【 Weak current College 】 fire extinguisher use---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Classification of fire extinguishers
　　
Many types of fire extinguishers, as it moves through can be divided into: portable and trolley; as to the source of power driven fire extinguishing agent may be divided into: gas cylinder type, reservoir pressure, chemical reaction, according to the filling of the extinguishing agent, can be divided into: foam, dry powder, halon, carbon dioxide, acid and alkali, clear water, etc.
　　
The use of fire extinguishers and adaptation (hand-held)
　　
1. fire extinguishers to adapt and use methods
　　
Scope of application
Suitable for extinguishing fire General B class, such as oil products, oil and other fire, could also apply to A class of fire, but not fight class b fire water soluble combustible, flammable liquid fires, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, fire; nor can fight live equipment and C class and class d fires.
Use: the upper cylinder may be portable, quick reference to rushed to the scene. At this point it should be noted that no fire extinguisher excessively inclined, cannot take or upside down, sideways so that the two chemicals blended out ahead of time. When the distance from the burning point 10 meters, you can invert the tube, a hand hold references to the ring and one hand on the bottom circle lived cylinder, Jet at combustion. In case of fire extinguishing combustible liquids, such as combustion is flowing shape, the foam from far and near Jet, make foam covered entirely in combustion liquids; such as combustion within the container, the container of foam inside the bubble along the inner wall of the shed, gradually covering the burning surface. Do not spray liquid directly aligned to avoid impact due to the Jet, but will be burning liquid melted or rushed out of the container, expand the range of combustion. In case of fire extinguishing solid substances, should be the most severe burning Jet alignment. Firefighting as effective spray distance of shortening, users should gradually to the combustion zone near, and always will foam sprayed in burning until the fight. Use the fire extinguishers should always keep upside-down state, otherwise disrupt Jet.
(Hand-held) foam fire extinguishers deposited should choose a dry, cool, ventilated and convenience, not close to high temperature or may be affected by exposure to prevent decomposition of carbonates and failure; in winter to take measures to prevent Frost frozen; and should regularly wipe dust, dredge nozzle so that it remains open.
2. go-cart-type fire extinguishers to adapt and use methods

It fits the fire and portable chemical foam fire extinguishers of same.
Use: use, generally by two operations, the first fire quickly sliding into the fire, at a distance of 10 meters on fire point be stopped by a man cast spray hose, spray and hands at burning; another then the first counterclockwise turning handwheel, will screw up to the highest position the bottle cap on foot, then the cylinder to the lever after dumping ground, and the valve handle is rotated 90 degrees, you can spray foam for fire suppression. Such as valves mounted on a gun, you are responsible for the operation of spray valve open.
Fire-fighting methods and considerations and portable chemical foam fire extinguishers are basically the same, you can reference. As a result of such fire extinguishers spray distance, continuous injection of a long time, and thus can give full play to its advantage to fight large tank or tank car, the beginning of the fire department.

3. air-foam fire extinguishers adapt fire and use methods

Scope of application:
Scope of application is basically the same chemical extinguisher. But resistance to stripping foam fire extinguishers can fight water-soluble flammable, combustible liquid fires such as alcohols, ethers, ketones, such as the beginning of the solvent burning fires.
Use the method:
Use to mobile or shoulder quickly ran to the scene, the combustion of 6 meters, pull out the insurance sold in one hand holding the opening pressure, another hand grip spray gun; exertion pinch open pressure to open the sealed or Pierce gas cylinder gasket, air bubbles from the spray gun mouth spray out. Fire-fighting methods and portable chemical foam fire extinguishers of same. But the use of air-foam fire extinguishers, fire extinguishers should be always keep upright, not to reverse or lying, otherwise disrupt Jet. At the same time should always hold opening pressure, not just let go, otherwise also breaks Jet.

4. the acid-base fire extinguishers fire and use methods of adaptation
　
Scope:
Suitable for extinguishing A class beginning of combustion, such as fire wood, fabric, paper, and so burning fire. It cannot be used to fight B substances burning fire, for fighting c flammable gas or light metal fire D class. It also cannot be used to extinguish the fire of charged objects.
Use:
Should be used to link upper hand drum, quickly ran to the fire place. Never be fire extinguishers carried on his back, nor excessively inclined to prevent two liquid spray mixture in advance. At a distance of 6 meters of combustion can be reversed, and fire extinguishers and shake a few times, so that the two solutions accelerate mixed; a hand hold references to the ring with one hand and grab the shell of bottom circle will emit burning Jet at the fiercest spray. At the same time as reducing spray distance, use people should push the combustion Department.

5. the use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

Fire as long as the fire extinguisher referred or carry to the fire, burning in the distance of 5 meters, put the fire out of the insurance sales, hand hold megaphone root handle with one hand and hold the on-off valve for pressure. Do not spray hose of fire extinguishers should be put on a plate megaphone to 70-90 degrees. When used, you cannot directly use hand seize megaphone wall or metal connection pipe to prevent hands were frostbitten. Fire, when the combustible liquid is flowing like Burns, users will composed of carbon dioxide near and far jets to flame Jet. If combustible liquids in containers Burns, users should lift the megaphone. From one side of the upper part of the container to the combustion of the spray in the container. But not the CO2 jet direct attack on the combustible liquid surface to prevent the use of combustible liquids out of the container and the expansion of the fire, the fire caused difficulties.

Trolley carbon dioxide fire extinguishers general operation by two people, two people will push or pull to fire extinguishers, fire department, a burning 10 meters stoppedNext, a person quickly remove the megaphone and expand the Jet hose, hold megaphone root handle, another quick counterclockwise rotation handwheel, and drove up to the maximum position. Fire-fighting methods and portable way.
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, outdoor use, you should select the poop Jet. In the outdoor use of within a narrow space, fighting back the operator should leave promptly to prevent suffocation.

7.1211 extinguishers use method

When used, should be a reference to the portable fire extinguishers or shoulder fire extinguisher into the scene. In the distance of 5 meters at the burning down of fire extinguishers, first pull out the insurance sold in one hand hold on the one hand in front of the Jet hose nozzle. Such as fire extinguishers without blast hose, hand holding the opening pressure, another hand live fire extinguishers at the bottom of the base circle. Burning the nozzle alignment, firmly hold the opening pressure, so that the fire extinguisher Jet. When the combustible liquid rendered fighting flowing like Burns, users should access the flame root from near and far and fast forward about fire, until the flame all fight. If combustible liquids in containers of combustion, flame fire, when around shaking flame was driven out of the container, the Jet stream with flame fire until the fire all the fight. But it should be noted that cannot be jet direct injection in combustion liquids to prevent fire extinguishing agent will cushion the impact of combustible liquid out of the container and the expansion of the fire, the fire caused difficulties. If you fight combustible solid substances from the beginning of a fire, a Jet at the fiercest spray combustion, when the flame is extinguished, shall promptly take measures to prevent its recurrence. 1211 fire extinguishers to use couldn't upside down, or lying, otherwise the agent is spraying out. In addition to outdoor use, you should select the poop Jet; in small indoor fire extinguishing, fire after the operator should quickly evacuated, 1211 fire-extinguishing agent also has a certain degree of toxicity, to prevent harm to the human body.

8. the trolley-1211 fire extinguisher use method
Fire suppression is generally consists of two operations, the first fire extinguisher push or pull the fire burning in the distance of 10 meters at stop, one quick release spray hose, hold spray gun, at the burning; another is quickly open fire valves. 1211 fire-extinguishing methods and hand-held fire extinguishers are the same.
Trolley-type fire extinguisher maintenance
Trolley-fire-extinguishing appliances maintenance requirements are the same as with hand-held fire extinguishers. 1211
The use of fire extinguishers 9.1301
1301 fire extinguishers for use, and the same scope and 1211 fire extinguishers. But because 1301 fire extinguishing agent emit into the mist, outdoor wind conditions, the fire-fighting capability no 1211 fire extinguishers should be high, therefore the poop Jet.

