tube, Fire probe automatically blast holes, the formation of spray extinguishing agent direct injection into the ignition parts of fire.
2. fire-extinguishing efficiency
Because direct arrangements within the protected equipment, guaranteed response quickly, accurately, fire extinguishing agent release timely on the symptoms, the more targeted and effective, prompt and effective detection and fight the earliest fire, is an early fire extinguishing system. This is the traditional fixed gas fire extinguishing system until the fire was already very large, for the entire room or large space for extinguishing the principle is a major step forward.
3. system setting and cost comparison
Fire of fire extinguishing device do not need to set up a dedicated storage bottle, a small footprint. No need to power and complex electronic control equipment and pipelines without dedicated smoking, temperature detector. Systems rely on a fire probe and a set of extinguishing agent bottles, valve, the use of their own reservoir pressure can fire fight in the early stages. System greatly simplified, construction is simple, saving floor space, a significant reduction in the cost of project.
4. fire-fighting costs comparison
Traditional fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems to large closed space of the room as a protection zone, and the fire of fire-extinguishing system only large enclosed space of room volume smaller distribution Cabinet, distribution cabinets, cabling, Groove box, etc. to be protection of electronic and electrical equipment as protection zones. Extinguishing media usage greatly reduced, lower the cost of a fire.
5. safety and environmental protection
Because of this fire extinguishing system is the extinguishing agent release in a closed envelope of Cabinet, regardless of the chosen specification allows a fire extinguishing agent, even if slightly toxic effect on the field will not greatly, harm to a minimum, no personnel emergency evacuation; at the same time, since extinguishant significantly reduce, reduce environmental pollution.
6. advantages
Fast reaction time, rapid fire with the fight in the bud, effectively reduce economic losses caused by fire;
Passive operation. The device does not need a power supply, does the problem causing the device to the power to run, and eliminates should e-mail systems may have the effect of interference and operational capabilities;
Fire probe is soft, not subject to any position, in a variety of small and complex flammable space or equipment;
Distance is protected from fire near, high efficiency, good reliability;
Design a simple, easy installation, low-cost.
5. fire exploration equipment codes and standards
As a new approach to fire extinguishing device, the fire on the device solves the puzzle fire industry has long been on electrical equipment, control box, distribution Board, prone to fire with fire problems of space. In the country has been widely used in power plants, distribution, broadcasting, petrochemical industry, railway system. In the latest revision of the architectural design fire protection standard and thermal power in the fire code for fire protection equipment application on are also described. But in my province, also for the device enacted the fire trace tube automatically detecting and fire extinguishing device design, construction and acceptance of orders, on the probing device application of fire and promotion offers standard and basis. "People-oriented, safety first. To guarantee people's safety and health, to prevent and reduce safety accident disasters casualties as a priority. "Our common purpose
【 Weak current College 】 on building a community fire safety system---Power By 【 China power house network 】
The party's 16 th expressly laid down a harmonious socialist society's major strategic tasks, maintaining social stability is important for building a harmonious society. Then, in the current situation, the fire brigade from the strengthening of the "base" building, build a strong fire safety system, in order to build a harmonious society provides powerful protection is worth serious consideration of a major issue.
First, the current Community fire safety system of the main problems in the
In recent years, grab the fire safety community have done a lot of work has produced tangible results, and the social situation and the development of requirements, there are many problems to be solved. To sum up the main problems: first, the overall fire safety awareness is not strong. Some units and departments of leading to the understanding of the importance of fire safety, only verbally, the work does not have a real implementation, resulting in fire department "alone". At the same time, given the value of the change and socially adverse factors, many of the people involved in the fire of passion, enthusiasm is not enough, do not want to or not actively cooperate with mass prevention and treatment work, lack of self awareness and social responsibility. The second is the main force of fire departments play a role. On the basis of work are not solid, on key unit, weihua industries, public gathering places without the effective management and control, leaving a fire hazard. Objectively firefighting work task increasingly heavy and a serious lack of manpower to put more police forces into Community fire safety precautions, thereby forming a usually "soft ribs". The third is part of the work of developing titular police stations, fire on fire hazard investigation not are not in place in time, lack of knowledge of fire authority, cannot meet the need of reality, there is no play. Fourth, the Foundation invested enough. Personnel, financial, and material inputs, makes fire safety system lack of staying power, but also fundamentally restricting the work. If the employment of a serious problem, the lack of protection facilities and equipment.
