【 Weak current College 】 LPG fire-safe transport--Power By 【 China power house network 】

Here, especially the liquefied petroleum gas from origin to the storage and distribution (supply) station, transport liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) including Pack, transport, unloading three links. Because usually uses the rail car, car car transport, auto loading cylinders for liquefied petroleum gas and pipeline transportation, transport liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is usually divided into rail car transport, auto and car transport, auto mount cylinder transport and pipeline transport four forms.
I. transport liquefied petroleum gas is dangerous
LPG is flammable, explosive, easy to produce static, and other characteristics, so that transport liquefied petroleum gas in the process is very dangerous.
1. have a fire hazard
Transport of LPG tank car tank, cylinder and gas pipeline, due to illegal actions or lack of maintenance of long-term use, cause performance loss, failure, and so on, tends to leak gas. Leaks of LPG in the diffusion of encounter various open fire, electric spark, electric spark, vehicle exhaust spout out Mars waiting for ignition. Have a fire hazard.
2. with explosion risk
In normal conditions, the liquid petroleum gas in containers in gas-liquid two phase equilibrium, by filling the container-gas pressure up to 980 kPa or more. China's vast, there are certain differences in temperature around; highway traffic not very developed, traffic accidents sometimes happen. Therefore, long distance transport of LPG vehicles are sometimes heated, strong vibration and impact, with a risk of explosion. In addition, from a tank, cylinder and gas pipeline in the leaked liquid petroleum gas, in the air concentration reaches its limit, fire explosion or there is a risk of explosion.
3. in case of fire and explosion of common cause
(1) illegal operation: illegal operation not only are the other major cause of accidents, and also contribute to LPG transport fire and explosion.
(2) traffic accident: transport liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles in the event of a major accident is often compromised LPG combustion gases, causing explosions.
(3) tanks, gas pipeline safety device is damaged, malfunctions: tanks and gas pipeline safety equipment and accessories is damaged, malfunctions, tend to produce two consequences; one is when the tank and gas pipeline in elevation to the safety relief value cannot be safety relief, explosion, leakage, emission gas explosion fire.
(4) emissions: transportation of liquefied petroleum gas of tanks, pipelines, and generally must not emit gases, an explosion occurred only where possible, allow emergency venting, emergency discharge of liquid petroleum gas, in diffusion flames in an explosion yuhuoyuan is transport liquefied petroleum gas in the event of an accident, an important reason.
(5) transport container heated explosion: shipment of LPG tank car tank cylinder, if excessive loading, and then under the Sun for a long time exposure, sometimes leak gas and fire; if in the event of fire, not in time for the cooling. Will explode.
2, fire safety measures
1. truck transport
(1) of the tank car of LPG vehicle design and manufacturing, must comply with national and relevant provisions of the Labor Department, the transport of LPG truck of pressure relief valve, emergency shut-off valve, anti-static grounding chain, safety accessories must be complete, in compliance with the safety technology requirements, and you should always check in transit, sensitive and reliable while at the same time, to prevent fire, transport of LPG truck should use explosion-proof electric appliance, the tank should be coated with eye-catching "non-pyrotechnic" red flags, the engine exhaust and wear performance of reliable spark arrester. In addition, in order to be able to timely fighting intransit initial tank fire, should also be assembling two 5 kg of dry powder fire extinguishers or 3 kg 1211 fire extinguishers.
(2) automobile tanker transport liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) must comply with State and local Government on the management and transport of chemical flammable, explosive substances and traffic safety management requirements. You should carefully check the transportation condition before, in front of the hanging of eye-catching "dangerous goods" signs, not towing trailers, no other inflammable, explosive materials. Transit through the bridge, culverts, tunnels, and other important highway traffic facilities, you should be aware of the elevation, speed, and shall remain; enter the city suburbs will comply with local public security authorities require travel time, driving directions, and not through a speed limit of important public places and the downtown area. Escort officers must follow the vehicle, shall not leave midway. Smoking is prohibited on the bus, not by other officers. Summer long distance transportation should take measures, often observe the solar tank temperature and vapor pressure of the liquid phase, when the liquid temperature up to 40 degrees should be pouring cans spray water cooling. Winter roads should not be frozen, long-distance transportation. Otherwise, you should add the tire wear anti-skid chains, the speed limit.
(3) transit, temporary parking location should be well-ventilated and away from agencies, schools, bridges, factories, warehouses and personnel-intensive sites. And important public buildings and facilities shall be maintained in a 25 meters above the safety distance, and open flame or spark of stations distributed should remain 40 meters above the security space. Midway parking, drivers or escort staff must stay car care, you may not use the open fire or energy combustion tool for maintenance. Night rest shall be when cars parked in public car park and flammable, explosive goods warehouse, near normal vehicles. Summer parking, you should avoid sunlight exposure.