10. adaptation of fire extinguishers and the use method

Sodium bicarbonate dry chemical fire extinguisher suitable for flammable and combustible liquids, gases and the beginning of the line equipment; fire extinguishers in addition to the ammonium salt can be used for these types of fire, fighting solid substances in the beginning of a fire. But none can fire extinguishing metal combustion.
Fire-fighting, mobile or shoulder fire quickly rushed to the scene, at the distance of 5 meters at the burning down of fire extinguishers. If outdoors, you should select the poop Jet. Use dry chemical fire extinguisher if plug-in-reservoir pressure, the operator should hand grip spray gun, the other hand lift the gas cylinder opens mentioned on. If the opening of the gas cylinder is hand wheel, the counterclockwise direction swing and swing to the highest position, then lift the fire extinguisher. When the dry powder spray, quick alignment fire flame roots. Use dry chemical fire extinguisher if built-in air tank or reservoir pressure, the operator should be open to the insurance sold disconnect, and then hold the nozzle spray hose front-end, the other will open the pressure put pressure, open the extinguisher. Have a blast hose, fire extinguisher or reservoir pressure type fire extinguishers in use, one should always put the pressure down, can't let go, otherwise disrupt Jet.

Dry powder fire extinguishing combustible, flammable liquid fires, fire flame to Department, if you are fighting for flowed liquid fires are burning, you should access the flame root from near and far, and around the fire until the fire all the fight. If combustible liquids in containers, the consumer should prevail fire flame root to enable around shaking out of dry powder spray flow covers the entire surface of the container openings; when the flame is out of the container, the user should continue to spray until all the flame extinguished. In extinguishing the fire of flammable liquids in containers and should be can't direct alignment liquid jet nozzle, preventing the impact that Jet-combustible liquid spills and the expansion of the fire, causing fire. If when combustible liquid in metal container burning time is too long, the container wall temperature is higher than the Suppression of ignition of flammable liquids, at this point, it is easy to result comes alive again after the fire, if combined with foam types of fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing effect is better.
The use of ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishing solid fuel fire should associate the most violent spray combustion and from top to bottom, left and right. If conditions permit, the user is permitted to carry fire extinguishers along four neighboring combustion nozzle while walking, so that the powder extinguishing agent evenly spray combustion of the surface, until all the flame extinguished.

11. push mftz using method
Trolley dry powder fire extinguishers for use with extinguishers of same

【 Weak current College 】 marine fire rescue of and recommendations---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Currently, the development of water transportation market with each passing day, with tens of thousands of goods into the economy of the Yangtze River, some of the original are not familiar with the new goods in fire and rescue personnel, subsequent is all kinds of ship fire load increases, fire fighting and rescue emergency plan amendments, water rescue actual tactical adjustments, a modern ship fire such new things. The characteristics of modern ship fire main summarized as: in space, easy to form a large space, 3D-serious fire; spreading speed, accompanied by high temperature, smoke and even flashover, very rapidly; in fire hazards, due to various chemicals of polymer composite materials in fire conditions for physical reactions such as decomposing fission to produce toxic gases. In response to this new situation (fire situation complexity, diversity and fighting the arduous), how to implement water fire and rescue work in the science development, building a well-off society in an all-round service is water fire and rescue personnel must be answered. However, with time to work on marine fire rescue training, and promptly raise rescue teams overall operational capacity is the answer to this question of an answer. For this reason, some thoughts on business:
　　
I. water fire and rescue training work the weak link in
　　
Current water fire and rescue training weak links in the work of the main problems: water trainees in their thoughts on the fire and rescue training did not raise sufficient attention, more on objective grounds, is taking a concept is heavy, and lack of hardworking spirit, make a fuss with various testing happens from time to time; training, technical and tactical comparison old into the technological content and less on new goods the pertinence of simulated fire combat exercises training less; assessment of indicators limited to trainees of the physical quality. In addition, some fire commanders of quality should be improved.
　　
Two, revolves around the practice engage in training
　　
Water fire and rescue personnel to really good service, must adapt to economic construction, off the fire, the need to fight evil battle, you must use the actual current water transport market, targeting existing cargo extinguishing fire on the water and the disposal of chemical disasters and other emergency relief efforts, improve water fire and rescue training work starting point, to study and explore current cases water fire and rescue training work in all its aspects.
　　
Current water fire and rescue training center should be focusing on "training for fighting", close to the actual training troops, improving the overall effectiveness.
　　
1. do a scene commanders of quality training. Highlight new knowledge, new technology, new equipment and new methods of four, the combination of breaking old training mode, improved traditional training methods, explore the use of simulation-based training methods for training. This requires that the fire commander on the one hand to the in-depth study of the political theory of knowledge, expertise, management, education, knowledge, scientific and cultural knowledge, and other knowledge intensive study; on the one hand, with great concentration to be good at using good old knowledge, but also timely to abandon the old point, bring knowledge continuously enriching update, gradually increase the level of practical training and fire command capability.
　　
2. do a real marine fire rescue training of personnel. Outstanding intelligence, physical ability, skills and mental quality four, the combination of mining potential formation of human and mechanical equipment, technique and tactics. Training content should be based on the principles of practical, functional, traditional training content for proper development and updating, continuing to grope for efficient training methods, so that each of the combatants in the respective number of bits on the proper role to win every battle fire rescue.
　　
3. do the technical training to tactical training. Current training category and subject content, there's even a 60 's, 70 's, old, lack of a high level of training and tactical training, there is no real change from basic training to tactical training. For current marine fire environment, want to achieve by technical training to tactical training changes will finished look at two aspects of the training work. On the one hand, requirements for the technical training of combatants, let the combatants to target a variety of vehicles, ships and equipment, fire apparatus of different features to gradually have to operate, highly skilled and competitive operations. On the other hand it is necessary to reinforce the tactical training, to combat soldier, respectively walkthrough, fire-fighting Squadron and other rescue force corresponding to the various tactical and technical fire environment, in particular, to regular Terminal edge chemical tank and the job of the berthing of ships and land as soon as possible, joint field exercises enhance the overall marine fire rescue. When you want to exercise for different goods fire rescue of actual needs, the various methods of operation, focusing on training to improve the Commander of the organizational capability, fire and rescue cooperative engagement capability and quick reaction capability, a single real life.
　　
3. get around practical learning
　　
What you want in the "short, learn what" principle, through detailed study as soon as possible, in a timely manner on marine fire and rescue personnel in charge of knowledge, improve service ability of Yangtze River economic development. To this end, we must make the following two aspects:
　　
1. have a large fire rescue knowledge and creative knowledge for marine fire rescue practice, is the key to success. It's time to seriously study the various fire service professional knowledge, improve professional skill and tactical level, and make full use of technological means, to put the technology into an existing fire equipment to pull up, maximum efficiency to play the role of the old equipment to meet the needs of the new situation.
　　
2. to put some far-sighted, solid learning fire laws and regulations, various water park, in accordance with the relevant standards, fire supervision and inspection. Supervision and inspection by the fire, the water found in fire management weaknesses and collect the appropriate information and data, the application of modern Office Tools, and scientific analysis of the evaluation, on this basis, in accordance with the ship types are to develop corresponding fire rescue emergency plan, and a number of field exercises, and constantly enrich the emergency plan for feasibility, operability。
　　
At present, water fire safety is becoming more and more widespread attention, fire work on protection of people's lives and property, to prevent fire has played an increasingly important role. In this new environment, as water, fire and rescue personnel must be above glittering emblem fill light, with time to seriously study the marine fire knowledge, trial and pouring into the modern economy of the Yangtze River ship fire water fire and rescue training methods, draw up the appropriate fire rescue plans.