II. strengthening the dynamic environment fire safety system construction
Build dynamic environment community fire safety system, you must adhere to the "prevention, anti-binding", diversification in accordance with the "prevention, preparedness tasks socialization, professional and social protection correspondence between complementary" idea, passed the phenomenal steadily, from passive to active, from single to interaction, from the system of loose change.
(A) the upper and lower linkage, in order to build a fire safety system provides support platform. Fire departments should always stand at the party's ability to fully understand the construction community fire safety system of the importance and necessity of, do so in their thoughts, actions to meet their needs. First, it is necessary to strive for leadership. To deepen the fire safety of building into the committees, the Government and relevant departments of the "leaders" project, a leading group was formed at every level and work organization, established the "Government unified leadership to fire departments, and units actively involved in the tie" the great pattern, really implement fire safety responsibility mechanisms, collaborative linkage system, the objective assessment mechanisms, strict inspection mechanism, rewards and incentive mechanisms, thus contributing to the implementation of the fire service to build a strong organization guarantees provided. Second, it is necessary to carry out scientific deployments. Efforts to put the fire safety system into the economic and social development planning, co-ordination arrangements, reasonable layout, step-by-step implementation and overall effort, to avoid fire safety harness "piecemeal" and "fix" phenomenon, near-term goals and the organic combination of long-term development. The third is to increase the funds. Government and relevant departments to faith "are willing to spend money to buy peace" thinking, positive attention and increase investment efforts each year to ensure a certain budget, the proper solution to the much needed equipment and personnel, and other financial issues.
(B) adhere to local conditions, focuses on building a scientific and rational fire safety system. First, the construction of social surface fire safety network. According to the "Fire Department inspection, community police patrol, mass prevention forces patrol point, have complementary advantages, for dynamic braking" requirements, minimize the fire hazard and proactively. Second, build a community fire safety network. To advance community policing strategies, let the fire work real roots communities, close to the people. Community police and management personnel to effectively discharge its responsibilities, the kind your "zerentian" actively doing area mass prevention and treatment work, organization, management and coordination of work to guide the masses in the neighbourhood watch, see floor nursing homes, with official Defense, storefront interaction, increase people's ability to self defense. The third is establishing internal fire safety network. In accordance with the "who's in charge, who is responsible for" principle, supervision enterprises establishing fire security system, implementation of entity primarily responsible for fire safety responsibility. Particularly dangerous explosives, and other key related undertakings should strengthen regular inspection, guidance and oversight to prevent fire disaster incidents. The fourth is constructing technical prevention network. Rely on new technology and application of new technologies for fire prevention.
(3) innovative policing mechanism, give full play to the main force of the fire department. Enhance policing mechanism standardization, is a fire safety system key links. Therefore according to the actual needs, develop and improve the various mechanisms (4) seize weak links and improve basic prevention capabilities. Fire departments and relevant departments to strengthen collaboration and close co-ordination between the joint construction can adapt to the dynamic environment of new management mechanism.
【 Weak current College 】 how to identify fake fire resistant glass-Power By 【 China power house network 】
The current state, by the Ministry of public security, commerce joint special operations to fire products is rapidly developing in big checks found many problems. Where counterfeit of fireproof glass products market, certified fraud to suppose there really phenomenon.
