【 Weak current College 】 civil explosives, Fireworks and enterprises in the production of universal security requirements---Power By 【 China power house network 】

1. local governments should further strengthen civil explosives, Fireworks and production safety supervision and management
　　
State Decree No. 302 on major safety accident administrative accountability provisions of the Act makes it clear that local government leaders and relevant government departments responsible for the safe production of an inescapable responsibility. Therefore, the main leading the Government to forward to the relevant departments, organizations, in accordance with their respective duties, cooperate, suppression of illicit commercial explosives, Fireworks and production enterprise, stop without basic security conditions continue production of units and reward system that relies on all forces in society, timely detection and suppression of the illicit production of civil explosives, fireworks activities. For those who have a legitimate qualification of production enterprises, and also to conduct a comprehensive security overhaul. Consolidation in the security assessment or risk assessment methods to add, layout, plant, production technology, equipment, facilities, and safety management system as a result of a comprehensive analysis that does not meet the safety requirements, to limit the rectification; in the period of rectification is not qualified or unable to carry out safety improvement, resolutely closed.
　　
2. the competent authorities should be strengthened on civil explosives, Fireworks and practitioners of safety awareness education and safety and technical education
　　
Civil explosives, Fireworks and enterprise production workers should be included in the special category of personnel management. According to the special operations personnel security technology assessment management rules, special job is on the operator himself, especially for others and surrounding facilities safety significant hazards of the job. Civil explosives, Fireworks and production workers of jobs in line with this definition, but Fireworks manufacturing enterprises most belongs to the Township and village enterprises, technical force is relatively weak, many business people security weak legal sense, it is difficult to guarantee the safety of technical training. Therefore, the need for Fireworks and production workers included in the scope of special operations personnel management, centralized training, uniform assessment methods and obtain appropriate to post operation.
　　
3. civil explosives, Fireworks and enterprises should be regularly prepared for safety assessment and emergency plans
　　
On civil explosives, Fireworks and enterprises should regularly make safety evaluation and preparation of contingency plans for major accidents, is China's relevant laws and regulations of the specific requirements, such as the Safety Act People's Republic of China, the fire service law, People's Republic of China State Council No. 344, the dangerous chemical safety management regulations are clearly defined. Especially at the beginning of this year's the State Council issued Decree No. 397 safety in production permit Ordinance article 2 provides that: "the State mining enterprises, construction enterprises and hazardous chemicals, Fireworks, civil explosives production enterprise (hereinafter enterprise) implementation of safe production license system. The enterprise has not obtained the safety production license, shall not be engaged in productive activities. "The article 6 States: Enterprise safety in production permit, shall meet the conditions of safety, which has 13, paragraph 10," the safety evaluation of the law, "eleventh item is" a major hazard detection, assessment, monitoring and control measures and emergency plans, "the twelve" production safety accident emergency rescue plans and emergency rescue organizations or emergency rescue personnel, equipped with the necessary emergency response and rescue equipment, equipment ". The State Council on strengthening the work of decision "(guofa [2004] 2) 8 also pointed out:" accelerate the national production safety emergency rescue system, so as to establish national safety emergency command center, full use of the existing emergency response resources, building a rapid response capacity of professional rescue teams, improving rescue equipment level and enhance the production safety accident rescue capabilities. "This shows that regular safety evaluation and preparation of contingency plans for major accidents, is essential for high risk businesses.
　　
4. civil explosives, Fireworks and enterprises should invest for security technology innovation, from engineering-building and technology equipment to take fire and explosion-proof measures to raise the level of security of technology
　　
1) plant siting and plant building fire-explosion protection measures
　　
(1) the plant site selection. Civil explosives, fireworks factory and residential areas, schools, industry, tourism, railway, highway and transmission line distance must be consistent with the design of safety specifications on external safety distance requirements. Absolutely not allowed in residential areas for the production with the medicine. Plants should be located and dense solid masonry walls. There must be strict guard system, regardless of who is prohibited from any open flame is prohibited, conflagration to enter factory.
　　
(2) the factory floor. The factory of dangerous places and non-hazardous areas separately, and to ensure that adequate internal safety spacing. Manufacturing plant placement should be staggered, so that small, decentralized, and set the necessary protective barrier. Different kinds of raw materials should be stored in the warehouse. Product discharge test site, production waste destruction point and production shop and warehouse space to keep the necessary security.
　　
(3) the structure of the building. Civil explosives, fireworks factory building of fire hazardous areas and buildings should be consistent with the architectural design of fire safety norms. Plant structure should be consistent with the explosive, explosive, less dust. The ground should be flexible, conductive and non-occurrence of sparks. Interior wall should be smooth, smooth, no crack.
　　
(4) layout. Civil explosives, Fireworks and production should, as far as possible, the use of advanced technology, particularly dangerous processes should quarantine action. A-level dangerous plant should be a stand-alone single, independent settings. Necessary institution has suspended, explosion-proof wall isolation, or in explosive. Interim library storage should be limited and shall not, and the institution has suspended the production plants. Should to the greatest extent possible to reduce the plant's deposit charge and operations staff. The per capita use of the plant shall be not less than 3.5m2.
　　
(5) evacuation: civil explosives, fireworks factory should be more doors, many security window. The farthest point to safe work export marginOff, press the respective risk rating should not be less than 5 m or 8m. Plant in main channel width should not be less than the other channel width 1.2m should not be less than 1.0m. Plants should be made to the outer side-hinged door, interior door width no pins, no less than 1.2m. The door shall have a threshold, the door should not be set.
　　
2) prevention of colliding, friction or measures to combat occur on Mars
　　
(1) workshop on building to the ground without combustion, into artificial room for anyone to wear shoes with nails. Shop window and door hardware fittings should use not combustion material.
　　
(2) where pyrotechnic workshop, production appliances should be used in wood, copper or aluminium material. The prohibition of the use of iron, enamel, porcelain, stone-made equipment, containers and tools.
　　
(3) production studios have anti-sand measures applied in the manufacture of raw materials, semi-finished products should be safe, avoid mixing with any impurities.
　　
(4) pressure drug, drug, cutting and assembling fuse and process job should strictly implement procedures to prevent the severe impacts, friction caused by combustion and explosion. Cleaning equipment and workshop of gunpowder, explosive dust for wet cleaning.
　　
(5) should not be using Sun's method of drying pyrotechnic, baking with open fire is strictly forbidden. Should adopt the hot radiator or heating oven, hot-air oven radiator or heating should have temperature alarm device in order to ensure that the drying temperature does not exceed the prescribed value.
　　
3) prevention of chemical energy by combustion and explosion
　　
(1) some civil explosives, Fireworks and raw materials (pyrotechnic) and the oxygen in the air or water in contact with the chemical reaction occurs and emits heat. This chemical can also be caused by the explosion of spontaneous combustion, pyrotechnic, should guard. Such as aluminum, aluminum-magnesium alloy powders and metal powder with the pyrotechnic and water or steam from contact with chemical reaction occurs, which emits heat and produces hydrogen, may cause burning, explosion.
　　
(2) civil explosives, Fireworks, pyrotechnic in custody in waterproof. Preparation of pyrotechnic should immediately processed into a bright Pearl, and spread open place to dry as soon as possible. Dry the drug content of water not higher than 1.5% to library collection.
　　
(3) Fireworks in producing bright Pearl wet process, the adhesive should be controlled at pH 6-9, prevent metal powder and its violent reaction occurs.
　　
(4) sort out from the workshop of dust, debris and waste products should be in the day is divided into small quantities, by the specialist is responsible for complying with the provisions in the specified locations and destroy it. Absolutely not allowed to be flammable, explosive waste buried in the ground or into water.
　　
(5) to enter the danger zone of the vehicle exhaust pipe mouth should spark arrester.
　　
4) fire-fighting equipment
　　
Practice has proved that civil explosives, Fireworks and production there are many signs of accident, you can immediately use fire equipment fighting and get effective control. Therefore, fireworks factory production enterprises should be based on the size, layout, architecture workshop fire resistance ratings and equipped with fire hydrant, hand carry fire pumps, fire extinguishers and other fire extinguishing equipment. Particularly prone to burning accident of the plant should also have automatic sprinkler system. Fireworks workers work in operation near placement posts a bucket of fire-fighting water, in many cases is also an effective fire protection measures.
　　
Of course, the raw material in products or substances which can cause a fire, explosion's plant in, you should not set the fire water system.
　　
Civil explosives, Fireworks, pyrotechnic, etc. are difficult to extinguish a fire, all staff should immediately withdraw from the scene of the accident, so as to avoid unnecessary deaths and injuries.