【 Weak current College 】 large and multiple layers of underground parking of drainage design---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Abstract: in a large multi storey underground garage drainage design, peripherals Hill and waterproof ditches, built-in floor drain and set well, and then choose the corresponding power of submersible pumps, drainage in control, "Royal" water in the garage. Keywords: underground garage drainage design set water network submersible pumps in recent years, due to the residential buildings of gentrification and the increase in private car ownership, in the underground construction of one or more layers of underground parking, almost all flats compete to follow, and there are signs of growing. However, because this part of the building that is underground parking of the ground elevation is generally lower than the surface elevation of outdoor water cannot flow into the municipal sewer network, especially storm season, and if improper drainage design, often causing rain dawdles, affect the safety and use of the garage.　　To this end, it is necessary at design time to attach great importance. 1, underground garage for waterproofing and drainage due to underground garage floor elevation than outdoor road elevation, therefore, preventing storm water road pavement when intrusive is the drainage design of the first question, the second, vehicle entrances open part of the collection of rain water, rinse the surface of the water, extinguishing fire hydrant system and water spray systems, how to troubleshoot is the focus of the drainage design.　　According to the characteristics of these drainage, can determine the following drainage programme: in the underground garage entrance up the slope of the Department for certain elevation and set up the first set gullies to blocking outdoor flooring instantaneous water intrusion; minimum in the entrance ramp, then set the second set gullies to intercept the ramp at the rainwater; in the underground garage Interior set floor drain and drain straight tube rinse floor drainage pooling; set just the right amount of water well, buried by a drainage tube collected drainage and submersible sewage pump lifting, emission. 1.1 return water retaining at the slope of the up-slope of the water, it is particularly important in the design, it is related to the storm can resist the road when the garage rain pours. Design, usually in the lane up slope Office a slope 7.5%, higher than the outdoor terrace 300 mm slope, and the highest settings first set gullies, and then to 7.5% slope and outdoor terrace, open channel based in rainwater directly into the sewer system.　　The pools using width £ º1u for 450mm, on steel or cast iron bizi. 1.2 garage floor drainage collection underground garage floor drainage pools where drainage is located, but directly using ground slope and floor drain, garage floor on a certain number of floor drain, then buried by drainage pipes comes to collecting well. According to the garage column spacing, and generally every two cross-column spacing set a floor drain, such as leak located at the junction with the parking lane, you can take full advantage of the ground slope.　　The floor drainer and buried pipe DN100-usually use. In the driveway entrance ramp at Office second set gullies to intercept ramp rain. Due to the pools located at the bottom of the structure, so the depth should not be too big, its size with the first set of gullies.　　According to lane have no cover, should take full account of the catchment area of the ramp, and the next collection wells design flow for verification. 2, underground garage settings and collecting well submersible sewage pump selection for increasing underground drainage and third floor of the garage, just set the layer of ground floor drain and drain (PVC-U), into the bottom floor drain or water well.　　It should be emphasized that in drainage pipe collar should be set on, so as to avoid the spread of fire. Underground garage collection wells should be a grease collection wells 2.1 set settings set well water for garage drainage is important, multi-storey car-especially, when it should generally be set according to the garage and the layout of shapes.　　So each set a water well, will increase the amount of increase sucked for power distribution system and the number of automatic control systems, while at the same time as the setting of water well, the next layer of fabric backplane will be excavated deep processing, growing cost while, at the same time increase the future workload of property management and maintenance costs. In the settings set well, should make full use of the underground garage floor of concrete thickness, drainage pipe buried. As in the underground garage of backplane thickness is usually 500 ~ 600mm, drop-down bar and protective layer distance 250mm, there are 205 ~ 350mm space, you can make from buried pipe drainage through. Design time should take advantage of this height, the drainage of the buried pipe as possible, with minimum slope, drainage pipe buried with minimal design gradient, is the use of "water flows downward" principle, to extend the drainage of the length of the buried pipe, the expansion set the catchment area of water wells.　Set in the water well, but also pay special attention to the following points: (1) each set of water wells in the region should no settlement joints, expansion joints, expansion joint, according to the construction of water supply and drainage design standard stipulates: the building drainage pipes must not cross over into joints. (2) each fire partition must be set independently to drainage water well straight tube through the fire partitions. 　　In the event of fire, although fire shutter will block both fire partitions, but hazard under burial on the garage floor.　　(3) in some non-underground garage, everyone should anti protection unit independent settings set well, drainage buried pipe should not be crossing protection unit, and drainage buried pipe cannot cross the subhuman air defence zone and zone. 2.2 set well design set well mostly collection, storage and regulation of the water well, plane dimensions on underground garage, generally without too many limitations. As long as they meet the installation of submersible sewage pumps and civil construction, dismantling and loading template needs. Set the depth of wells can be divided into three parts: (1) submerged parts: that is the minimum water level below. For small power submersible pump, motor jacket cooling unit and relying on submerged in the water cooling around. This part of the height is the height of submersible pump protection. This value typically submersible sewage pump specifications for each model are provided.　　For 2.2kW or submersible pump, its height is about 300 ~ 400mm. (2) Regulation: namely the effective height. Underground garage drainage flow instability, to guarantee the submersible sewage pump not damaged because of frequent stops, according to the motor construction of water supply and drainage design code requirements, this part of the water volume is not less than the maximum a borehole pumps in automatic control of yield under 5min. At the same time, the height will be set well design depth to decide. Design, meet the requirements of the control device, typically under sensitive to compress this height, taking 500-600mm to reduce the total depth of the water well, to facilitate the design and structure appropriate to reduce cost.　　(3) ultra high sections: General take 300 ~ 400mm, the part to meet the requirements of the control system of the device and the thickness of the cover. 2.3 submersible sewage pumps role according to the overall flow and head, submersible sewage pump performance curve of efficient district select pump. And note the height of the selection of the pump dive pump protection.　　Submersible sewage pumps more preparation for a used one, when the multi-tiered underground garage or displacement is larger, the use of multiple pumps in parallel mode (use a prepared). 2.4 other local garage under the washroom and living facilities, it shall be independent in the discharge of domestic sewage pipe, independent sewage water well, independent diving sewage pump discharge, to avoid waste and odor through the floor drainer escape and snorkel-altitude emission odour, use with cutting or allowed by the corresponding particle-size particles of dirt of submersible sewage pumps.