(4) LPG station used truck transport liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the station set truck loading platform. Otherwise, it should be in the bottle or compression engine room leads to steam tank loading and unloading mouth. Truck loading platform and other buildings for fire safety spacing of not less than 15 metres, and LPG tank fire spacing of not less than 30 meters. Loading and unloading or loading and unloading mouth near should set the grounding resistance not less than 10 euro * cm of ground piles for electrostatic grounding before loading and unloading operations. To ensure that the fire can be timely evacuation of the tank car, tank fire disaster relief, the loading platform or loading and unloading mouth before setting not less than 15 m x 15 m carriage return field, Assembly 2 kg with 8 dry chemical fire extinguisher.
(6) truck in handling before stopping off, connect the ground wire, solid connection pipe interface, although the air. For loading and forIndustry, not powered vehicles and drain, ignition tools may not be used to be. In case of abnormal leiyutian, hydraulic, near the fire, and other threats to the safety of loading or unloading, truck stop loading and unloading operations, truck in filling liquefied petroleum gas, should carefully measure, shall be installed. Shipment of the vehicle tank car of LPG to the station, you should put it aside for at least 30 minutes, and then promptly unload liquid tank shall be put to use as a temporary storage tank shall directly from the tanker to the air cylinder. Tanker unloading liquid, tank should be left more than 49 kPa or more, so that the air enters the pressure tank to form the explosion hazard.
(7) truck unloading liquid should be parked in a dedicated truck depot shall be in other places free parking, truck garage should be fire-resistant grade I and II buildings, and civil construction and fire separation should not be less than 30 meters, and workshop, warehouse fire spacing should not be less than 12 metres. Libraries should have good ventilation, lighting and other electrical equipment should be consistent with explosion-proof requirements, and should be equipped with more than 8 kg 2 fire extinguishers. The library is forbidden in the basement Underdrain, set, prohibits repair vehicles, prohibition of storage of other flammable, explosive materials.
2. rail car transport
(1) LPG railway tanks for the design, manufacture, use, maintenance and operation shall comply with national and labour, railway and chemical requirements. Tank should be coated with eye-catching "no smoke" red flags, in the appropriate place to assemble the necessary fire equipment.
(2) liquefied petroleum gas LPG railway tanks filling should be carefully checked before pressure, liquid level, emergency shut-off devices, safety accessories, check the name of the filling medium tank. Secure attachment failure or poor performance of the prohibited act, such as liquefied chlorine loading of railway tanks shall ship the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Tank car loading and unloading of LPG should strictly implement the security operation procedures, to prevent gas leakage, avoid running liquid cargo handling places the accumulation of liquefied petroleum gas, forming a fire hazard. Thunderstorm or a tank of gas, leaking hydraulic exception, working places nearby threats such as fire safety when loading and unloading, loading and unloading operation should be stopped. LPG station using rail car transport liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), should be in the production area setting rail car loading and unloading Jetty, the center of the parking lane line from LPG tank fire spacing should not be less than 20 m, distance from tank 30 metres only lanes, be approved by the Railway Administration agreed to set up the "parking spot" locomotive. Loading and unloading sites within 30 m of pyrotechnics, is strictly prohibited to be able to put out the unloading process may occur at the beginning of the fire, working bridge should be length every 10-15 metres set 1 with 8 kg of dry powder fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher handling trestle set should not be less than 2.
(3) LPG rail car escort staff not only to become familiar with the LPG tank cars, understand the nature of the structure, performance, and rail transport of dangerous goods safety requirements also need to acquire the necessary knowledge of fire-fighting, in order to reveal the burning intransit etc incidents handled correctly. For failing to comply with the prescribed for filling of pre-screening, excess filling and sealing car unidentified railway tanks, escort, escort may be refused.
(4) LPG railway tanks in transport group, and the traction of the steam locomotive, riding passenger vehicles and shipment initiation equipment vehicle should have more than 4 vehicles isolation, and traction for diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, use the fire vehicles, load in addition to initiating equipment of vehicles outside of the explosives, as well as mount inflammable vehicles should have one or more of the vehicle apart.
(5) shipment of liquefied petroleum gas of railway tanks, no longer stops at various stations along the way, arriving at the railway terminal application after pushing the locomotive in a timely manner, the tank car of liquefied petroleum gas station in the event of a major leak during transport, escort officers should be timely to train competent personnel reflect, dangerous signal, stop emergency sealing, and quickly to local government and police, fire department reports, to set up a surveillance zone, the Organization of the evacuation. Rail car transit leak gas and fire, measures should be taken immediately and keep the local fire departments to alert the emergency disaster relief organizations.
3. pipeline transport
(1) long distance transportation of liquefied petroleum gas piping systems, starting from the point of storage tanks, pumps, metering stations, intermediate pumping stations, pipelines, and the end of the tank, the installation should comply with the relevant safety requirements. Seamless steel pipe use. In order to overhaul convenience pipe connections should be welded, supplemented with flange connection. Pipeline laying usually buried.