【 Weak current College 】 electrical fire-explosion hazardous areas-electrical equipment-Power By 【 China power house network 】

Electrical equipment and wiring of electrical discharge or electrical equipment surface temperature is too high can cause explosive mixtures. In order to guarantee security, according to the electrical equipment and wiring and electrical equipment produced by EDM surface of the heating temperature, take all measures to enable these explosion-proof electrical equipment and wiring in explosion hazardous areas. An explosion hazardous areas by type and grade of explosion hazardous areas, is flammable and explosive substances in the production, use and storage process, be able to form an explosive mixture, or explosive mixtures can be intrusive. According to the likelihood of accidents and their consequences, risk and physical condition, the explosion hazardous areas classified as second class five levels, with a view to taking appropriate measures to protect against electrical equipment and wiring explosion and fire. First class: a gas or vapour explosion explosive mixture of dangerous places, divided into three levels. Q a 1 level places: under normal circumstances can form explosive mixtures in the workplace, it includes the normal driving, running, stopping, for example open loading, unloading, etc. Q a 2-level places: under normal circumstances could not form, but only in unusual circumstances can form explosive mixtures. Abnormal situation including plant or equipment of accident damage, improper operation, maintenance and installations or equipment dismantling, repair, etc. Q a 3-level places: is not normally the whole space formation of explosive mixtures are less likely. The second category: there is dust or the explosion of an explosive mixture of fiber dangerous places, classified as level 2. G a 1 level places: under normal circumstances can form explosive mixtures. For example: aluminium powder, flour, sulfur powder and other production equipment of internal space, powdered plastic, resins, etc. of air drying equipment in the space. G a 2-level places: under normal circumstances could not form an explosive mixture. That is, 6 1 production equipment of the factory interior space to a 2-level 6. The second explosion-proof electrical equipment of the type of explosion-proof electrical equipment, explosion-proof safety (A flag), explosion-proof (symbol B), explosion-proof filling oil type (mark G), explosion-proof ventilation inflatable type (mark E), explosion-proof safety Sparks (mark H), explosion (symbol T). 1 · the nature of the explosive mixtures use explosion-proof electrical equipment if you already know the explosive mixtures, use explosion-proof electrical equipment can use table 3 a 7 to the explosive mixture is in the first few lines, which column, and then in the table 3 a 8 select suitable explosion-proof electrical equipment. If in the same place within multiple explosive mixtures should be selected according to the risk of explosion-proof electrical equipment. For General site with explosion risk, also can choose the most common model, B3c, B3d-motor, B3c, B4c-lighting and COe, AOd-explosion-proof switch. In this way, only a few substances such as water, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon disulphide, selection is required further consideration, for the vast majority of explosive mixtures are satisfied. This is generally the production of these models.

【 Weak current College 】 how to improve the city's water supply planning, fire protection engineering---Power By 【 China power house network 】