【 Weak current College 】 fire water system design in a number of problems---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Abstract: as more and more attention to fire problems, building drainage fire problems also affected by the colleagues of concern, the fire protection design specifications as designers must comply with the legal provisions, also allow designers to start more learning and thinking, I recently in NetEase drainage online fire plate served as moderator, and peer exchange, users found a lot of code for the end of the above, it is difficult to reach through discussions and clear conclusions, some problems out and discussion with colleagues, want to be able to communicate with members receive all comments and corrections, at the same time can cause specification preparation group experts, preparation of specifications in the future to modify these issues into consideration.
Its a: buildings》 in roof fire water tank Setup problems with fire problems more and more attention to sewerage in fire problems also affected by the colleagues of concern, the fire protection design specifications as designers must comply with the legal provisions, also allow designers to start more learning and thinking, I recently in NetEase drainage online fire plate served as moderator, and peer exchange, users found a lot of code for the end of the above, it is difficult to reach through discussions and clear conclusions, some problems out and discussion with colleagues, want to be able to communicate with members receive all comments and corrections, at the same time can cause specification preparation group experts, preparation of specifications in the future to modify these issues into consideration. In my opinion, the norms of which has a balanced understanding of the problem, too thick to specific operational execution, is too thin and inevitably some places to look after all aspects, so that the specific difficulties of design difficult to really implement it. Because the specification is used to directly embodied in the design, so it should be actionable, should be very clear, if there is not clear, such as the specification revision parties the controversial, it is recommended that you should upgrade to the next level and make a layer above, should be guaranteed and not been spoken, a vague lists so that most designers and audit plans, fire review officer and the staff are difficult to grasp, the parties understood the ambiguity, the first stage of the programme designers cannot grasp, for example, today I think so, and do a review of the programme, the fire officer considers it possible that after two days of construction drawings ready, review officers for individuals, on the understanding of a particular specification, drawings of work changes, and such a thing occurs frequently, causing a lot of waste that is detrimental to our work, creating a contradiction between the parties, but also to provide an opportunity for some corruption links.　　Violation of norms in the first place. Now intend to do some of the issues in the design of out, analysis and discussion with you.　　Limited to length, intends to tap several articles dealt, this paragraph by paragraph discussion only, set on the roof: the architectural design fire protection standard "GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition), hereinafter referred to as buildings》" section 8.6.3 bar is set high pressure water supply system of the building, such as to guarantee the most negative point fire hydrants and fire sprinkler equipment of water and water pressure, you can not fire water tank. To set up a temporary high pressure water supply system of the building, should fire water tank or air pressure tank, water tower, should meet the following requirements: 1 should the highest parts of buildings set gravity self-leveling fire water tank; second, indoor fire water tank (including air pressure tank and water tower, area water supply system of partition water tanks), should be stored 10min fire water.　　When indoor fire water consumption does not exceed 25 L/s, the calculation of fire water tank storage capacity exceeds 12m3, can still be used indoor fire 12m3; when the consumption of more than 25 L/s, the calculation of fire water tank storage capacity exceeds 18m3, still use 18m3. 1. in the above two in first on a temporary high pressure and high pressure definition, temporary high pressure as we all know, and often high-voltage specification in the provisions of the interpretation of "the ponds or regional high pressure water supply system in the area of high pressure in the water supply system, since there is no clear definition, so in actual design difficult to grasp, first of all say that the scope of the regional concept, difficult to grasp how large is the zone that is building a community or several community or is it a piece of factory area, are not known, so in normal design only ponds can be unanimously recognized, and the regional high pressure understanding many objections, stolen that actually meets the second load, if fire protection equipment, an independent two-channel water supply, or all the way to the water but with indoor outdoor fire fire water tank of water, usually have a special duty fire pump or fire control centre, which can be thought of as high pressure systems, because even if the fire as the focus of its reliability, also has a" degree ", because any security insurance are not absolute, as even the specification defines a constant voltage ponds, maintenance and cleaning time.
These are my humble opinion, did not think that necessarily correct, but still think that if you cannot clear it is better not to write out, at least not everyone in the above fees do think, still can not find a unified understanding. 2. What is the "indoor fire water tank (including air pressure tank and water tower, area water supply system of partition water tanks), should be stored 10min fire water", here 10 minutes fire water we think we should include spray and other fire-fighting equipment of water consumption, however, in accordance with the automatic sprinkler system design code GB50084-2005 (hereinafter referred to as the "spray control on)" temporary-use feedwater 10.3.1 system of automatic sprinkler system, should be set to high fire water tank, the water should be in line with existing provisions of the relevant national standards. Fire cistern, should satisfy the system is the most disadvantageous point minimum working pressure sprayer and spray intensity "it says" system most unfavourable point minimum working pressure sprayer and spray intensity "really refers to the most negative point a sprinkler water or with the" most disadvantageous in 10.3.2 at 4 nozzle in minimum working pressure of the water ", or 10min most unfavourable Department inside the protected area of 10-minute allowance, thisProblems both in buildings》 or the spray control law or forthcoming buildings》 sent manuscripts there are no clear statement.　　For example, if a building with underground parking of multi-storey building, a spray system, using the spray zhongwei ⅱ, spray of water the strength calculation according to the most negative point of protection area to calculate, if water is 30l/s, depending on the density of nozzles and the selection of pipe diameter size some differences, if water hydrant system is 10ls/, if the entire protection area spraying 30l/s flow calculation for a 10-minute water is 18 cubic, because "when the indoor fire water consumption exceeds 25 L/s, the calculation of fire water tank storage capacity exceeds 18m3, still use 18m3" does not need to evaluate other water tank can select 18m3, if in accordance with the "most adverse Office 4 nozzle in minimum working pressure of the water" calculation then 10min 4 only water nozzle should be around 5l/s, i.e. water tank need fire hydrant water 10 × 10 × 60 = 6 m3 and plus 5 × 10 × 60 = 3m3 water to 9 m3, and previously described 18m3 great differences. We usually think of design as rarely in the tank to be able to meet the requirements for head of spraying, so is the need to set up charging system, so the pot ten minutes in the water, the water tank is not taken into account, but we note that the regulation on article 10.3.2 Jet said "no high fire water tank of the building, the system should be set pressure water supply equipment. Pressure water supply equipment for effective water volume, press the system most adverse Office 4 nozzle in minimum working pressure of water determined. 10min　　"So where it is not strictly understood fire water tank, pressure water supply equipment for effective water volume, press the system most adverse Office 4 nozzle in minimum working pressure of water use, however 10min even with a pressure water supply device, when the tank is also should consider sprinkling water, if we are to standardize literally understood, or need.　　Have to ask, this is the specification of intent? if not, the specifications in this section on the vulnerabilities of the statement. There are also questions whether the new old buildings》 had this puzzling that indoor fire water tank calculation of volume should be equivalent to the effective volume of air pressure tank and, if 18 cubic meters, 18 cubic fire water tank did not seem wrong, but 18 cubic effective volume of pressure tank is not acceptable, as we still ask for the original says what it means? current design and illustration work we all understand, therefore, often controversial, but who also persuade someone, ask the expert, is also different, therefore the above view.

【 Weak current College 】 City fire remote monitoring and control alarm system---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Summary: the article according to our current situation of the fire service and the development of modern technology, building fire alarm system remote monitoring and control of the necessity and possibility to explore, analyse the fire remote monitoring alarm system's basic structure, networking options and functionality needs.
1 building city fire remote monitoring and control alarm system necessity of

The city is concentrated in the regions, the population of urban fire often enormous casualties and property damage. In recent years, a variety of new enterprises, more and more the tertiary industry, scale is getting bigger and bigger, while the number of various types of fire, the loss is also increasing. From China's fire losses, the 90 's, urban crime, fire in all heavy, oversized fire in proportion of the number is increasing, especially in public places and malignant fire accidents continued to increase. According to "China Fire Statistics Yearbook statistics indicate that the 1997 ~ 2000 national fire occurred approximately 300, including urban fire accounted for about 80 per cent. In these serious fire, a significant part because of the fire alarm not timely or not implementing on-duty system units and the fire does not have access to timely and effective control, leading to a small fire recipe for disaster. Therefore, the reality of the situation requires modern city fire must form an effective fire prevention network, remote monitoring and control at all times to monitor the key unit of urban fire safety. To do this, you want to keep abreast of monitoring targets of fire safety situation, when a major exception occurs, immediately to monitor alarm, fire, will soon determine fire control and eradication in the embryonic stage, in order to reduce the tremendous urban fire disaster.