(2) transportation of liquefied petroleum gas piping system shall not cross a LPG facilities construction, structure, or through an inflammable, corrosive liquids, and other pipeline, buildings and structures of spacing should be consistent with the relevant provisions.
(3) liquefied petroleum gas pipelines of buried depth should not be less than 0.6 m. Pipeline and rail or road intersects the railway should be from the following through, and crossing protection casing pipe segments should be set. Protection sleeve should have sufficient strength, inner and outer pipe should stay a certain gap, the application ends sealing soft material. Pipeline crossing railway tracks, from the bottom to the top of the depth of the pipeline should not be less than 1.4 m. Through casing on both ends should reach out separately. rail 3 m Pipeline wear Highway, from the road to the top in the pavement of the depth of the pipeline should not be less than 1 m, passing through casing on both ends should reach Highway 1 m respectively. Pipeline rail, road and pedestrian passageway, you should have a certain security level. Pipeline intersects with the River, Lake, you can use the aerial crossing or river crossing.
(4) in order to meet the liquefied petroleum gas pipeline installation, craft, and repair and fire safety requirements should normally be in and out of the station, branch pipe starting point each alternate pipeline cutting point, important arterial road, railway, as well as important rivers, set valve. For ease of maintenance, and accident control should be in the pipeline on every 10-20 kilometers located a block valve. Pressure resistance of the valve is not lower than the pressure pipeline design, and shall not be less than 2450 kPa. Buried pipeline valves are generally installed in the valve, the valve Chamber room should be located in the open terrain, the terrain is relatively high, the traffic is convenient and easy to check. In important rivers should be located on either side of the valve interior. With diffusion tube valve Chamber should be set in place for safety relief. Relief, around 30 meters shall not have the open fire or disseminate the sparks.
(5) for the pipe daochu liquefied petroleum gas flow and wall friction resulting from electrostatic charge, pipeline should fully grounded, and every 80 meters located a grounding. Connection pipe flange applied brass or aluminium sheet crossover. For gas, should control the flow rate of liquid petroleum gas. General-allows velocity 0.8 — 2.5 m/sec and a maximum of not more than 3 m/s.
(6) to mobile inspection, regular maintenance of liquefied petroleum gas pipeline, timely detection and elimination of piping, valves and so on place leakage points. In check and eliminate air leakage points, the prohibition of the use of the open fire. Fire inspection should implement fire safety measures.
4. cars load cylinder transportation
(1) not use cars load cylinders for long distance transportation of liquefied petroleum gas. Shipment of automotive LPG cylinders should be flying the flag of the "dangerous goods" flag, 8 2 with the above Assembly kg of dry powder fire extinguishers. Engine exhaust should wear performance reliable spark arrester.
(2 handling places of liquified petroleum gas should be strictly forbidden to smoke. Handling cylinders should handle with care, no scroll, collision. Cylinders in carriage should be a vertical stack layer. Unit weight 15 kg cylinder, must not exceed two-layer stack, and measures should be taken to prevent the stack, and bump on vehicles and its chipped cylinders, leaking gas valve. Transportation of car LPG cylinders shall be manned. Overweight, there is no air leakage and rubbers ring of steel cylinders shall not loading transport.
(3) shipment of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders for armoured vehicle should be equipped with. Driver and escort should undergo safety training, fire prevention, fire fighting, etc. to learn safety knowledge. Transit and Midway parking, fire safety precautions, you can reference the truck transport liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
(4) transit leakage liquid petroleum gas, should seriously air cylinders and air leakage to find reasons to close the valve, for sealing, steel cylinder angle valve damaged or sealing ineffective should evacuate the air cylinders to safety, security monitoring, let leak gas natural diffusion, off the surrounding fire. Sealing, evacuation leak cylinders shall not use the tools can be pyrophoric cylinders air leakage and caught fire, Secretary & staff should take urgent measures, and immediately to the police and fire departments.
Section III distribution station fire
Liquefied petroleum gas as a fuel with convenient, fast and no ash, etc., are welcomed by the vast number of residents of the town. With the development of the petrochemical industry, liquefied petroleum gas as civilian fuel use more widespread, convenience, security of gas supply, city departments and units must establish with storage and distribution features of base-LPG storage and filling station, LPG distribution station by production area and a secondary area of two parts, the main equipment including: LPG tank cars (pipeline equipment), storage, loading and unloading equipment, as well as filling, pour the remaining, measuring, test equipment and fire safety, etc. LPG storage and filling station's construction should be consistent with the safety, fire protection, environmental protection and urban construction planning requirements, advanced technology, reasonable economic, safety and convenience of the user.