In the check in exposed fake fake fireproof glass products, mainly in the following four false trick:
I. yijiachongzhen
Some unscrupulous manufacturers do not have monitoring fire resistant glass products factory guarantee ability or do not have the capacity, they managed to purchase some other tablets cesium potassium fireproof glass as samples, taken to the fire building materials test center do type inspection, the inspection report, fraud to obtain market access. In fact, in the actual production of raw materials, process, equipment, detection methods, and so reduce the standard request or even completely inconsistent, Jerry yijiachongzhen, then peddle their inferior counterfeits.
2. holders of cooking
Some fireproof glass manufacturers may have a certain production capacity, also holds a 2, 3, inspection certificate, but the whole, that all specifications of fireproof glass products are all qualified as Hall Grand Imperial to sell in the market a large number of other kinds of fake and shoddy products, this is a common "certified fraud". In fact, a copy of the inspection report, the only proof of a thickness of a specification of a fireproof glass type inspection qualified and cannot replace all the specifications of the fire resistant glass products, but the only responsible to samples. This way more subtle forms of cooking, but also some not defrauded standards, specifications of the user.
Third, infringement of cooking
Some manufacturers of fire-resistant glass wrongful infringement of patents or the registration of trademark, counterfeiting of trademarks, packaging and decoration, forgery or fraudulent use of the certification mark, false origin as well as publication of false advertising, unfair competition, murky market. For example: one-piece cesium potassium fireproof glass is a Guangdong Jingang glass technology co., Ltd. technical patent product, listed as national key torch plan project, the national key new product, 2002 promoting project license on technology achievement from construction Ministry, but did have some manufacturers of counterfeit "monolithic cesium potassium fireproofing glass" in the name of the product on the market.
IV. foil counterfeit
Fake fireproof glass way, another trick is to foil the fake. Some unscrupulous manufacturers regardless of one-piece fireproof glass complex manufacturing process, the raw materials cost objective facts, Jerry Chase benefits, in the ordinary glass with a layer of organic thin films on the lie is fire resistant glass inspection report, the cheat. In fact, they are to covertly, purchase other of cesium potassium fireproof glass products, put up your own organic thin rubber, sent to detection, obtaining the certificate.
Fireproof glass is integrated into the national mandatory-managed public safety products, fire resistant glass product quality and economic construction and the safety of the people's lives and property. Fake in fireproof glass once it is put into use, will be on social security, long-term harm to the environment. Therefore, reveal the fireproof glass fabrication of tricks, the fight against counterfeiting of wrongful manufacturers, straightening out fire product market is the whole of society should be a matter of concern.
【 Weak current College 】 auto fire fighting and prevention measures
If it is not a collision accident, General auto fire does not endanger the safety of the crew, as they have enough time and space escape, the correct extinguishing methods will allow vehicle losses to a minimum.
The car is on fire at least have the following two conditions: first, flammable materials; the second is the source of fire. Flammable materials mainly refers to gasoline, the fire source refers to the matches, lighters, grilled car division of fire torch, electric spark, burnt cylinder high-voltage, high-temperature exhaust pipes, Distributor, regulator, and Bell relay lights produce sparks, etc. In addition, generators, starter motor commutator and brush friction between will cause sparks and some automobile parts production failure, it will give rise to an ignition source, such as the ignition coil, high-voltage line, distributor CAP after a failure such as a possible source of fire. While most of these fires are preventable. As long as the driver usually careful, diligent inspection maintenance vehicles so that it does not leak, no leakage, the vehicle is not fire.
If the vehicle is on fire, do not panic, be calm, quickly.
First, when the engine fire, the pilots should promptly stop, let yourself travel staff opens the door, and then cut off the power, remove the lorry fire extinguishers, fire flame front of a spray, fight a fire.
Second, when the car in a fire during refueling, pilots do not be alarmed, to immediately stop fueling, rapid car out of the gas station (library), used with the car fire extinguishers or gas station fire extinguisher and clothes, etc will fuel tank on the flame fight, if ground fuel fluidity, application area fire extinguishers or sandy ground fire.