2 city fire remote monitoring function of the automatic alarm system

Establishing urban fire remote monitoring network, fire safety key unit of automatic fire alarm system to detect anomalies that can be transmitted through the network notification even real images to fire monitoring center. Sure fire, immediately will fire wiped out to budding, thereby avoiding substantial property damage and casualties. Since the establishment of a fire safety key unit of fire management systems and urban fire command center, the direct link between reduced alarm handling time, improves fire brigade's rapid response capacity to achieve fire alarm full automation offers a new means.

"As main, againstdisappears connections," is our principle of work, the only fire protection work well, in order to minimize fire occurred. By this stage, the fire safety key unit distribution of generalized and fire personnel shortage has always been a rightness of Antinomies. If you have a remote monitoring and control of urban fire auto-alarm system, fire safety key unit and city fire command center direct link between the city of monitoring center to perennial real-time monitoring in all cities of automatic fire alarm system health and personnel on duty, resulting in an overall improved the city's fire management level, strengthening the awareness of fire.

3-building fire alarm system and remote monitoring of technical possibilities

As computer network technologies, particularly Internet technologies, the rapid development of a variety of sensor technology and the development of modern communications technology, making long distance and fire alarm monitoring possible, so that we may be on the basis of modern technologies, establish a city fire remote monitoring and control alarm system. Along with the construction of the information highway, through IP broadband network technologies, such as using MPLSVPN can easily achieve fire proprietary network. Improvement of the degree of automation in buildings as well as smoke sensor, light sensor, temperature sensor and wireless fire alarm system development for municipal fire monitoring system for automatic alarm, remote monitoring provides real world technology base.

4 urban fire remote monitoring alarm system's basic structure

Remote monitoring and control of urban fire alarm system involving urban fire safety focus of the various units, fire management, as well as Internet technology provider, is a complex project. Simply put, remote monitoring and control of urban fire auto-alarm system is to the city's fire safety key unit alarm device through urban fire services private network and fire monitoring center networking.

Which city fire monitoring centre can play by the local fire department, and the various fire safety key unit is as remote information monitoring unit for monitoring center real-time monitoring of all fire safety key unit of an automatic alarm system.

All units and fire alarm monitoring room is the remote monitoring of urban fire auto-alarm system, the unit through its automatic fire alarm system for the collection of information, is responsible for fire alarm system maintenance and context. Once the probe found that the fire, in the user data terminal to the city fire monitoring center warning, the units of video server site image transfer to municipal fire monitoring center. Units of the user data terminal should advance set IP address, so that when the monitoring Center received a unit of an automatic alarm signal to the alarm electronic map location, display alarm unit information, monitor the scene images for confirmation. As monitoring managers, monitoring center is mainly responsible for the various units of the periphery and fire alarm monitoring, treatment units for automatic warning information and real-time monitoring of all the cities in all of the automatic fire alarm system health and staff on duty.

5 city fire remote monitoring alarm system networking scheme

The key unit of fire safety and fire monitoring center networking programme, focusing on establishing what kind of fire the private network. We fire the private network requires mainly has following several points:

(1) stability;

(2) high-speed, high-bandwidth (transfer monitoring image needs);

(3) security;

(4) spend, use cost less. Next, we according to the actual situation and network technology development on fire private network networking programme.

At this stage, the establishment of private network mainly has following several ways, one is through the PSTN (PSTN) for remote dial-up, its main disadvantage is not stable and high cost; the second is hiring data dedicated line (DDN), the main disadvantage is the high cost. And both relative is in the public data network technology to build a private network that VPN. Use VPN technology for municipal fire protection private network should become our optimization program, which can effectively reduce costs, ensure that network communication process in the security of your data.

In addition, as at present, China's 90 per cent of the network LAN Internet IP technologies have been used, IP technology has become the broadband business network's core technology. Broadband metropolitan area network using IP technology, with a unified Ethernet structure, run Unified IP Protocol, without any form of protocol conversion, use MPLSVPN-to-peer technology to easily implement urban fire services dedicated Internet business, we can guarantee that data transmission of high efficiency, high performance, high-bandwidth, and can simplify device, reducing costs.

To sum up, in the broadband IP man used MPLSVPN technology urban fire services private network is by far a better solution. If conditions do not allow it, or you can consider using integrated services digital network (ISDN) with dedicated ISDN router, using dial-up VPN approach as a solution.

6 urban fire remote monitoring alarm system functional requirements

Remote monitoring and control of urban fire alarm system should have the following basic functions:

(1) to consider and 119 command center networking, automatic fire alarm information should be able to carry out electronic map location, display alarm unit information and automatically switch to the on-site monitoring;

(2) due to fire private network built on the public network, you should ensure that network security, the system should have the access control, data encryption, firewalls, network address translation NAT and other security technology means;

(3) fire monitoring centre should be able to fire the entire private network of various equipment for centralized monitoring, remote, remote control, system configuration, alarm data analysis and processing and save the monitoring station for monitoring data;

(4) because of the many fire safety key unit has already installed the "automatic fire alarm system", in the construction of municipal fire remote monitoring alarm system should consider compatibility.

Should be compatible with a variety of means of communication, and can provide a variety of interfaces or a unified interface to all units of automatic fire alarm devices join to make use of existing equipment, as soon as possible and play "remote monitoring and control of urban fire alarm system".

7 remote monitoring and control of urban fire alarm system implementation feasibility

Fire has become a modern city one of the major disaster, more and more people's attention. While the building fire alarm system remote control, minimize risk, improve city fire fire safety has important practical and economic sense. Fire fire alarm remote control and automation, as well as a city fire work information management of important flag. So when in implemented should the local government and the Fire Department's support, publish files or enact local regulations in order to facilitate the work. Establishing urban fire monitoring network management company, is responsible for remote monitoring and control of urban fire auto-alarm system-related work; by local building audit, fire supervision, and other departments, organizations area conditions units and implementation phases, batch join city fire remote monitoring alarm system.

【 Weak current College 】 fire services lifts fire design

Fire service lift is in building fires for fire-fighting and rescue personnel to use and has a certain feature of the elevator. Therefore, the fire service lift has higher fire safety requirements, the design is very important.

First, the role of the fire service lift and set range
Elevator is mainly used in high-rise buildings, is the most vertical linkages, such as the main means of transport were destroyed in the United States the twin towers in 208 elevator. The main types of elevator passenger elevator, elevator service, sightseeing lifts, escalators, lifts and elevators, fire services lifts fire protection in General and passenger elevator, elevator use.
1. set role
Working elevators in fires often because power and does not prevent the use of pyrotechnics, and stop, so set it is necessary to fire the elevator, its main role is: for firefighters to carry fire-fighting equipment into tall; evacuating the injured or sick persons; avoid fire and evacuation personnel in the evacuation of stairs "clash" delayed effect of fire-fighters,; prevent fire evacuation of persons through the stairs to climb a long time, consumption, physical strength is not enough, does not guarantee that rapidly into battle.
2. set the range
The design of high-rise buildings, according to the importance of buildings, height, area, use the properties, set fire lift. Usually building height more than 32 m and is equipped with the elevator of high-rise buildings and building height more than 32 m tall, each fire partitions should be located 1 fire lift; height exceeding 24 m of a building, 10 and 10 storey tower building, 12 and 12 more modular residential and residential construction and architectural tonglangshi height over 32 m in second class, such as high-rise buildings should set fire lift.
3. set the number of
Number of fire elevator based primarily on the floor area. Our provisions, each fire partition at least should set 1 set fire elevator, each floor area of not more than 1500 square meters located 1, more than 1500 square metres but not more than 4500 square meters located 2 units, more than 4500 square meters located 3 units.
4. set location
Fire elevator should be located in different fire zones, to any one partition fire can quickly expand the fight, the plane location convenient to be connected and, on the first floor have direct outdoor exports, or by a long 30 meters of secure channel arrive outside. At design time, it is best to put the fire protection and evacuation staircases and elevator, asylum escape to move closer to the firefighting and rescue people, forming a reliable security zones, two separate staircase also take measures to avoid mutual prejudice formation. In addition, fire zones each room reaches the fire lift safe distance not exceeding 30 m, to ensure that firefighters rescue safety.