First, fire and explosion hazards
1. fire and explosion hazard analysis of the General
(1) LPG storage and filling station vulnerable to fire, explosion, liquefied petroleum gas is flammable, explosive and other characteristics, LPG distribution station, due to the equipment side, illegal actions, mishandling, storage tank, filling the mouth, hydrocarbon pumps, compressors, valves, pipes, and other devices often leak gas, LPG and spread in the station, when liquefied petroleum gas in the air volume percent concentration reaches 1.5% ~ 9.5%, forming an explosive mixture of substances that make up the station area burning material conditions, storage and distribution of LPG production process of electrostatic spark, electric spark, metal and lighting a spark all kinds of open flame waiting for fire, has ignited the liquefied petroleum gas explosive mixture of adequate energy, will constitute the burn energy conditions, these three conditions in a site with, and at the same place, can cause explosion, LPG liquid vaporization of volume dramatic expansion in the future, gas than air heavy and difficult to spread, and the gas concentration in the lower explosive limit is lower, even from the container valves, piping and equipment leaks very small amounts of liquid petroleum gas, liquefied petroleum gas is also very easy to leak around a range of space reaches its limit, the concentration of explosive forming an explosion hazard. Minimum ignition energy General cents lower than 0.3, LPG Joule and the air has become explosive mixture of premises, static spark, electric sparks, open flame, a fire, generally can cause explosive mixtures combustion explosion, LPG distribution station vulnerable to fire, explosion. In addition, LPG distribution station production area fire, equipment malfunction, crash, easily station storage tanks, containers and other equipment explosion, leakage of liquid petroleum gas, some more fire occurred, the risk of explosion.
(2) the fire risk categories: the architectural design fire protection standard (GBJ16-87) will fire risk is divided into a, b, c, d, e, r-five of the greatest fire hazard, "to the fire risk minimization, liquefied petroleum gas is lower explosion limit of less than 10% of combustible gas, in accordance with the provisions of the LPG storage and filling stations belong to category a fire hazard.
(3) station main site explosion hazard class: the explosion and fire hazard locations for electrical installations design code for gas and vapor explosion hazardous areas provides for three levels, namely 0 district, zone 1 and zone 2, zone 2 workplace explosion risk is relatively small, 0 area places is under normal circumstances can form explosive mixtures in the workplace, normally including normal driving, operation and parking, etc. 1 places in normal circumstances could not form, but only in unusual circumstances can form explosive mixtures in the workplace, not normal circumstances include plant or equipment of accident damage, improper operation, maintenance and equipment or space formation of explosive mixtures in unlikely places, LPG storage and filling stations: filling, pour the remaining between local should belong to the explosion hazardous areas in zone 1, hydrocarbon compressor room, pump room, truck and subsidiary cylinders library should belong to 2 explosion hazardous areas.
2. fire and explosion of the main characteristics of the
(1) illegal operations endangers the very serious.
(2) equipment, equipment damage is caused by fire and explosion, one of the main reasons.
(3) electrostatic spark is the main source of fire, for example, in February 1978, a refinery liquefied petroleum gas bottle, no ventilation equipment, the large amounts of liquid petroleum gas filled with space and reach explosive limit for a female hand promote nylon hood generate static spark and explosion fire burning, causing significant.
(4) bottle shop is a major part of the fire.
2, fire safety measures
1. reasonable siting and layout
(1) LPG storage and filling station site should be located at the edge of the city, located in the residential area, open flames or sparks stations distributed under the direction of the wind or side-wind direction, away from the village, industrial and mining enterprises and theater, Stadium, and other important public buildings, storage and distribution station shall be located in low-lying areas, some underground station shall not prevent works, channels and other easy accumulation of liquid petroleum gas facilities.
(2) distribution station surroundings should be set with noncombustible material constructed of solid walls, its height should not be less than 2 m, internal production zone, secondary zone application is not less than 2 m from the wall of the entity. Tank farm, bottle, compressor room, pump room, subsidiary of hydrocarbon gas bottle Gallery, tanker loading platform and trestle bridge, and other facilities should be laid out in the production area; repair room, switching House, Office, Office and other buildings should be arranged in assisted areas. Auxiliary area should be arranged in the wind or side wind, internal structures, buildings and equipment, facility layout should be consistent with the architectural design of the fire code and other regulatory requirements for safety technology.
(3) LPG tank area and buildings, yards, railways, roads and other facilities of the fire separation should be consistent with the national fire technical specifications.
(4) distribution station in bottle filling rooms, compressor, pump house, subsidiary of hydrocarbon gas cylinders libraries, and so are the mode a production plant or warehouse, should be a separate layout, spacing between them should be not less than 13 meters, and civil buildings fire between spacing should be greater than 25 m and open fires or powder fire ignition locations of fire separation should be greater than 30 meters, with important public building fire between spacing should be greater than 50 metres, and the railway station (Central line) of the fire separation should be greater than 30 meters, and the railway station (Central line) of the fire separation should be greater than 20 meters, and the main road within station (roadside) fire separation should be greater than 10 meters, and minor roads within station (roadside) fire separation should be greater than 5 metres.