How to improve the city's water supply planning, fire protection engineering
With the rapid development of the city, urban fire facilities more and more important in the prevention and suppression fire plays a decisive role. Construction of urban fire services mainly include the fire site, fire exits, fire service, fire communications and fire power. Fire service is an important part of fire protection engineering. In order to effectively prevent and fight the city fire in a timely manner, you must attach great importance to urban fire planning and construction of water supply facilities.
Urban fire water mainly has three categories: ① urban water supply pipe network setting of the fire hydrant; ② pools, wells, fountain, artificial water reservoirs, etc.; ③ rivers, lakes, oceans, pond, River Valley and other natural waters. One of the first type of water source is the most important source of water, other sources of fire is assisted water sources.
1. at present, China's urban fire water supply problems in 1, urban water lack at present, China's urban water systems generally use uniform water supply system, that is, life, production, fire-fighting water share the same pipeline transport. With the rapid development of urban construction, the water shortage has been plagued by a significant part of the city, some cities even domestic water sometimes are not protected, not to fire with water. Lack of water will lead directly to municipal fire water there is no reliable protection in the event of a major fire, often due to lack of fire-fighting water so that the Fire Department in passive, greatly increases the difficulty of extinguishing. 2. urban fire water pipe system transportation water capacity now urban local area network of the water capacity, there is no guarantee that the fire water the water pressure, water, these areas mainly include the old town, suburban, part of the higher terrain. In the old town, due to historical reasons, pipe layout is not reasonable, water capacity has been unable to meet the needs of urban development and people's living standards development and pipeline stale, serious leakage, do not meet old town fire water requirements. If the anshun, Ziyun County guanling etc, narrow roads, terrain, architectural fireproof grade low, most of the water distribution network, branched and smaller diameter, flexibility in transferring water pipe network is very poor, often there is insufficient or shut off the water. A considerable part of the pipeline stale, poor quality, bear the impact of high pressure water stream, when the request pipeline pressurization of fire extinguishing, severely restricted. In addition, because of the rapid development of the city, the rapid expansion of the population and distribution imbalances, together with the improvement of living standards, per capita consumption increased, some cities in the planning of water supply network, take in the low water standards, planning of pipe diameter with development needs, network expanded and reconstructed speed or pace, it is difficult to guarantee the fire service. Number 3, hydrant maintenance is not good enough, and through the fire hydrant water remains the basic fire General at home and abroad. The number of urban outdoor hydrant generally shortfall quantities large enough, and has become a prominent fire water supply. In addition, the fire hydrant maintenance management were not good enough. Existing fire hydrants by specifications construction construction, the sabotage or dilapidated but cannot use that city construction or road reconstruction and was buried, was occupy or dismantling. These conditions can make it in the fire cannot play, delay time, thus extinguishing the fire lead to catastrophe in small, causing enormous economic losses. In addition, there are some units open fire hydrant water intake privately individuals, not only causing extensive water waste, but also affected the fire water normal access.
4, to the artificial body of water and natural water body construction and management not enough cities of artificial sources of water and natural water sources, such as fire pool, fountain, water wells, reservoirs, rivers, etc, is an important city fire water, alternate water source should be pay attention to this aspect of building management. In some cities there are quite a few focus fire units not in accordance with the regulatory requirements set fire water tank, although setting a fire water tank but water tank capacity. Some water tank or water wells in the middle of the buildings, fire engine could not access. In the old town, residents of the housing density, water supply pipe diameter is small, and pipeline stale, can not meet the requirements for fire pressure depends on the hydrant is too great. While most of these areas is not set for alternate sources of public fire water tank and, therefore, in the event of a fire, easy because of water shortage causing small fire disaster. Second, municipal fire planning if planning water supply planning 1, speeding up construction of urban water resources shall be based on various urban realities of local water resources, develop practical water planning, moderately advanced use of water standards, meet evolving urban construction needs. For large water deficit zone, should speed up planning construction of waterworks, reasonable arrangement of waterworks, revamp old water mill, improve system capacity. Small area or local water deficit zone, especially in remote towns and villages in some urban areas, specifically planning regulation pond, water, nighttime supplementary guarantees during the day and peak water supply requirements. 2, strong new urban water supply network and reconstruction of old town network in doing a water treatment plant construction at the same time, should strengthen the construction of water distribution system. Cities should adopt pipe water supply, and reasonable water partition, partition to connected dry pipe connections, improve water supply reliability of each partition. In urban construction process must be planned and systematic way to urban water supply for reasonable technological transformation, on the pipeline network structure is optimized adjustment to achieve optimal scheduling, real-time computer on the network of monitoring of water, water, strengthened pipes leak, and minimize water accidents, improve the distribution of water. In water supply piping design and construction, pipe diameter of must conform to life, production, fire fighting, and other aspects of integrated requirements, the city's construction, and other relevant departments to strengthen management and to ensure that water and fire water supply pressure. Planning recommendations for urban roads in particular laying pipe under the road, should make the necessary provisions, City Road to pipe diameter not less than 300 mm; internal road in the community, in accordance with the provisions, should be installed in the location of the hydrant, its water supply pipe diameter not less than 200 mm in General, there is a fire pump inside the community, its diameter shall not be less than 100 mm. 3. miningTo take effective measures to ensure the fire water supply pressure city water supply network pressure usually General can meet the requirements, but in some relatively high area, old town and the water pressure pipe network peripheral is often difficult to meet fire protection requirements. For current fire system, it is recommended that the low pressure in the supply pressure lower areas and areas of particular importance in connection with the development construction or renovation, construction set booster pumping station and water distribution, and the best of life, booster pumping station in-process water, as water storage tank fire water tank, saving investment, ensuring water quality. When a fire occurs, pressure pump station and immediately start to form a temporary water supply network in the region of high pressure, ensuring the fire directly water requirements of water and water pressure, so that the fire loss reduced to a minimum. 4, attached great importance to the construction and management of outdoor hydrant
Now the country most cities hydrant number, have become a fire service problems in the urgent need to address. For the future of whole development zone, the requirements for construction and development departments in strict accordance with the planning of laying pipes and hydrants synchronized, calls in one step, do not owe the new account. Hydrant should set along the road, as close as possible to the crossroads, spacing should not be greater than 120 m, protection RADIUS is less than 150 meters. Planning proposals in the old town in the housing density, a long number of roadway area fire hydrant spacing of not more than 120 m; urban road width greater than 60 meters above the sea on both sides of the road is not more than 120 m in accordance with the requirements set fire hydrant. On some tall buildings, industrial plants and important buildings, should follow the specifications set dedicated outdoor hydrant and pump adapter.
Give full attention to the fire hydrant maintenance management. Municipal fire departments and water supply, and construction departments coordinate fire hydrant building and ongoing management of maintenance, and place the construction of the fire hydrant into the unified management, maintenance, a clear division of responsibilities, and to set up a dedicated body responsible for checks and maintenance to establish card management system, regularly organized detection, damaged fire hydrant shall promptly repair, ensure that the fire hydrants in good condition, at any time in the operational status. Fire hydrant mobile or removed must be reported to public security and fire fighting supervisory body for approval. In addition, the strengthening of other departments dedicated the construction of water intake point, avoiding the private opening fire hydrants. 5, earnest do a fire water tank construction and management in the city's old town, the poor conditions of fire, the housing density, fire resistance rating of low, narrow roads, water mains and hydrants outdoors to often can not meet the requirements of the fire with water. As a traditional fire water tank for fire measures, in terms of these areas is a more effective, the necessary fire facilities, but very few settings. Therefore you should land planning and construction of these public fire water tank, each fire water tank capacity should be at least 100 ~ 300 cubic meters. Planning suggestions in there or requirements set indoor and outdoor fire pump station, should be considered in conjunction with the construction of the pump station fire water tank. Fire water tank water can be taken from the municipal water distribution, and access to natural sources of water. The best fire water tank and production, domestic water tank-in-built, and requires not only as their own, when approaching the building or in the event of a fire, to pass the pipes, fire hydrant water fight. Fire water tank capacity must comply with the specifications, and life, process water pool-Perkins, measures should be taken to ensure that fire not passive with water. Fire water tank construction should stay out of fire when the near distance from the building passage 15m above, ensure fire water height not exceeding 6m, does not exceed the scope of protection, establishment of clear 150m logo, is strictly prohibited. Strengthening the management of fire water tank. First of all clear responsibility unit or responsibility, to develop and implement fire water reservoir management cleaning system to prevent the fire water reservoir sedimentation due to various factors, the deterioration of water quality. In urban planning and development process, fire water tank should be combined with urban square or large public in front of the fountain, public green areas and parks in pool construction, such as settings, so you can beautify the urban environment and can be used as a supplementary source of fire. Urban fire services related to the State, the people of life and property safety, always facing the ongoing challenge of urban fire, we should constantly improve urban fire facilities, to fight fires in favourable conditions, effective protection. Urban fire plan guides the construction of urban fire facilities, including city fire water supply facilities of the building is an integral and important part of, should cause sufficient attention. Fire in urban planning and construction of water supply facilities, must be combined with the overall urban planning of water supply planning, taking into account the economic, security, interoperability, usability and extraordinary requirements to ensure urban fire water safety and reliability.