Second, the elevator room fire fire design requirements
Fire elevator must be set before the room to smoke and fire fighters. Front room fire design should consider the following:
1. the former room location
The location of the front room should be set by external walls, so that you can use to open the Windows on the wall for natural gas to meet fire protection requirements, and save investment. It requires a whole set of elevator with fire-place is consistent, so that the firefighters arrive quickly, fire elevator entrance into the rescue work.
2. the former room area
The area in front of the Chamber shall be determined by the nature of the buildings, residential buildings should not be less than 4.5 square, public buildings and industrial construction should not be less than 6 square meters. When the fire and smoke stair lift share a front room, front room personnel crossed or stay more, so the area you want to increase the residential buildings should not be less than 6 square meters, public buildings should not be less than 10 square meters, and the short edge of the front room should not be less than 2.5 meters in length.
3. smoke
There should be the former indoor smoke or natural gas facilities, the fire may have a lot of smoke in the vicinity of drain before the Chamber to ensure that firefighters put out the fire and rescue smoothly.
4. set indoor hydrant
Fire Services lifts fire front room should have a vertical tube and fire hydrant. Fire Services lifts fire officer to enter the building on fire part of main attack routes, in order to facilitate an open channel to launch an attack, the room should be set fire hydrant. It is important to note that to set the fire door lower, active small door to facilitate supply belt through the fire door, and not cause Fireworks into the front room.
5. the former room door
Fire service lift front room and corridors of the door should at least use class b fire door or with a stagnation of fire shutter, to form an independent safety areas, but combined with the door before the Chamber cannot take fire shutter.
6. retaining water facilities
Fire door to the elevator room set retaining water facilities, to block the fire produces water from here into the elevator.

3. fire elevator shafts and car design requirements of fire safety
Fire service lift is the elevator car by driving up and down in the elevator shaft movement back and forth, so that the system should also have a higher fire safety requirements.
1. ladder wells should be set up independently
Fire service lift stairwell with other vertical tube separately set, not to other uses of cable laying in the elevator shaft, nor in the wall opening hole. And adjacent to the elevator shaft, engine room, the fire resistance rating should be not less than 2 hours of partition wall separated; the door on the partition, you should set a fire door. Well laid flammable gas is strictly prohibited and a, b, c liquid pipelines.
2. fire resistance of the elevator shaft
In order to ensure that any fire elevator in fire situations persist, elevator shaft must have sufficient fire resistance, fire resistance ratings generally should not be less than 2.5 hours up to 3 hours. In-situ reinforced concrete structural fire resistance rating is generally 3 hours.
3. Wells road and capacity
Fire service lift is located in well road should not exceed 2 lift, design, well road to the top of the exhaust fume fever. Cabin load should consider 8 to 10 firefighters weight, minimum should be no less than 800 kilograms net area should not be less than 1.4 flatSquare meters.
4. car decoration
Fire elevator car interior not combustion materials should be used, the internal pager buttons, and so too should have a fire safety measures to ensure that no tobacco lose heat influence.

IV. fire elevator electrical system design requirements of fire safety
Fire power and electrical system is the normal operation of the fire service lift reliable protection, so that the electrical system of fire safety is also critical.
1. fire power
There should be two road fire elevator. In addition to the daily line provides power, supply the emergency fire elevator dedicated special power supply circuit, and is equipped with clearly marked so that it is not affected by the fire off, the line laying must conform to fire electricity equipment distribution line.
2. dedicated button
Fire service lift should in the first layer for firefighters dedicated action button, the device is unique to fire the elevator button, set in the Almighty fire elevator door lock device. Firefighters a press this button to fire the elevator can be forced to the bottom or any specified floor, at the same time, the work elevator stopped falling to the bottom, fire power began to work, open the exhaust fan.
3. the function convert
Usually, the fire service lift can be used as a working elevators, fire to fire service lift. Its control system should be set switching device, so that the fire can quickly adapt to changing conditions, the special requirements of fire elevator.
4. emergency lighting
Fire elevator and former Interior emergency lighting should be set to ensure the normal work of firefighters.
5. dedicated phone and control button
They should fire the elevator car is equipped with private telephone and control buttons for firefighters in fire-fighting and rescue in maintaining contacts with the outside world, you can also directly with the fire control centre. Control buttons are firefighters own manipulation of elevator equipment.

5. fire lift fire safety design of the other requirements
1. fire service lift speed
Our elevator speed under fire from the first floor to the top of the run time does not exceed 60 seconds to determine, for example, the height of 60 meters of construction, to choose speed of 1 m per second fire elevator; height at 90 meters of construction, to choose speed per second 1.5 m fire service lift.
2. bottom drainage facilities
Fire elevator shaft should drain and drainage facilities. If you fail to fire the elevator in the underground, you can directly use the bottom of the water discharged to the outdoors, to prevent the rainy season water poured in drain wall location set single flow valve. If you cannot directly to outdoor, SDT or next to the creation of a not less than 2 cubic meters of water tank, with a displacement of less than 10 per second of the pump will pool water pumping to the outdoors.

【 Weak current College 】 water extinguishing fire on electric devices of several methods

In the special conditions or any other fire extinguishing agent, how to use water for fire-fighting water conductivity,? the DC gun of the water fight with live electrical equipment for fire-fighting personnel, is harmful to the body. Therefore, in fire-fighting equipment in a live situation, we usually have to cut off the power, then fighting. However, as a result of production or other reasons cannot cut off the power, you need a live fire.
When a charged fire-extinguishing water, charged body and injection of water, water gun, the human body and the ground will form a current loop, the loop of the current size of the human body have a direct impact on safety. If we add the water, the water gun on the current directly into the Earth, human plus insulation protection system, you can protect the safety of the personnel of the fighting. Here are several live fire with water.


1. in metallic water gun nozzle installed earth wire
Earth wire available section 5-10mm, long 2-5m of copper wire. Grounding rods available around iron 1m or iron, fighting personnel wear insulated gloves and insulated rubber boots.

In a charged fire-extinguishing water gunman before, should be grounded to end firmly attached to the metal water gun nozzle, the other end of the connection with the grounding rods, and the grounding rods into the underground O.5 meters, if Earth wire with other grounding connection request contact good, holding the position of the hands when the gun must be placed in the Earth lead back, select the distance with charged bodies, then shooting water fight.

2. wear are bent

Currently used are bent in two ways: one is the cotton fiber or copper animal fiber and yarn twisting of knit interweaving of cloth, cotton by electroless copper or silver. Both are bent in cotton or cotton inside, contains a large component of metal conductors. Use made of this material are you including: hats, gloves, clothing, socks, shoes, etc, and the sole is made of conductive rubber. In wear are subdued, be sure to put clothes, gloves, socks and shoes as well between the two clips, which are screwed together of copper wire, forming a well grounded and, depending on the voltage of the size selected water distance, using metal water gun shooting water fight.

3. wear insulated gloves, insulated boots

Wear insulated gloves and insulated boots when a charged fire with water, to select the most experienced water gunmen, maximize water gun nozzle to the distance between the charged body, to take measures to prevent water drops into the gloves and rubber boots, insulation Board, for the fire, to point the way water falling on fire. In General, it is best not to use the full water column directly to the fire, to prevent danger.