(5) storage station assisted area, building, structure of the layout should be consistent with the architectural design of the fire code requirements.
2. to prevent gas leakage
(1) LPG tank design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of which comply with the relevant pressure vessel safety management and technology requirements, storage tank gauges, level gauge, safety valve, emergency shut-off valve, safety accessories and equipment must be reliable, consistent with the technical requirements and should regularly check the maintenance, periodic verification to ensure complete, sensitive and reliable.
(2) of the tank area around should be set for non-burning material constructed of fire-dike, fire wall height should not exceed 1 m, medial Mekki line to the nearest tank wall distance not less than 3 metres, fire on shall open hole, the hole, the pipeline through the application of non-burning material when sealing, and should be in a different direction two or more security access level or ramp, tank group layout and set fire-dike, the spacing between adjacent fire wall should not be less than 7 m.
(3) LPG tank should be set sewage valve, sewage valve winter should take measures to prevent freezing and keep the collapse of the valve and the pipe to avoid leakage of liquid petroleum gas, liquefied petroleum gas tanks, residual tank of oily wastewater should be discharged into the recycling container, proper disposal shall be discharged to waste water pipe or tank farm, tank farm of cooling water, rainwater, through a pipe or trench to the station or circular pool, drainage pipes, or ditch should be set within a tank farm fire wall and floor drain fire-dike-proper place of safe water wells, gate and the inspection well to prevent the accumulation of LPG storage tank leak into water pipeline or ditch.
(4) large, medium, liquefied petroleum gas station should set safety torch, tank safety valve, emergency shut-off of diffusion tube, and other emission gas pipeline should access the torch, the discharge of liquid petroleum gas discharge through the torch to prevent discharge of liquid petroleum gas in storage and filling stations and the surrounding form safety torch fire and explosion, there should be a rain of fire prevention "under the" security and reliable ignition device. Low pressure gas pipelines should be set before entering the torch fire equipment, gas-liquid separator and air into the appliance. Low pressure pipeline leading to the torch of condensation recovery should be closed, not free emissions, torch fire extinguishing device should also be set.
(5) storage and filling station should use liquefied petroleum gas pipes, seamless steel tubes welded connections taken. Pipes should be laid on the ground, can form a closed setting liquid pipe pipeline safety valve, and can ensure that the tank between inverted pot.
(6) distribution station would apply to liquefied petroleum gas compressor, the compressor of the media's intake-side pipes installed filters, gas-liquid separator, and other safety equipment and instruments, in case of LPG liquid, moisture and other impurities are gas into the compressor cylinder, the cylinder explosion, compressor pressure out side pipes should install security-gas separator, check valves, safety equipment and accessories, to prevent oil blocked pipeline, gas recovery, leaking gas, oil and gas separator shall regularly, and container recycling, disposal, shall be discharged to the ground.
(7) the selection of hydrocarbon pump should be accurate, reliable, suction side should be set into the atmosphere of pipes; pressure out of the port should be set back to the pipeline and tank connected and set back valve regulated filling pressure and speed, in addition, the pump's suction tube should install manometer, gate valves, pressure out of the tube should be installed on non-return valves and gate valves to control and inspection.
(8) storage and filling stations of various types of valves and flanges, should be careful selection, including packing, washers should have good resistance to oil, elastic and sealing, installation should ensure quality, the use of flexible, tight not leak, otherwise, easy leakage liquid petroleum gas, causing accidents.
(9) distribution station compressor room, pump room, filling of hydrocarbons should be set up between the exhaust air is setPreparation, Ventilate well post must observe safety procedures, the prohibition of illegal operations, prevent misoperation occurred, leakage liquid petroleum gas, particularly the bottling operations, must focus on serious operation, no excess filling, filling the cylinder to excess disposal, not out of station, not drain, the prohibition to the bottle or angle valve leak gas steel cylinder, no vacuum or reused without the test cylinders, as well as other do not meet the security requirements of cylinder gas.
(10) storage and filling station should set the residue recycling system, periodic recycling LPG cylinders and other containers of residue, recovery of LPG residue should be as fuel or for other, not in the stations and other locations.
(11) distribution station to reserve a certain number of valves and other accessories are easily damaged key, ensure that the repair needs. To regular checks of liquefied petroleum gas equipment, piping, valves and safety accessories, timely detection and elimination of leakage points, for damaged valves, flanges, attachments are replaced in a timely manner, prevent leaks of LPG, storage and distribution station to conduct a full overhaul, on a regular basis to eliminate accident risks, ensure that the entire system closed airtight, safe run.
3. control and eliminate the source of fire
(1) within the doorway distribution station and the stations of fire and explosion risk positions shall be eye-catching "logo is strictly prohibited to smoke", at the personnel shall not carry matches, lighters and other fire, not in with a horse and iron nail shoes, get in the car, diesel vehicles exhaust shall wear performance reliable spark arrester, prohibition of the car battery, motorcycle access stations, get in the door should be set the guard, strict inspection.