【 Weak current College 】 on fire sealing---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Summary: on fire sealing of the instance, the existing fire norms, common problems and fire sealing material types, performance, and provides a brief introduction and analysis, and proposed construction requirements and acceptance.
Tags: architecture; Fire prevention; Sealing
Building fire protection is active and passive two means. For passive fire protection, from the design point of view, China and most other countries of the building code or fire codes are provided for building and decoration materials combustion performance indicators, fire separation (such as walls, floors, etc., for horizontal and vertical segregation), fire district area, the fire resistance of building elements, such as for building fire and spread for control and prevention. But because of building internal use and construction needs, building construction, its interior will have a large number of construction pipeline in floor and wall between vertical and horizontal cross (such as ventilation and air conditioning ducts, smoke pipes, water supply pipelines, heat and power and other process piping, etc), floor and wall, wall and wall joints between are present. These through the holes and seams of fireproofing for the effective prevention of the spread of fire and smoke is also very important.
1 fire instance
(1) Korea Seoul 21 layer of burning House Hotel, due to the second floor of the Café LPG cylinder explosion fire, for building air conditioning shafts and other pipe wells are not blocked, and no horizontally tiered take fire separate measures that Fireworks through the pipe shaft spreading rapidly to the top level. When the fire first 11-layer scaling up, the flame from "skyscraper" spread down the Hall, the whole building soon formed a ablaze. 163 deaths caused by fire, 60 injured.
(2) of the 26 United States Las Vegas MGM Grand Hotel as layer electrical short circuit caused the fire, because building stairwells, elevator shaft was not set before room, various smoke vertical tube well and gap has not taken measures, fire-resistant partition resulting Fireworks through these rapidly spread up the shaft road, in a very short time, smoke engulfed the entire hotel building, roll straight up to the top on, about 150 meters. Fire caused 84 deaths, injuries, losses, 679, lesson.
(3) the Swan Hotel in Harbin 11 layers of fire that destroyed most of the decoration, furniture and electrical facilities, resulting in 10 people dead, 7 wounded, serious economic losses. Due to the hotel building pipeline across the floor hole useless cement mortar fire blocking tight,, from time to time to drop the following floor, thanks to the timely discovery of Mars, take precautions, it did not lead to a fire.
2 fire blocking common problems and hazards
Although national norms on fire blocking some of the provisions, but in some project execution is not strict, for building new materials, new technology, the existing standard lag, no clearly established. In the daily fire supervision, the main problems found are:
(1) through the firewall, floor of piping around the crack is not filled in all the design and materials;
(2) cable and pipeline well across the floor are used according to specification, the equivalent of fire resistance of the floor is not burning body for fireproofing, and rooms, corridors, etc. connected through the void of holes, their burning materials not used are not filled in, all, some in the pipeline for maintenance without carefully separated or compacting;
(3) some firewalls do not seal the gaps at the top, or opening;
(4) the construction of the wall joints, floor and wall between the seamless and not sealing;
(5) some glass curtain wall and each floor, wall cracks not blocking at or close to fill it;
(6) the fire door bright window can not reach the appropriate fire resistance requirements, some of the top and side sealing closed position;
(7) fire shutter top or sides of voids or cavities blocking is not strict, some sealing material is not up to the fire curtain of fire resistance requirements;
(8) closed bridges, trestle and the building at the junction of the door is not set to prevent the spread of fire protection facilities;
(9) wire, cable through the hole of the fire wall; not plugging
(10) the use of high-rise buildings to drain through the floor of plastics, the firewall is not set collar, and so on.
The existence of these problems, necessarily affects the vertical and horizontal direction of fire smoke separated, reduce the margin of the fire separation, so that the smoke and fire spread throughout the building, resulting in significant property damage and personal injury accidents.
3 fire sealing material classification, performance, and General construction method
Fireproof sealing materials for a variety of cross-cutting and unprotected openings to limit heat, fire, gas and smoke from spreading. Fireproof sealing materials according to the composition and performance characteristics into inorganic fire blocking materials, organic fire blocking and flame package; According to the fire resistance is divided into levels (≥ 3 h), level II (≥ 2 h), three-level (≥ 1 h). Its physical and chemical properties of technical indicators shown in table 1. (1) organic fire blocking materials (commonly known as the "fire-clay"). To synthetic resin for adhesive, with fire retardant, packing, rolled into material, the product is divided into intumescent (5 x to 10 x) and two non-swelling. With plasticity and flexibility; Long not curing, can be cut, rubbing, plugging holes of various shapes, construction and maintenance more convenient. In order to guarantee such as cable class through the heat, you can use the intumescent blocking without blocking.
When a fire occurs, blocking expansion, the cracks or smaller hole blocking tight, effectively prevent fire spread and smoke propagation. Some fire for a specific period of time up to 3 h, this blocking materials mainly used in pipes or wires, cables through the hole fire blocking project, in most cases and inorganic fire blocking materials, flame package. Use the blocking knead even after evenly with full cavity.

(2) inorganic fire blocking, also called quick-fire blocking. A fast dry cement-based, with fire retardant, refractory material, etc.After grinding, mixing. The fireproof blocking non-toxic, odorless, have good water resistance, oil resistance, simple construction method. The oxygen index is 100, Department of noncombustible materials. Fire resistance time up to 3 h above. Product on a pipe or wire, cable through the hole, and in particular the larger holes, floor hole sealing effect is good. It not only has the necessary fire resistance, but also has high mechanical strength. In closing, pipes or wires, cables, a layer of the epidermis need plugging sealing material with organic, so that through the matter of maintenance and replacement. The blocking materials in the construction of the first according to the desired size of plugging holes, estimate the amount of blocking, and blocking release of containers by 1: (0.6 ~ 0.7) joined the clear water mixing ratio into a paste for immediate use, such as the amount is large, typically fractional completed. Each time stirs the volume at around 5 kg. On a larger hole sealing, the available amount of reinforced to increase their strength, sealing thickness as needed, generally not less than 15 cm.
(3) fire package. The flame shapes such as pillows, also called fire pillow. Is non-combustible or fire-retardant fabrics turn into all kinds of constraint, the package of construction, can be entirely built into various forms of wall, on the most suitable for sealing of openings, it at a high temperature expansion and solidification, forming a heat seal layer of smoke, fire resistance of up to 3 h above, played the role of thermal insulation systems. Flame packs are mainly used in cable tunnels and shafts of the fire wall and isolation layer, as well as cross-cutting large holes in the block, making or removal are very convenient. Construction of the pipeline or cable epidermal Department needs and organic fire blocking. Its specifications are the following, as shown in table 2.

When using the flame package sealing cable through the hole, the hole in the cable to make necessary arrangement and alignment, and then set fire to embed packet ping service cables and cables, cables, and the blocking or the gap between the floor, like in a brick, with staggered manner and requests to fill compacted. In cable shaft hole Department use, first place at the bottom of the shaft hole and the hole size in the same piece of fire divisions, fill out the fire after the package is in the top place on the surface of the flame packs a fireproof plate or flat ground floor shops filled with a layer of 3 cm to 5 cm thickness of organic fire blocking, both to prevent fire or damage to the package and can increase the appearance.
(4) of the fire ring. The shell consists of a steel sheet stamping, Interior fire-retardant materials for expansion. Use, the flame bait in the corresponding specifications of plastic pipe and screw in the wall or floor, mainly applicable to all types of plastic pipe in its passing through walls, floors, fire blocking. Fire, fire-retardant material expansion a certain strength of carbonized layer to seal pipe burn through the formation of voids after. Its physical and chemical properties are shown in table 3.