4. using the spray water

In DC gun muzzle on a two-stage centrifugal installed spray head, shall become the two-stage centrifugal spray gun. This water gun shoot out of the water flow of atomization of good, almost not conductive. Experiment proves that, when the water gun nozzle distances 127 kV charged body 5 m, and 7 kg per square centimetre for live fire under hydraulic pressure, there is no leakage of water flow, its range of up to 8-9 metres.

This fog nozzle for live-fire, water gun can not grounded, direct live fire. But according to the size of the selected range of voltage, fire pump pressure per square cm should be maintained for 5-7 kg, and in the water gun out of the normal spray water before the charged body that put out the fire.

【 Weak current College 】 several common household appliances use considerations---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Air conditioning: air conditioning should avoid curtain; not a short time continuous cutting, connecting AC power; when a power outage or pull the plug, be sure to select the switch on the "stop" position, power-on-startup steps again; running any smell or smoke, should be immediately shut down.
TV: TV in ventilated, dry place to avoid vibration, impact, collision, temperature at hot or humid conditions cause a short circuit in watching TV, and if found screen with irregular black spots (line), brightness suddenly dimming, image distortion, machine smoke or smell, turn on after the screen is off and shut down after a bright spot, etc., should be shut down.
Refrigerators: refrigerator not stored chemical dangerous goods; condenser with walls keep a certain distance away; electrical control equipment failure should be immediately shut down maintenance; refrigerator is powered off, at least 5 minutes before restarting.
Recorder: no separate power switch of the recorder is switched off when not in use, and in particular do not live the power supply for the night; high season usually do not work continuously for more than 5 hours; keep the liquid into the radio; wet season should be regularly open cover flood tide.
Washing machine: just use gasoline is strictly prohibited, and other flammable liquids immediately cleaned clothes in the washer washing inside; always check washing machine power inlet, do not use wear, aging or cracked wires; do not put the keys, coins, and other hard things with clothes in the washer; not to over-capacity.
Cordless phone: don't buy the "three" inferior products; use sub machines transformers, it is necessary to pay attention to could not charge and discharge over a long period of time, such as a long time away from home must pull the socket; use sub machine transformer, near don't display newspaper, magazine and lighters, etc, its the best seat dedicated transformer socket.
Electric heaters: avoid electric heater and surrounding objects are too close, is strictly prohibited in the clothing on baking heater; note that the connection with electric power facilities; prevent excess voltage or low voltage long-running; preventing long-term heat insulation ageing circuit; should set the short circuit, earth leakage protection device.
Electric stoves: purchase should buy a qualifying product; in the use process should have people care; use the table below must be non-combustible material; select and electric stoves power matching conductors; then, plug in the parts and keep in touch and stay dry.
Rice cooker: rice cooker around certain range should not be flammable, combustible items and drop LPG cylinders; to have fixed the power outlet, the line is connected firmly; rice cooker cook soup, water heating, manned; electric heating plate and the outer surface is not neiguo stained with grain and other debris; use neiguo to put forward, turning it down later return to, and cannot be used in place of ordinary aluminium cookwares neiguo.
Vacuum cleaners: continuous use time should not be too long to prevent motor overheating burning; the power outlet is not appropriate and other power large household appliances at the same time; do not use water washing vacuum cleaner body parts; do not use a vacuum cleaner suction matches, cigarette butts, nails, glass fragments, etc.; shall be cut off the power after use, timely pour away the dust.
Fans: before using electric fans each year to check whether there is a damaged power lines; use fans should note that moisture, Sun protection, anti dust; open fan should start in the low-speed electric fan and then stalls to high-speed rail, the power supply voltage to meet the requirements, often to the oil hole parts injection lubricants.
Hair dryer: hair dryer in power use, people can't leave, nor can conveniently placed on the desk, bed, sofa, table and stool

Pad, fuel; hair dryer use is finished, remember to set the power plug from the socket unplug; experienced a temporary power outage or failure, remember to disconnect the plug.
Electric blankets: buy electric blankets should purchase through national quality inspection departments inspection qualified products; electric blankets must be tiled in sheets or a thin mat below, must not be folded up; leave or power failure, you must disable the power plug of the electric power; 30 minutes should be allocated to low-temperature thermostat switch stalls; do not shop have electric blankets bed up; use easy packing process should be avoided in fixed locations was repeated collapses open; wet or soiled electric blankets, cannot scrub scrubbing, soft brush dipped in water cleaning, dry rear use; the average life expectancy of electric blankets for 5 years or so, use the failure to feed to the manufacturers or repair shop maintenance, repair of electric blankets, it's a good idea to power observation after 2-3 hours.

【 Weak current College 】 automatic fire alarm system management and maintenance

Automatic fire alarm system is a State-of-the-art technical facilities, fire not only expensive, and the use of performance is strong, so the user upon installation, it is necessary to strengthen the management and maintenance of fire-fighting role to play in full. For automatic fire alarm system management and maintenance are made the following comments.
Automatic fire alarm system is a State-of-the-art technical facilities, fire not only expensive, and the use of performance is strong, so the user upon installation, it is necessary to strengthen the management and maintenance of fire-fighting role to play in full. For automatic fire alarm system management and maintenance are made the following comments.

(A) strengthen the automatic fire alarm system technology management of archival materials.

At present, some use units overlook on the automatic fire alarm system of the archives of finishing and saved. Late "system" archives of finishing and save a very important role, not only to provide information on the fire service, for the "system" and its management and maintenance are important reference value. Care must be taken:

In automatic fire alarm system installation has been completed, the user should be in the design, construction, installation of units in respect of the system of construction drawings and technical data and installation of technical records and system sections test records, reports, commissioning and acceptance report, etc, the establishment of technical files, safekeeping, for the query. At the same time, in the "system" in the opening run before should establish the appropriate procedures, on-duty staff duty, duty to record, display system in the building location plan or simulation, system running form, such as equipment maintenance records to enable managers to observe in their work.

(2) trigger device in use common problems and troubleshooting.

For detecting device for environmental conditions change, but you cannot apply by design, the construction sector, the timely replacement. If the room to the kitchen, the boiler house, boiling water, generator room when it should be changed to smoke-detector temperature sensor type detector. As far as determination of smoke-detector environment temperature of around 50 ° c in General, or they can fail; but fixed temperature detector action rated temperature should be higher than the ambient temperature 10 ℃-35 ℃.

To prevent outside interference or accidental damage. For detectors is not only to prevent smoke, dust and similar aerosol, small animal intrusion, water vapor condensation, icing, and other external natural factors taken as a result of false positives, but also to prevent man-made factors such as shelves, storage rack for storing or equipment, partition, separated on the detector and manual alarm button.

For the second place, the decoration is necessary to pay attention to check the original detector and alarm buttons, and so on are intact, if available, the line. If the above issues must be repaired or replaced, otherwise the alarm beep will occur.

Note on the detector of cleaning and the care of spare parts. In order to keep it in good condition, properly, you should run the probe opened two years later, every three years all cleaning again.

(3) alarm device checks.

When the checks are carried out on a fire detector smoke with special tools for hands-on inspection. When fire detectors in after receiving a smoke alarm acknowledgement lights to indicate that the detector is working, at the same time to the alarm controller issued a fire signal. Also check whether there is a clock, no fire time records. Inspection, the person on duty should promptly the silencers, reset in case of long make the device component is damaged.