(2) distribution station tank farm, bottle, compressor room, pump room and other hydrocarbons of fire and explosion hazardous areas for ground application not combustion materials of construction, prohibited the use of friction, collision can produce sparks, bound for LPG cylinders must wear protective circle, loading, unloading, handling should handle with care, no scroll, friction and collision.
(3) the storage and distribution stations of fire and explosion hazardous areas of power, lighting, exhaust, and other electrical devices, switches, wiring and combustible gas concentration, static, and other security monitoring, detection of electrical instruments, must be in compliance with the fire and explosion, explosion and fire hazard locations for electrical installations design code requirements.
(4) on LPG tank, residual tank, cylinder to open cans maintenance, and repair equipment, valves, pipes, you should exclude internal LPG liquid, residue and residues, alkaline cleaning and steam cleaning to prevent vessels, equipment and pipeline wall attachment of FES when air was spontaneous, resulting from the fire source, containers, equipment, pipe cleaning up debris, and shall not be placed in the station memory, you should choose the safe place buried or burned.
(5) storage station production bottling tank farm and the region etc structures should be lightning protection level "second class" design lighting facilities and regular checks to ensure safe and reliable.
(6) distribution station should choose some production experience and fire safety knowledge of staff on duty at night, the major festivals, held major celebrations in the vicinity, be strengthened on duty, prevent Fireworks and other "fly" into the fire, fire stations.
(7) distribution station shall set treble alarm, a major leak, gas leak accident should urgently, at the same time to the local police, fire department reports and alerts, taken around to set up alert, cut traffic, evacuation, off leakage areas of fire, and other measures.
(8) implementation of antistatic measures to prevent electrostatic sparks.
4. anti-static
LPG high resistivity, and contains moisture and other impurities, filling, flip, bottle filling, storage and distribution operations and maintenance, as a result of friction, high speed spray, splash, settlement, electric field induction, easy to make itself and containers, equipment, pipeline and integrable with charge. According to the test, in filling liquefied petroleum gas, rubber tube surface anti-static bits up to 800 ~ 1000 Volts, the human body is active conductor, the human body and clothes clothes clothes and friction, friction or electrostatic induction, enables the human body and integrable with electrostatic charge, storage and filling stations with electrostatic charge of liquefied petroleum gas liquids and gases, equipment, pipelines, and the human body, once the electrostatic discharge of static electricity discharge occurs, spark. LPG storage and distribution stations of antistatic measures are an important part of fire prevention measures.
(1) the storage and distribution stations of LPG containers and equipment, pipelines, etc should be static grounding, grounding resistance should be less than 10 euro, when LPG tank and pipeline system-to-ground resistance is greater than 100 euro, you should make two above ground. LPG rubber tube and other non-metallic pipes should surface winding interval not greater than 5 cm metal conductive wire and reliable grounding.
(2) storage and filling stations for liquefied petroleum gas containers, equipment, pipe flanges, application of aluminium sheet or copper tablets for crossover, parallel laying, adjacent spacing of not less than 10 cm of liquefied petroleum gas pipeline application copper cross sectional crossover, or close to metal objects for laying the installation and the adjacent spacing is less than 10 cm of liquefied petroleum gas pipeline application copper crossover.
(3) the use of liquefied petroleum gas compressor should be the driving belt daochu static, not allowed to use insulated belt and flat belt. Tank farm, filling, and so the proliferation of LPG area should maintain a certain humidity must not lay insulation rubber pad, the construction of ground with no combustion in the electrical resistivity of materials should be 106 ~ 108 euro * cm wide, filling the room filling gun and called the cylinders should separate earthing of scales and weighing surface shall be placed on insulated rubber pad.
(4) tank into the liquid, inverted jar, bottle, and so on, you should restrict the flow rate of liquid petroleum gas, hydrocarbons pump inlet pipe for liquid velocity should normally be less than or equal to 1 m/sec, export pipe liquid velocity should generally be for 1 ~ 2 m/s. Gas flow rate of liquid petroleum gas pipeline should is 8 ~ 12 m/s, prevent containers, equipment, piping, valves, and other high-speed Jet, leakage of liquid and gas LPG.
(5) enter distribution station production areas of staff should wear matching anti-static overalls and anti-static shoes, work clothes, not to run, jump and play.
(6) new distribution station or through a comprehensive overhaul ofDistribution station, using the vacuum inlet air intake process of displacement, the oxygen content in air intake system should be less than 40% of the intake charge and he slowly into the gas storage tank pressure slowly rise to positive pressure and greater than 49 kPa, and then filled into the liquid, high inflation, filled with fluid, the overhaul of the LPG tank and tank and other devices, you may not use high-pressure water or high pressure steam cleaning, preventing the liquefied petroleum gas, water, water vapor and the inner wall of the tank, device generate static violent clashes.