Fireproof sealing material there are fire Board, fire-resistant sealant, flame, fire protection foam, fire, fire sealing strip, this article will not repeat them.
4 General requirements for fire blocking
(1) design of the building fire sealing materials must following national fire product quality supervision and testing center of certification qualified. Manufacturers of fire-blocking to block the use of materials, construction quality technical advice and training.
(2) building floors, fire wall on a cross-cutting hole and slot sealing materials should be used for fire protection, and should reach the sealing of the original members of the fire resistance time and prevent the smoke and flame through.
(3) fire gap plugging materials should be based on the location, size, and cross-cutting in specific circumstances, such as selection of organic or inorganic plugging materials. If necessary, also with other sealing material.
(4) fire blocking, sealing materials should be able to work together with the Widget, and reached the appropriate separator widget fire resistance requirements.
(5) architectural design have chosen fire sealing materials should be used with the construction of the temperature and humidity conditions.
(6) for combustible, flammable liquid, tank or tank farm, pipeline through the fire wall and diaphragm wall should be made of non-combustible material tightly closed.
(7) fire shutter and floors, beams and walls, the gap between the columns should be used in fire-resistive material fill compacted.
(8) construction of the wall between the seamless joints, wall, floor and wall, floor and the gap between the floor and the use of fire protection material sealing dense.
(9) the buildings of the structure of gap sealing design should consider building deformation and vibration, heat stress, load, and other effects, selection of materials, and should maintain the stability of the structure itself.
5 fire sealing of construction requirements and acceptance
5.1 General provisions
Building fire sealing construction should be the design documents and technical description of the product concerned. Building fire sealing construction personnel should be professional and technical training, certificates. Before plugging materials of construction shall be individually examined specifications, model number, quantity and delivery inspection report and qualified, and made detailed records. The construction process on subtle works should be closed prior to construction, supervision, inspection, and do a subtle construction records.
5. cross-cutting parts of fire-blocking 2
(1) non-combustible materials through-hole fire sealing used corresponds to the walk through the fire resistance of separated body and other inorganic materials will Fui Sha run through the holes filled around. Larger holes should be reinforced, so that it fills the part and separated body has the same strength. The gap with soft noncombustible materials or mortar fill closely. Horizontal gap separating the body through parts of larger and use of non-combustible material solidification, the application is the same as with the separation of the fire resistance of fire panels at the bottom of contrast, fire Board should meet the same fixed fire resistance and strength requirements. Surfaces must be smooth, filler should firmly, and the temperature does not fall off.
(2) cable through the hole fire blocking should be strictly in accordance with the relevant requirements, use Fui Sha or concrete fill remainder of perforation, soft porous applications subject to thermal expansion of fire blocking tight sealing. Through-hole larger should be reinforced atRegulating or adopt and separated in the same fire resistance rating of fire panels at the bottom of contrast, it may not be lower than the separate structural strength. Cable Tray protection, should remove the cable cover, will fire blocking fill to the cable, and shall not have any gaps. Soft fire blocking both sides should be used is greater than the area of fire panels flip, fire Board and separated between the application of high-strength screw fastening. With flame package sealing, construction before finishing cable, check that there is no damage fire package, construction, should be wrapped around the cables with a layer of organic material, fireproof blocking will flame package ping service to embed cable voids, the cross-fire, ensure that the package making firm and smooth.
(3) on the plastic pipeline runs through the hole to fire blocking, separate body-collar, plastic pipe laying, will run through parts of pore mortars or fire clay tight sealing. Collar of the non-embedded, it should be run through parts of pore mortars or fire clay tight sealing, and vulnerable to fire threat parts installed collar. Collar should be securely installed and the temperature does not fall off.
5. the 3 fire blocking structural joints
Structural joints applied fire protection materials tight plastic packing, and firmly fixed. Bottom of contrast are separated, it made the fire performances and the fixation should satisfy and separated in the same fire resistance rating. Horizontal separator in vitro dew part should be sufficient for truck loads of noncombustible materials cover.
5.4 fire inspection
(1) the construction units to construction unit submitted the report fire blocking completion, concealed work record, fireproofing material factory inspection report and quality reports, construction site quality inspection results and other information. Building fire blocking acceptance should be determined by the construction unit organizational design, construction, project management agency technical staff, and the conclusions in the acceptance signed under seal.
(2) on-site examination, fireproof sealing should meet the following requirements: fireproof sealing, no obvious gaps, crack and fall off phenomena; Fire barrier installation firm, no gap, gap, formed good-looking appearance; Organic fire blocking blocking should be firmly sealed, no air leakage, leaked, cracking, peeling, surface should be flat and smooth, not powder, hardening and cracking defects; Inorganic fire blocking materials in the absence of support, the appearance of the surface should be flat and smooth, no shrinkage cracks, no mixed uneven phenomenon. Cable between and around cracks should be tightly sealing; Fire-resistant sealant smooth surface without shrinkage, no cracks, and ensure that gaps do not come off the surface; Flame package stuffing should be dense and firm, on the side to opaque for qualified, neat appearance to; Self-adhesive fire taping requirement as stack half uniform winding, should not have release the phenomenon; Collar should require installation.
(3) public security and fire fighting supervisory body acceptance, and engineering conduct overall acceptance of synchronization, and press the number of sub-items 5% of spot checks. All items less than or equal to 5, should all check acceptance, in accordance with the relevant requirements of qualified or unqualified.

【 Weak current College 】 smoke ventilation audit diagram elements

Residential building ventilation: smoke,

A type of construction, over 32 m in the second category of buildings (other than residential unit and tonglangshi) should fortification smoke staircase. 19 layer and above storeyed, 12 layer and above tonglangshi residential smoke stairs should be fortified.

Smoke in front of the stairs and elevator room, fire and combined with former room facilities should be fortified smoke. Total area of greater than 200 m2 or a room area is greater than 50 sqm and often some people stay or fuel more basement. Basement has a length greater than 20M evacuation should smoke within the aisle. Set mechanical smoke extraction should be located in the basement of the air supply systems, exhaust air volume of not less than the premium volume of 50%. Smoke exhaust facilities should be conducted with natural ventilation for smoke and smoke. When the natural ventilation system does not meet the requirements for mechanical smoke and smoke.

Smoke from the exhaust port in the most distant points of horizontal distance shall not exceed 30 metres, two exhaust mouth should not be greater than the distance between 60 meters. smoke staircase and vestibule, fire the elevator room and combined with former room should be set independent mechanical pressurization smoke control facilities. Mechanical pressurization smoke control facilities of the air flow, pressure should be determined by the calculation of the regulatory requirements. But when the smoke has a staircase is equipped with mechanical pressurization of independent front room open flue facilities. Smoke control in high-rise construction stair supply outlet every 2 ~ 3 tier one, non-tall buildings smoke stair supply outlet at intervals of 1 ~ 2 tier one. General use since the vertical louver 600X400, former room and combined with former rooms on each floor a diffuser.

Smoke staircases and combined with former Chamber of mechanical pressurization system should be set separately. Scissors stairs can be combined with a duct, the wind shall be adjusted according to the edition of two staircases air flow calculation, supply outlet set. Tower residential sets a scissors stairs before the Chamber should set the pressurization system.

Mechanical pressurization smoke control facilities of the air flow: exhaust fan burden smoke partition: ¡ý 60M3/h m2 more than two: ¡ý 120M3/h maximum flue gas volume meters: 60000M3/h minimum exhaust gas volume: 7200M3/h smoke staircase (front rooms are not air) of pressurized air supply: 20 layers: 25000 ~ 30000M3/h20 ~ 32 layers: 35000 ~ 40000M3/h smoke staircases and combined with former room air pressure difference: 20 layers: smoke staircase 16000 ~ 20000M3/h with former room 12000 ~ 16000M3/h20 ~ 32 layers: smoke staircase 20000 ~ 25000M3/h with former room 18000 ~ 22000M3/h fire lift front room of pressurized air supply: (upper floors before the Chamber does not need to set up mechanical pressurization, basement room available from smoke floor shave between more than through the pressure valve to maintain the former room 600x200 pressure) £ ¼ 20 layers: 15000 ~ 20000M3/h20 ~ 32 layers 22000 ~ 27000M3/h Note: air data between each compression a double door, when the single door, its air * 0. 75. Two double door, air flow rate * 1. 5 ~ 1. 75.

Smoke staircase with natural gas, its former room/share before pressurization air flow: 20 layers: 22000 ~ 27000M3/h20 ~ 32 layers: 28000 ~ 32000M3/h Note: air data compression according to each one between 2.0x1.6 double door, when the single door, its air X0. 75. Two double door, its air X1. 5 ~ 1. 75. Central Hall Office volume in the exhaust system: "1700M3, six times per hour ventilation calculation. Central Hall volume ≥ 1700M3, press 4 times per hour, but the ventilation must not be less than the 102000M3/H.

Metal exhaust duct wall thickness: wind Daoist priest variable edge "450mm: 0.5mm; 450 ~ 740: 0.6mm; 750 ~ 1500: 0.8mm; 1500 ~ 2000: 1.0mm. Need for mechanical smoke extraction facilities and building height not exceeding 6 m in parts, should divide the smoke partition. Each smoke partition area should not exceed 500 m2. Smoke partition should not be cross fire partitions. Set mechanical smoke extraction facilities of the site, the amount of exhaust smoke exhaust fan should be consistent with the normative requirements.