Third, when the car repair in case of fire, repair personnel should quickly get on the train or drilled trench, quickly cut off the power, the use of fire extinguishers or other fire extinguishing equipment put out the flames.
4. when the car was hit after the fire, damage due to vehicle parts, drive more serious casualties, the first task is to save lives. If the door is not corrupt, should open the door to let people get out of the car, the above two methods are also available at the same time. At the same time, the pilot can use dilator, cutter, Jack, fire axe, tools combined with the fire brigade rescue fire-fighting.
5. when the car park there is a fire, should generally be regarded fire fighting vehicle location, take measures and evacuation measures. If the burning car in the parking lot in the Middle, you should put out the fire at the same time, organize evacuation vehicles parked around. If the burning car in the parking lot side when fighting fires, evacuation and fire connected to the organization.
6. when the driver and travelling personnel clothes were ablaze, if time allows, you can quickly undress, the foot will dress fire stamped out; if too late, passengers can use clothing slapped between or clothing cover to fire or in-place playing rolling off the flame on the clothes.
【 Weak current College 】 live equipment fire extinguishing agent selection and application
With economic development and social progress, the power of popular in-depth millions, widely used in various areas of society. Each of the electrical and fire case too numerous to mention, to the countries and peoples of economic loss and very serious casualties. Electrical fire spread rapidly after burning, fighting is difficult. Conditions permitting, should generally be used off fire method, but in the actual fire fighting, often because they are waiting to be powered off and lose the best fire extinguishing time, or because of power outages and seriously affecting production, to take effective live fire suppression methods that you can respond quickly and effectively to control the fire, the fire extinguished, reduced disaster losses. Fire and safety precautions correctly or not, have a direct bearing on the success or failure of a charged fire fighting. The author according to the electrical theory knowledge combined with practice is charging the device at the scene, the line of fire extinguishing agent in the use and safety precautions for a discussion with fellow.
First, use not conductive agent charged fire-extinguishing
As a result of water, foam and other fire extinguishing agent is the conductors in the fight live fire-fighting personnel, easily lead to electric shock, therefore, need not be used in fire-fighting. The scene is often used on conductive agent are:
(A) dry powder. Powder extinguishing agent from potassium and sodium carbonate class joined additive such as talcum powder, diatomaceous earth, not conductive extinguishers have artificial throwing and compressed gas injection. Principle is suppressed combustion, burning of dry powder can be generated by the activity group for OH, etc, make it a non-active substances, so that combustion chain cannot continue, so as to achieve the effect of extinguishing fire. Powder extinguishing agent not to fight with rotating machinery electrical equipment and afraid of fire extinguishing agent defaced precision electrical equipment fire.
(2) carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent is completely normal temperature of combustion products, is a colorless, tasteless, non-conductive gas, non-corrosive to the device, in the case of no gas. Relative air density 1.5, liquid state into a fire extinguisher cylinder, extremely volatile, room temperature maintaining 60kg/c © o pressure, liquid carbon dioxide injection, volume expansion of 400-700 times, intense heat absorption cooling, condensation rime ice, as in the combustion zone directly into gas, heat absorption cooling air to the combustion of isolation, so as to achieve fire extinguishing purposes. Carbon dioxide gas is easy to use by suffocating, should be in the upper hand when people or side wind direction, while the hand fire extinguishers should be held to prevent dry ice contacts handles the human cause frostbite.
(3) carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishing agent is a colorless, flammable liquid, not spontaneous, not combustion, non conductive, relative density 1.6, boiling point, vapour density 76.8 ¡æ about air 5.5 times. When a liquid spray to the burning of carbon tetrachloride, rapid thermal gasification, vapor makes burning and oxygen, thus allowing combustion to abort. Carbon tetrachloride in the air concentration reaches 10% of the time, you can put out a fire. But with carbon tetrachloride toxicity, high temperatures and water vapor and other substances very toxic gases in the role, therefore, should be used to wear gas masks, people want to wind or side wind direction in case of poisoning.