(7) distribution station should periodically check for anti-static, timely detection and elimination of static electricity risks.
5. fire-fighting water supply, power supply, equipment
(1) fire-fighting water supply:
① distribution station fire water from municipal water, natural water or fire water supply, natural water sources, should ensure that the lowest water level in the dry season when the reliability of the fire with water, and water intake should be set for reliable use of urban water supply, water supply network, you should ensure that there is enough water and water pressure, fire water pipe to production, domestic water piping, such as in economy or technically not possible, you should use separate fire water pipe.
② regardless of whether the setting of LPG tanks, should be shading facilities set a fixed fire-fighting and the cooling water facilities, suitable and summer cooling water sprinkler installations, water pipeline control valve should be installed at a distance of 10 metres away, storage tank for easy operation of the site, after application of the portions of the control valve anti-rust material, when the temperature of the liquid in the tank and gas pressure is too high or tank farm fire, through manual or automatic control starts fire sprinkler spray water cooling cooling facilities, sprinkler intensity should be not less than 3 l/(sub * m 2).
③ the fire water tank farm should be a fixed amount of cooling equipment for hydropower and water gun water consumption, water consumption fixed cooling equipment shall be not less than once a fire extinguishing water quantity, water supply maximum strength should be less than 0.15 l/(seconds * m 2), the burning tank protection area of the surface area calculated by tank full, near fire tank half of their surface area, neighbouring the burning tank is measured from the outer wall of the tank on fire, burning tank diameter 1.5 times (horizontal tank according to the diameter and length of the tank's and half) range of storage tanks, tank farm set a fixed fire protection design of cooling water, you should set the mobile water gun cooling facilities and water gun quantity not less than 4 branches, each branch water gun supply capacity shall not be less than 7.5 l/sec, water gun outlet pressure must not be less than the 343 kPa (3.5 kg/cm2), together with the total volume is less than 50 cubic meters, water gun water should not be less than 30 l/sec; single tank volume is greater than or equal to 400 M3, water gun water should not be less than 45 litres/second. LPG tank fire duration shall be calculated according to 6 hours, fire-fighting water use and production, domestic water supply system, combined in the production, domestic water reaches the maximum water consumption, water consumption should still be maintaining fire.
④ fire water pipe in the tank area diameter should be not less than 100 mm, and should be around the tank farm in fire outside arranged ring dike, pipe diameter water pipe should not be less than two, when one fails, the remaining dry pipe or pipes will still be able to guarantee the water supply, tank farm fire hydrant should be set out in the fire-dike, the edge of the fire roads should not exceed 2 metres away from the tank walls 15-metre-wide fire hydrant should not be counted in the tank can be used within the fire hydrant protection radius should not be greater than 150 meters, each hydrant water consumption by 10-15 litres/second, reservoir irrigation area outside the building outer wall hydrant margin should not be less than 5 m.
⑤ urban water or natural water sources cannot completely guarantee the fire with water, storage and filling station should set fire water storage tank, fire water tank capacity reserve should be not less than 6 hours in the tank area fire succession of water consumption, in fire situations guaranteed continuous water supply, fire water tank capacity can subtract 6 hours added water, fire water tank capacity of over 1000 cubic meters should be divided into two sets, fire water tank of water time should not exceed 48 hours, but the lack of water, which can be extended up to 96 hours, a fire water tank should be set free from the threat of fire, and water intake should be set fire engines, fire engine intake and buildings should not be less than the distance of 15 meters, and LPG tank distance should not be less than 60 metres, fire engine intake should ensure fire water height not exceeding 6 m.
⑥ fire pump is an important fire water supply system equipment, storage and filling station should set a fixed fire-fighting water pump and spare pump, a set of fire control pump's suction pipe should not be less than two, when one damaged the rest of the suction pipe will still be able to pass all water consumption, the fire pump should ensure that the fire starts after 5 minutes, and after a power outage is still functioning, the fire pump room should be fire-resistant grade I and II buildings, set up in the building, separated by a firewall and set through outdoor exports, the fire pump room should have at least two of the outlet pipe directly with pipe connection, when one of the outlet pipe repair, the rest of the outlet pipe will still be able to supply all of water demand.
(2) fire-fighting power: distribution station should use dual power or single supply dual-circuit supply to ensure that the fire resistance, fire pumps and the emergency lighting, dual power supplies or single supply dual-circuit supply difficulties, you should set and fire pumps and the emergency lighting power matching standby generators, and shall ensure that the standby generator power generation and distribution at any time.
(3) fire channel: distribution station should have open fire road, tank farm should be set for fire-or fire-pass and a width of not less than 6 m flat and open spaces, it should also be equipped with two independent security through fire engines, fire trucks road entrance width should be less than 3.5 m, on the road, with pipe support, its clear height obstacles should not be less than 4 metres, when the tank area over 500 cubic meters capacity should be in the fire-dike peripherals ring around a fire road or supposes a width of not less than 6 metres and for fire engines of flat ground, ring of fire road at least two similarities with other roads, water for fire engines and natural water source should be set on fire water tank fire road.