Mechanical smoke extraction system should correspond with the fire district. Landscape through the exhaust pipe fire compartment in the crossing should automatically close of 280 degrees centigrade fire dampers, vertical cross fire partitions of exhaust pipes should be set within the tube.

Set mechanical smoke extraction system, should have the wind in the basement. Fill the air volume of not less than 50% of the amount of exhaust smoke, wind path of air resistance is not greater than when using natural 50PA wind window, or wind machine should be used.

Outdoor exhaust vents and outdoor repair outlet horizontal distance not less than 10 meters, the vertical distance not less than 3 metres and invigorating air inlet and exhaust vents should be lower. Indoor normally closed exhaust vents, air intake can automatically turn on, it should also be set manually opening device.

Mechanical smoke extraction system, exhaust valve and exhaust vents should be smoke partition settings. Exhaust vents should be set in the ceiling or wall near the ceiling. Exhaust outlet from the smoke partition farthest point level should not exceed 30 m. Exhaust vents, exhaust valve chain with the exhaust fan.

Exhaust fan should consider 10% ~ 20% of the amount of air leakage. Wind pressure calculation according to the most negative loop. Exhaust fan inlet should have 280 degrees centigrade fire dampers and smoke exhaust fan chain. Exhaust fan, fan yishe in the engine room. Smoke exhaust pipelines generally should not be crossing the front room, stairs. Mechanical air supply pipe, exhaust pipes, exhaust vents, air winds should meet: metal duct: ¨q 20M/S non-metallic duct: ¨q 15M/S exhaust mouth ¨q 10M/S air ¨q 7M/S. Mechanical smoke extraction system should and ventilation, air conditioning with separate settings to the Tuyere, duct, fans should meet the requirements of the exhaust system. Fires should be able to automatically shut down and smoke-independent ventilation, air conditioning system. Ventilation, air conditioning system with air duct through fire District Office, passing through the engine room partition wallOffices, floors, cross joints on both sides and deformation of horizontal wind pipe and vertical wind pipe junction of the horizontal wind pipe should be set on fire dampers 70 ℃. Fire damper within 2 m on both sides of the duct and insulation materials for otherwise. Garage, gas meters, power transformation and distribution, and other flammable, explosive substances in the room, the ventilation system should be set independently. Garage exhaust:

Underground garage in the area of more than 2000 square meters, it should be set mechanical smoke extraction system. Each smoke partitions of the building area is not more than 2000 square meters. ACH/h is not less than 6 times. No direct path to outdoor car evacuation of the fire prevention Division, when setting the exhaust system shall be set at no less than 50% of the amount of exhaust smoke wind system. Exhaust vents, ducts, air blower, ibid.

Electrical and equipment room ventilation:

Conditions give priority to the use of natural ventilation. Use of mechanical ventilation, ventilation capacity according to device calorific values, allows the calculation to determine the temperature and humidity should fill the air.

Bathroom: toilet ACH not less than 10/H, toilet ACH/H is not less than 5 times.

Garage: when the distribution of available open window or an open vehicle entrances, mechanical ventilation, natural inlet of the ventilation system. You should also set the machine into the exhaust system.

Ventilation exhaust volume: residential building-story garage press 4 times the number of ventilators,/h or 300m3/h. Ventilation of the air flow: exhaust volume of 80%. In order to adapt to changes in ventilation load, the fan should be used in multiple parallel or inverter fan.

Duct and fan: fan air volume to calculate the air leakage rate plus 10%. Wind pressure for the system total pressure plus 10% of added value.

Ventilation of the engine room and accommodation, classroom, etc. Fan should be installed in Venetian style or petal-type control valve to adjust air volume and air pressure.

The segment of air duct pressure should be balanced, the parallel branch pipe of the pressure difference between allowing no more than 15%, you should set the control valve.

Noise and vibration: set in the basement ventilation room, the engine noise less than 80db, floors in wind room, the engine noise less than 70db. Ceiling fan use Spring hanger, fan and export and wind pipes canvas soft connector.

Outdoor network: outdoor heating hot water pipe with buried pipe, elbow pipe 6 ~ 12 meters, the nominal diameter DN25 ~ DN800, coat with high density polyethylene, 2 ~ 8 mm wall thickness. Insulation layer polyurethane rigid plastic, thickness 27 ~ 35 mm.

Selection: 1 in the pipeline, DN ¡ü 150, medium temperature ≤ is 200 degrees centigrade, nominal pressure ¡ü1 .0MPa, optional water pipe or steel pipe. Nominal pressure gravity(25℃) > 1.0Mpa or medium temperature gravity(25℃) > 200 ℃, should use seamless steel pipe. 2, DN = 200 ~ 500, medium temperature ≤ 450 ℃, nominal pressure ≤ 1.6Mpa, optional spiral seam steel pipe or steel pipe. Otherwise the only seamless.

Gas design:

Large municipal gas pressure in the pressure A (0.4 ~ 0.2MPA), pressure regulating station/box surge, for boiler room pressure for MV B (18KPA), pressure regulating station/tank pressure regulator, for residential pressure is low (¡ü 10KPA, usually 2KPA).

To save cost, should, as far as possible, adopt the surge tank.

Indoor express Pack gas pipes: pipes using hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, thread connection. Introduction of pipes and underground, semi basement and sealed room, seamless steel tubes in tube well. Introducing dry tube not in the bedroom, bathroom, toilet, various types of rooms, flue duct, smoke stairwells, Elevator, etc. Indoor pipes should try to rely on corner layout, the pipeline must not interfere with the exhaust outlet, blocking window opening, use and other electric equipment.

【 Weak current College 】 on fire damper, exhaust valve engineering quality

First, the fire damper, exhaust valve main use

Senior and other modern buildings are mostly equipped with ventilation, air conditioning and smoke control system, in the event of fire, these systems of pipeline will become the flame and smoke spread of channel. In order to prevent fire spread through the air pipe, in the architectural design fire protection standard "GBJ16-87 and the tall buildings design fire protection standard" GB50045-95 are clearly provides the fire damper, exhaust valve set requirements.

Fire damper used for ventilation, air conditioning system, ventilation pipes, usually are opened, when the event fires, the pipeline gas temperature 70 ° c is to shut down, and over time to meet fire resistance stability and fire requirements, since every other smoke fire effect. Exhaust valves used in exhaust system pipes or exhaust fan of suction at the entrance, is turned off, when a fire occurs, through the fire alarm signal opens valve manually or automatically, depending on the system functions with smoke, when pipe flue gas temperature reached 280 ° c are automatically turned off, and at one time, meet fire resistance stability and fire requirements, since every other smoke fire effect.

Second, the fire damper, exhaust valve in ventilation, air conditioning and smoke control system in the important role of

Fire dampers include gravity fire damper, fire protection control valves, fire valves pneumatic air, fire, smoke fire dampers, electronic controlled smoke fire damper, exhaust valve products; including exhaust fire damper, exhaust orifice plate (ceiling), shaft with exhaust vents, etc. Fire damper, exhaust valve is ventilation, air conditioning and smoke control system in the important components in the system play an important role in the following three aspects:

(A) previous smoke fire effect

In ventilation systems, air blower must be sent out through the main tube to tube; in the exhaust system, the smoke from the branch to the trunk pipe, into the exhaust fan. When building a fire, ventilation, air conditioning system, in order to prevent fire spread through the air supply system, when the air supply system gas temperature 70 ° c, fire valve bodies, valve on the fuses are rapidly closing valve, cut off the smoke and the fire spread along the pathways of the air duct. Similarly, in the exhaust system, fire, smoke, smoke exhaust valve opening, in order to cut high temperature flue gas flow in the exhaust pipe to prevent the spread of fire to another fire partition, when discharged flue gas temperature reached 280 ° c, smoke fire dampers and smoke exhaust port fuses, valve must be closed automatically, preventing smoke. This shows that the fire damper, exhaust valve did the general clauses, which breaking the fault of other tobacco flame effect.