(4) of the 1211 fire-extinguishing agent. 1211 fire-extinguishing agent often become the liquid state is mounted fire extinguisher cylinder, divided into portable and fixed nozzle unit. It is an efficient, low toxicity, corrosivity and fire back without leaving any traces, non conductive, using secure, long storage life. It can prevent combustion chain reaction, and have a certain amount of cooling and suffocation role fighting electrical equipment, precision instruments and fire have special effects that can be composed with fire alarm equipment, fixed fire extinguishing systems for control rooms, transformer, electronic, computer, cable tunnels automatic fire extinguishing.
Second, the use of water as an extinguishing agent charged fire-extinguishing
Water is cheap and widespread fire extinguishing agent.
Specific heat in standard atmospheric pressure, water evaporation per kg of boiling 539KJ to absorb heat. Water cooling, fire extinguishing efficiency is high, is commonly used for fire extinguishing agent. But water conductivity, live in the water used in fire extinguishing equipment, charged body, water, and Earth would form the electrical circuit, prone to electric shock accident. According to the test, when the current passes through the body to 1mA, person feel there is electricity. So as long as you are familiar with the impact factors of leakage current size, the water leakage current control in the following, to 1mA to protect the safety of the personnel of fighting, live firefighting personnel does not have any sensation.
(A) water gun nozzle diameter size of leakage current. Different water gun nozzle diameter formed by water column section is different, then change the water resistance, nozzle small, large and small; nozzle section, section. If the fire is charged voltage must comply with the leakage current size, if the law of Ohm's law nozzle diameter must, leakage current is less than 1mA, corresponding to certain nozzle, can determine the minimum safe distance to the water column. The same as the voltage, the electrical resistivity of water, the distance equal to the same conditions, using small-caliber gun, by the water leakage current is large-diameter. In the scene on a DC gun for live fire, if the voltage is high, or more hours of resistivity of water, in order to increase the security level, the use of small-caliber gun. If you need to increase the fire-fighting water consumption, you can increase the number of small caliber gun without having to switch to large calibre gun.
(2) water pressure and water gun Jet in the form of leakage current size. When the pump pressure increases, the nozzle size must, from the DC gun shoot out of the full water column, the corresponding growth in the water column dense, current easier through, leakage current is as pressure grows, but through flowering water gun shot, the greater the pressure of the water pump, water and fire water droplets scattered have better water droplets, the more evenly between gap and a corresponding increase in resistance, and the leakage current is reduced accordingly. But through the spray gun shot, pump pressure, the greater the flow of atomization of better water jet in the bubble, the resistor increases, leakage current is reduced accordingly. Therefore, in the scene, using DC gun live fire, near from the charged body, should not be tooHigh pressure; the use of flowering water gun, should not be used for low pressure; the use of spray gun live fire, pressure must be ＞ 7Kg, thus ensuring that there is sufficient water pressure, ensuring adequate atomization and resistance values.
(3) water resistivity on the effect of the leakage current size. Different media with different resistivity, its electrical conductivity varies with impurities. Use water resistivity of water quality for live fire, the water resistance is large, the water leakage current is small, so you can increase the security level. Use chemical pure water does not conduct electricity, but in reality it is not possible.
(4) water gun nozzle-charged body of distance on the effect of the leakage current size. Water gun nozzle to live in the greater the distance, the longer the water column, the greater the resistance to the water column, while the water leakage current is less. Therefore, in the scene, if you live in DC gun fire, it can give full play to the DC gun onger, appropriate to increase the water gun nozzle to the distance between the charged body, to increase water-use the security level of a charged fire-extinguishing, may also be appropriate to direct DC gun fire.
(5) charged voltage on leakage current size. In the scene on the DC gun fire, if the voltage of the charged body, through the water leakage current is relatively large. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to water gun nozzle to the distance between the charged body.
3. when a charged fire should do security precautions
Fire extinguishing live is a dangerous job, fire commanders to a holistic view of the fire site, and do various security measures to ensure that safety organizations implement fire-fighting work.