(4) fire-fighting equipment: storage and filling station production bottling in the region, the compressor room, hydrocarbon pumping stations, gas bottle Gallery, building and steel bottle loading platform, building area of 1 per 50 sqm with 8 kg hand-held powder extinguisher, orSet the same number of "1211 fire extinguisher, tank farm" in each tank should be set with 50 kg of above 2 trolley dry chemical fire extinguisher and 2 with 8 kg hand-held powder extinguisher, together with the fire-fighting equipment should be arranged in the fire wall, and each group should be divided into two storage tanks, each Department should have the 8 kg of portable and trolley for 50 kilograms of dry powder fire extinguishers, fire equipment should be placed in easy to find and easy to access location, open the location where fire-fighting equipment should be built in fire-fighting equipment, the fire-fighting equipment is protected against wind, rain, Sun and the fire-fighting equipment performance influence fire damage, meter, power distribution unit should be building area 1 per 50 square meter settings with 5 ~ 7 kg of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher or 3 kg 1211, storage and distribution station coping station fire equipment maintenance, periodic check guarantee fire use.
(5) professional fire brigade: away from the city and the public security fire squadron of large and medium-sized LPG storage and filling stations, should adhere to the principle of self control and self, set the Allied Fire Brigade and, if required, configure the fire-fighting vehicles and other fire equipment.
6. communications, detection equipment and alarm equipment
(1) in order to facilitate the operation and security monitoring, large and medium-sized LPG storage and filling station tank should be set to automatically detect secondary instrument and pressure liquid level security alarm system. By transmitting device will signal delivery to instrument for security monitoring, when the tank pressure, liquid level reached the security limit value alarm, instructions for safe disposal.
(2) of the tank farm, bottle, pump hydrocarbon compressor room, disseminate a liquefied petroleum gases of influenza fire hazards should set the LPG gas automatic leak detection and alarm device, when the place leakage LPG gas and reach the safety threshold concentration when automatic warning prompts the operator to take security measures, liquefied petroleum gases than air, easy to spread along the ground or accumulation and, therefore, not suitable for automatic leak detection alarm mounted too high.
(3) in order to ensure that the scientific nature of the fire safety inspection, storage and filling station should be equipped with a certain number portability, explosion-proof requirements of liquefied petroleum gas concentration, electrostatic safety detection instruments and equipment.
(4) and medium-sized LPG storage and filling station set 2 more through an outside line telephones, and to set up PBX stations. Filling rooms, compressor room, pump room, instrument of hydrocarbons, etc should be set between ext, fire and explosion hazards should be used in explosion-proof extension so that stations work contact and timely alarm in the event of an accident.
(5) storage and filling stations should be at least 1 high-pitched alarm set, in the event of a major leak, fire, explosion later in time to alert the masses around, so take out according to your needs, evacuation, and other security measures.
7. strict management
LPG storage and filling station should firmly establish safety first thoughts, on strict production safety management, and fire safety work as a priority, their grasp of fire safety work should do the following:
(1) fire safety organizations. To train fire safety work backbone team, in fire safety team to establish and improve the Organization, formed to promote fire safety on fire safety of the network, make sure it was working.
(2) establishing rules and safety procedures, storage and distribution station to establish and perfect the guard, watch, fire protection, safety inspections, fire safety systems and safety regulations for each position, so that the fire safety work rule-based.
(3) the implementation of security responsibility. Distribution station should implement the "who's in charge, who is responsible for" principle, head on fire safety work fully in charge, and a specialist in charge, at the same time, there must also be set up from the station to the team leader and production positions of responsibility for fire safety, implementation at all levels, and fire safety responsibilities of each position, so that the fire safety work recursively someone in charge, it was responsible.
(4) implement fire safety education, station post staff for posts before production and fire safety technology training, learning security operation procedures and regulations to learn fire safety knowledge. Distribution station should insist on regular management and operations personnel to conduct safety technology training and fire safety education, increasing staff awareness of fire safety and operation by chapter, compliance with all rules and regulations of our consciousness, unswerving and stability of the country.
(5) to strengthen the safety supervision and inspection. Distribution station should set security technology sector and Allied fire safety supervisor, enhance fire safety inspection and supervision work, insist on the strict management, high-reward heavy penalties, timely detection and elimination of accident risk, resolutely correct negligence, violation of operation, for breach of the security operation procedures and fire safety system, a heavier punishment for serious consequences and constitutes a crime by the judiciary of criminal responsibility and, at the same time, safety and fire prevention in the remarkable achievements of the team and personal reward.
(6) make fire extinguishing programme, regular exercise, ensuring the timely, effective in the fight against the various parts of the initial fire occurred, helping firefighters fighting serious fire.