(B) of the regulation

In ventilation, air conditioning system piping design, although the calculation, but the actual project's operation if there are any changes, you need to pass the fire damper valve parts of the system air flow adjustment system debugging, set the valve to open degree fixed, reasonable allocation to meet design requirements.

(3) no role

Ventilation and smoke extraction system all centrifugal fan and fire special exhaust axial fan installation, debugging, for security reasons, the motor start current minimum, typically no startup, through the valve temporary truncated line.

III. application of quality requirements

(A) product quality requirements

Current fire and smoke product manufacturers, we fire supervision and examination Department and design departments should be strict, let the party a selection of "three certificates" complete, qualified product, that is, to have the manufacturer's factory certification, fire authorities of product sales license, national fire building materials quality supervision and test center of product test reports. Report from the national inspection and product technical parameters to reflect the product performance and quality, which is the national standard of the fire damper test method "GB15930-1995 and the smoke fire valve test method" GB15931-1995. Its product quality requirements should be considered the five aspects:

1, test temperature sensors actions performance

On the fire damper, exhaust valve of liquid components, by constant temperature water bath, oil bath temperature, through the actions and test, test its action is required to close the temperature accurately.

2. close the reliability test

On the test bench close operation 250 times, specimen should be can't open position flexible and reliable manner in all parts should be turned off, no significant wear, deformation and damage of the seal performance. To test the reliability of off.

3, salt spray test

To the specimen in the salt spray fog test box, the specimen should be able to reliably from the open position, as a test valve closed in practical engineering corrosion resistance.

Volume 4, air leak test

Body before and after the pressure conditions, the specimen to the area of air leakage rate is not more than 700Nm3/(h? m2), in order to test the valve closes after the sealing performance.

5. fire resistance test

Through the fire resistance test, depending on time of close and air leakage rate per unit area of the two indicators to determine if the fire resistance of the valve.

Also from the product's technical parameters requires its fire resistance to 3h.

(Ii) quality requirements for installation

In the daily fire inspection and acceptance the work, the author found that because of quality problems caused by the installation of fire smoke exhaust valve open failed or failing, exhaust valve, exhaust valve, fire prevention, fire safety outlet reset difficulties, etc. This should cause construction party, note the following installation requirements.

1. fire damper, exhaust valve should strictly follow the map construction, separate set hangers, to avoid air pipe deformation at high temperatures, affect valve function.

2, valve in the ceiling or on the installation of wind road, in the ceiling or duct walls set maintenance into the hole, General-in-hole size not less than 450 × 450mm, in conditionsInspection hole when the ceiling may also be reduced to 300 × 300mm.

3, fire valves and the firewall (or floor) air duct should use δ = 1.5mm plate making, BC in the wind pipe insulation and refractory materials for external or non-combustibility material protection, to ensure that the fire performance of the firewall.

4, the valve operates machinery side should have a clear space 350mm to facilitate maintenance.

IV. fire protection, smoke exhaust valve in engineering problems

I am in the daily fire, engineering, inspection and acceptance the work, the discovery of fire, smoke exhaust valve problems following points for peer reference.

(A) fire control rooms of sent, returned to the air duct in the through-wall fire dampers are located.

In the examination process, found that some of the engineering design of sent on eliminating control room, air tube in its wall not fire dampers, and the automatic fire alarm system design code GB50116-98 first section 6.2.2. Located fire damper is designed to ensure the fire safety of fire control room.

(Ii) fire control equipment on smoke, smoke extraction facilities control, displays the function does not complete

According to the specification in section 98 GB50116-6.3.9 requirements: fire alarm after confirmation, you must stop the relevant parts of the air conditioning, close the electric fire dampers, and receive their feedback signal; at the same time start the relevant parts of the smoke and exhaust fans, exhaust valve, etc., and receive their feedback signal. Some engineering linkage control cannot partition control exhaust valve, exhaust vents, and some can not receive their feedback signal, do not reflect the valves open and close position.

(3) net gas fire extinguishing system no pneumatic fire damper.

GB50116-98 in the article: "6.3.4.3 in delay phase, should automatically close fire doors, Windows, ventilation and air conditioning systems, stopping off for parts of fire dampers. "This requires pipeline gas fire extinguishing system, you must install pneumatic fire dampers, and fire control equipment linkage. In individual projects without this feature.

(4) air and smoke exhaust and air duct without remote control

Some of the building's basement, garage with air supply and exhaust smoke with air channel, we found the blower and smoke machines before the cut-off valve only site manually, you cannot achieve the control room of the remote control, usually, blowers, its front side of the valve is opened, in the event of fire, the people to the site to shut down before fan stop valves, which are not actual, direct impact on the exhaust system. Therefore, it is recommended that the valve increases remote control function.

5. systematic commissioning and maintenance management.

Fire damper, exhaust valve in practical projects are not stand-alone smoke fire products, but in the entire fire control system has its own unique linkage logical relationship. Therefore, in order to ensure its role in fire control system, system acceptance before, according to the linkage requirements that must be fully debugged, ventilation, air conditioning and smoke systems meet code requirements. Should the specialist after acceptance for planned routine maintenance management to protect the valve body is in good condition, in smoke fire to play its role.

【 Weak current College 】 do safety accident prevention work should pay attention to some issues---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Security incident means in everyday work and life, training, fire fighting, rescue, and other administrative life, because the parties thought paralysis, management, work negligence, breach of discipline, not complying with the regulations and procedures Act resulting casualties and equipment material losses, should be envisaged without preview, you may avoid but not avoid, already foreseen but credulous can avoid, result in your State, society, and individual security events. Its characteristics are destructive, non-normal.

Fire brigade is a branch of the local economic construction, escort and engaged in various rescue work force, the resident dispersion, social management activities and training content to more demanding, mission and miscellaneous, resident of complex, thus almost accident law higher usually occurs vehicle accident, training accident, rescue incidents, continued to nourish hooliganism, lightning, flooding the surviving accidents, firearms accidents, poisoning and electric shock accident, accident, major new soldiers fled disciplinary incidents, etc.

These incidents to the military construction and functional damage is very large. First of all, accidents can weaken the impact forces fighting, stability; secondly, the accidents interferes with the normal working order troops, involve large amounts of human, material and financial resources; again, the accident damage the image and the relationship between the police forces. Therefore, safety against accidents, losses to reduce troop, consolidate and enhance combat effectiveness, maintain force stability, ensure that all fire protection tasks completed, close relations and promotion of officers and the relationship between the police, have important practical significance.
How to effectively prevent safety accidents, this is all levels of organizations are exploring the challenges. The following author security against accidents, talk about the superficial view.

I. enhance safety awareness, improving security for protection against accidents of work. Organizations at all levels to secure against accidents into the agenda, to realize: security work is building more and more important in a systematic, regular work. Only the beginning, no end, only a firm foundation for all management, always stresses the prevention of, and implementation, to increase year after year, long-term development, and everything to ensure safety. Security features of the work, you need to make concerted efforts to isolate and to close, to form an effective force, prevention of accidents.
Security education is to raise the safety awareness of officers and soldiers. Regulations spec of ten common accident prevention and safe working practices of the force, is to experience recurrent security focus of the work. In their daily work, often organizations conducting the Fire Brigade preventive interim provisions on administrative responsibility in the relevant content as well as the practical work of the security operation procedures. Education officers and firmly establish "everyone said security, everything about safety, always stresses safety". In particular, to allow each of the officers and men to understand "what season focused on the prevention of any accident, what equipment what operations essentials, what tasks have any considerations", complete any of the tasks, security, security measures intended to advance, both in the security situation when emphasizes security, but also in the security situation good cases emphasize security, achieving the "alarm".