(A) to wear protective equipment: live-fire fighting, rescue personnel should wear insulated shoes to prevent foot and leg parts in contact with charged bodies. To wear insulated gloves, prevent hand direct contact with charged bodies; conditions firefighting personnel should wear are subdued, wear are subdued to the hats, socks, gloves, shoes with copper and brass buckle connected to each other as a whole.
(2) set the grounding device: metal water gun nozzle, install the grounding line by section 5 ~ 10m square meters of copper wire for earth connection, more than with long 1m 50mm（diameter） steel pipe or 50 × 50mm of steel angle for grounding rods, grounding line ends with the water gun nozzle and grounding rods firmly connected. And the best nail grounding rods into the soil underneath 0.5m, requirements should not be too dry, and in the grounding rods Department into the brine or ordinary water to grounding and conductor connect, between * daochu water gun on current. In addition, the lightning rod down lead and take over tap water, metal heating pipes, Poles, cables can be used as a grounding device.
(3) a minimum safety distance: minimum safety distance refers to the human body through the leakage current of less than 1mA keep a minimum distance. Implementing a live fire fighting, rescue personnel and the use of fire fighting equipment to and live parts maintain sufficient distance, the higher the voltage, the greater the distance. The distance from voltage 10KV, charged body to maintain the minimum distance shall be not less than 40cm. when indoor high voltage electrical apparatus or circuits at the time of the grounding occurred, its surrounding context, fighting 4m shall * close, such as outdoor, its surrounding 8m within, the personnel shall not close. In the water when a charged fire-extinguishing, regardless of what action to take, the general minimum safety distance should be kept in ≮ 5m; fire extinguishing transformer, fighting personnel station location of ground-level distance and charged body height on the angle of 45 ° ≯ should be. In fighting the fire overhead electrified lines, fire-fighting personnel and charged body wire between 45 ° elevation should ≯ and should stand in line outside to prevent wire broken backward drop touch human-caused casualties. Overhead wire break down in water can reach fire points, between the man and charged body should try to keep the large horizontal distance from the wire breaking, to wipe the warning area of prohibition.
(4) to avoid human contact with charged bodies: in the water when a charged fire fighting, rescue personnel of the body parts do not touch DC gun shot to the charged body of water to prevent leakage current through the body into the ground; no grounding line of cases, the use of plastic water gun, further improving insulation strength; to live equipment water, the water gunmen wearing rubber boots for General should, in fire-fighting cylinders, prevent water inflow boots, other staff to prevent contact with water; use DC gun fire during discharge or discharge, shock sensor, taken in supine position shooting water, the water zone and water gun metal contact of the Department of medicine, so as to avoid electric shock wounding; breaking, to prevent the tool and charged body contact. There is no protective appliances, personnel and should not be close to the combustion zone, to prevent the risk of surface water stains have conductive;
(5) as far as possible the flow of atomization of high pressure water gun. High pressure water gun caliber usually 6.5mm, 7.0mm, 7.5mm, 8.0mm, work pressure, its corresponding 4MPa range 9m, 11m, 12m, 15m, droplets of diameter 100-200um and selected according to voltage, the normal flow of atomization distance before the charged body for fire suppression. Practice shows that the distance fog nozzle nozzles 1.5m charged body, and greater than 7.07 × 105Pa pressure under fire, no leakage current. Spray gun off transformer fire requires water gunmen casually swing, it is better to use two gun compared with strong coverage of spray flow will fire extinguishing suffocation.
(6) the reasonable use of Jet forms: use copper grid instead of the grounding rods cannot be used. As far as possible, a charged fire-extinguishing spray of water spray flow can not grounded, but according to the voltage size selected and charged body safe distance, fire pump pressure keep 0.5 ~ 0.7MPa. direct use enrich the water with live fire. Use of large diameter water gun, using spot for long distance shooting water fire extinguishing or make the water flow is a parabola-shaped falls fire points, increasing water column length.
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