Establish safety awareness, to strive not to leak. Recently, the Department of the Council informed of several serious accidents, two occur in major leadership body, blood lessons proves that safety education to everyone attending, safety first thoughts to everyone. Otherwise, it means that the security work of fatal corner. On the one hand to play the role of collective leadership, effective management of cadres. Leaders at all levels should take the lead in doing to comply with the safety requirements of the model, not only when the referee, athletes, only know that the Warrior, subordinate to point fingers, but do not pay attention to examine yourself; on the other hand cannot ignore the scattered workers education, fragmented officer: logistics, doormen. Because of the particularity of their work, so they are often unable to force the main activities of consistency, we carry out security education is really not missed one, can not be timely participation seriously extra lessons.

2. grasp the security vulnerabilities that are doing well in the security focus of the protection against accidents of work. Everything, there are rules to follow, security is no exception. Overall, the main fire forces in the event of an accident has the following characteristics:

First of all, from easy accident object, a leading cadres, including branch (large, medium) team leaders; the second is driving technology is not perfect or emotional instability of pilots; be fond of the three is good wine; (4) the usual discipline of so-called "citou soldiers"; five is just joined the army, the less control; six new recruits is spare time separate business training and exercises; seven is secretly swimmer; eight is travelling.
Secondly, from the time of the accident, the first exhibition, busy error in or speed too fast; the second is eight hours or weekends and holidays outside; third, fire fighting, the greater the danger, and the officers and men experience is insufficient; the fourth is a separate drive out of the driver; the fifth is high-altitude training; sixth, the hot season prone flooded dead and poisoning; 7 is the next team recruits, soldiers discharged from the period.

Once again, from the cause of the accident, caused the accident. Both the subjective and objective reasons, sometimes alone and sometimes interaction. But is the main personal factors. Generally, a strong sense of professionalism, discipline, work style solid and soldiers, accidents are less likely. And those who have political responsibility, work target low, insolent organizational discipline, not science, reckless vulnerable to accidents; skilled professional, can distress not shocked, bag, and avoid accidents, skill is not high, the operation is not proficient, the potential for accidents with dangerous, such as: a group exhibition I detachment en route accidents fully illustrates this point. In addition, the social effects of bad thoughts, leading to mental imbalance and soldiers, prone to accidents, such as the recent occurrence of detachment and other incidents of recruits fled.
To sum up, it is not difficult to see, do a security work, must be in their thoughts and attention to weaknesses in the prevention, to grasp the weak link in seizing the weak link in order to achieve targeted,Suffering from occurring in the first place.

III. implementation of the security system, not let pass a measure that is secure against accidents of work.
1, layer upon layer of security responsibility was signed, the formation of transverse to the edge, vertical to the end of the security work in the minority of power into the safety of all officers and men get together. Safe work is mass work, only the group strategy of prevention to be implemented. At work, not just of the officers, competent leadership and team members to grab; not only functional, but authorities to catch; not just the cadres, and grasping to launch soldiers. Truly secure network with the point, safety responsibility set in place, the security work to do. Squadron above units to have established a secure work leading group, ban to set up security officer. Do exception appears when someone reported that the accident a outcrop someone paying a disciplinary violation occurred when there was a tube. At the same time, the establishment of committees, departments, members of the partitioning lump sum per security mechanism, the security work as all ranks of the "common subjects". Linked to the leadership team and functional departments often participate to hook the security situation analysis, link units seek to achieve the "three well known, a guide" that is familiar with the basic information security work, the well-known problems and causes, familiar with the safety measures and the implementation guidance next safety work. Grass-roots unit relies on the Organization (party, Communist Youth League branch, armed police Commission) grab control through the team (cadres, ideological backbone team, security leadership group) management, mobilizing the masses do work, take care of your own, look after their own door and do their own thing, do the "security burden we pick, anyone shoulders targeted"

2, in the specification work order and security. According to the common regulations, the fire brigade against certain provisions of the administrative negligence and the road traffic regulations and other regulations, one is the specification for each time period of content, methods and goals. Daily to implement duty, shift, called, please sick leave clearance, checked the House through the daily life of the system, such as chashao, specification units on active service, training, work and life "four order"; weekly to implement ' left camp accommodation, yard, system, maintaining the consistency of the work. Each month we must adhere to the safety analysis, security, education, security, censorship, quarterly to implement the Security Summary report system, combined with the implementation of the system of regular visits, implementation and management of recurrent ideological work. The second is for the season and the work of the task's characteristics, the focus on prevention of the four stages: the first period after the army after the old to the new rear lower teams period, during this period, all kinds of meetings, visits to leave more cadre officers, Squadron operational strength is relatively thin, it is winter fires multiple times, ' more, Executive cars and facing two major new year's day, new year holidays, recruits added to force a comparison between the officers and men soon. Should focus on governance "pine", and after that recruits solid under the team to launch "respecting cadres" activities that promote solidarity, optimization of the internal environment. The second stage of the summer, during this period, professional training, vehicle use frequently, military recruitment, candidates thought pressure, high temperature during summer, rainy, evoked the factors of seasonally accident cases. To actively carry out rectification, "" discipline style, focus on the prevention of disciplinary and vehicles, and other incidents. The third period to training race period. Every year in October, the climax of the unit training, to high-altitude training accident prevention project included. The fourth period as soldiers demobilized, Sergeant selection period, veterans personal ideas, emotional fluctuation, to organize a working group to help to select on the detachment, Sergeant, Army veteran safety issues guidance to resolve problems and ideas of practical problems.

3, in the specification and soldiers caught in their daily behaviour. One is to transform the internal environment in which the army officers and men of learning, training, work, living standard has been fundamentally improved. Such as: local telecommunications sector coordination in camp installed IC card phone, daily necessities take centralized purchasing, implementation and soldiers Barber, a bath, a letter, phone, purchase a commodity not out of the camp. Second, the strengthening of out-of-Office personnel management, strict implementation of the relevant regulations, specifically the soldiers out must carry a "two-card" (soldier's card, travel, vacation), take two people travel together, all the specialist is responsible for the way that time is less than two hours; to visit on holiday, to specialized account considerations, specific requirements, and on relatives leave staff tracking management (build tracking management cards, etc.). The wounded and sick sick have "two cards a calendar" (a managed card, discharge card, medical records), attend training every month to the Organization on a thinking and work. The third is the reform of the system for non-commissioned officers NCOs easily lead after a few "three is not working properly" (i.e., work enthusiasm down, out frequently, and the pursuit of high consumption), "two regular work" grasping, correcting the NCO's six consciousness: soldiers of consciousness, awareness of regulations, sense of responsibility, dedication, and the sense of competition. Active training officers and soldiers stationed in life style and a healthy lifestyle and taste.
All in all, security across the various work always, always, everywhere, everything can not be careless. All officers and men to secure this root "chord" tense, active seriously do administrative accident prevention work, this is related to comprehensive military construction events, you must rectify the guiding ideology, active prevention, highlight key points, a good grasp of it. In order to maintain the stability of the force to improve combat effectiveness, successful completion of the party and the people to the various tasks.