(4) power check

You can check the automatic fire alarm system of an AC power by and large equipment power together cause fluctuations. When you find the automatic fire alarm system of power supply lines and other use of lighting, power lines and the same loop, measures should be taken to separate settings, ensure that the automatic fire alarm system separate circuit power supply. Check the automatic fire alarm system voltage offset is in the allowed range, the measures to be taken of the surge. Check the main power and standby power supply automatic switching between normal, you can cut off the power, check its can be converted to the standby power supply, if there is failure, measures should be taken. Power check general each quarter to standby power supply for 1-2 times the charge and discharge test, 1 – 3 main and standby power supply automatic switching test.

(5) ensure the coordinated control system's normal operation.

Coordinated control system to protect the building security has a very important role on indoor hydrant systems, automatic sprinkler systems, electric fire doors, fire shutter, ventilation and air conditioning, smoke exhaust equipment and electric fire damper control device actions to guarantee the functioning properly, check if the linkage system action properly, signal will feedback to fire control rooms, if no feedback on device failure, it shall promptly take measures to eliminate.

On halon, carbon dioxide, foam, dry powder, fixed fire-extinguishing system, you can check through simulation test.

You should also check whether mandatory fire control center elevator stopped on the first floor.

Fire accident in the test, whether the speaker when the broadcast is working, you should be able to switch to the fire radio channel.

On all fire and evacuation of led lights to test fire control devices can be connected, and whether the normal action.

Check all switch if the power switch, fire switch, smoke, fire doors, fire shutter, changeover switches, alerts, transfer switch, emergency lighting switch, and so is the action.

For check in, staff should be processed in a timely manner to ensure that the entire system is in good condition.

【 Weak current College 】 large and medium-sized supermarket fire safety hazards and solutions

1. electrical line should meet the electrical safety and long-term load development requirements

1.1 calculation and select wire cross-section

The electrical design specifications are required in the choose when the conductor wires containing flow must be greater than the load current, but some factors often inadvertently leave a fire hazard.

(1) wire different laying (such as the downlead and concealed; wear noncombustible protection and wear galvanized pipe protection, etc.), its thermal conditions are different, depending on the circumstances of the current fixed wire;

(2) conductors of ambient temperature correction: wire to the ground, underground or laying in the air will be subject to the annual average temperature of warmest month increased by 5 ° c to correct its allowed current-ratings of the parallel laying; allows current should be calibrated by tie; on the ceiling (close top) temperature correction should give special attention, in wire and cable section select the configuration you can increase the level and, at the made other design jobs, ensure good ventilation within the ceiling;

(3) should consider the possibility of increasing power consumption.

In electrical design depending on the circumstances, the conductor cross-sectional area of the appropriate zoom level 1-2, which increases the investment, but in the long run, but it is.

1.2 line laying

Power cable and signal wire should be laid, when the power cord must be parallel to wear metal pipe or armoured cable; line laying to make full use of concealed, need downlead should pay special attention to the choice of the electric wire electric cable and the laying of the way in ensuring fire safety partitions not thereby compromised; line should maintain a certain level the heat source and vertical distance.

Wire, cable's selection:

(1) selection of copper-core cables as possible, avoid using aluminum conductor lines;

(2) must be in accordance with the requirements of electrical circuit fire retardant, choose to use fire or fire-wire, cable. This not only from the electrical lines, better prevention of fire, and be better able to ensure that fire is fire power of electricity reliability and security.

2, the perfect room for internal and external lightning intrusion system

Room lighting focuses on preventing the invasion of lightning. Lightning by Lei lightning currents generated strong electromagnetic fields and the conductor induction over voltage, over current formation of lightning. Based on national standards for the building mine design code GB50057-94 (2000 version), for lightning protection design, in order to prevent lightning waves from signal cable or communications line, you must access the device signal cable and communication line interface, power lines, and other ports with the corresponding surge arrester, to limit the lightning produces high voltage, thereby protecting the safety of the device. Computer room cabling cannot be laid along the wall to prevent lightning walls reinforced strong instantaneous transmission of lightning current, magnetic induction in the engine room the line and the device is striking.

In addition, attention should be paid to the choice of reliable quality, good performance, energy match proper surge arrester and professionally installed.

3, power supply unit earthing design

According to the power unit of the technical requirements and the region's geography, geology, take different measures to the most high performance price ratio, as far as possible the introduction of new technologies and new materials to the design resistance of the Constitution: the grounding resistance is determined by the grounding wire resistors, grounding, grounding surface and the soil of contact resistance, beginning from the grounding to the distant (20m) diffusion current the path soil resistance, i.e., bulk flow resistance.

Reduce the resistance of the main measures: grounding resistance in the first two parts of the grounding resistance ratio smaller, decisive is the contact resistance and bulk flow resistance. They reduce the grounding resistance from both parts of the work, may be the best grounding planted depth, length grounding technology and chemical resistance-reducing agent, and other technologies to reduce contact resistance and bulk flow resistance.

3.1 vertical grounding of best burying depth

According to the formula: R = p/2 p r = π-π/2 L (p is the soil resistivity, L for vertical grounding of burying depth) is visible, R and L inversely, to reduce the R, L, the larger the better. But the type partial differential: aR/aL = π-p/2 L 2 available: when increasing L to a certain extent, reducing resistance rates aR/aL approach zero. Therefore, the design should press ground grid equivalent RADIUS,

Geological situation in the region to determine the General take 1.5-3.5m suitable.

3.2 long grounding techniques

Usually in the grounding network, each single grounding laid spacing, equal to the length of a single grounding for two times, when the current flows when the single grounding by restraint and prevent current circulation that is equal to the increase of the single grounding bulk flow resistance, this impact current drift phenomenon, known as the masking effect. Can not wait long grounding techniques, that is, the length of the vertical grounding are equal. In the grounding of the layout, arrangement taken as vertical grounding for two long short or a long two short so that grounding group of shielding effect reduced to a minimum.

3.3 use chemical resistance reducing agent

Resistance-reducing agent itself is a good conductor, will it be used in grounding and soil between, on the one hand, and the metallic grounding in close contact, reduce the grounding and soil formation of contact resistance, sufficiently large current flow cross section; on the other hand, it can be to the surrounding soil permeability and reduce soil resistivity around in grounding a variation of low resistance area, lower contact resistance and bulk flow resistance has a significant effect.

4. appropriate use of temperature sensor cable type temperature measurement system

Because the engine room the cloth has plenty of power and signal line, monitoring to track the temperature to prevent abnormal fire is important. A temperature sensor cable type temperature measurement system for cable temperature online measuringTo keep informed of cable temperature variations, the timely detection of cable faults and alarm. The system has good computer interface, you can display cable channel modeling diagram, display the actual sensor to monitor the location and all the cable type, length, cross section, intermediate connector location parameter, when you run when an exception occurs in the cable, the display and audio, are available through computer cable channel simulation map view directly, and can quickly and accurately determine the actual location of the failure, and improves the reliability of the cable operation and technical management.

5. other considerations

Battery compartment (VRLA batteries excluded) should be used in explosion-proof lamps, installing exhaust equipment, the power switch located in the outdoor power transformer; electromechanical equipment, conveyor belts used motor should be installed in non-burning material, and setting the protection bar; the long-term use of UPS uninterruptible power supply, should inspect their fever, avoid fire and fire prevention measures.

Electric lines, electrical equipment should be installed in accordance with the norms of professional electrician. Lighting lines across the ceiling or other shelter to wear metal pipe laying, connectors, junction boxes to install; the engine room the prohibition of private add confusion, power cord, you need to use a temporary power cables, to double sheath cable. Electrical line shall be crossed or wear one air conditioning ventilation pipe; room is strictly forbidden to

Use-tungsten lights, heat lamps, lighting and fuel distance should be greater than 0.5m. Lamps and ballasts will not install on combustible, flammable materials; the engine shall not use electric furnace, heat appliances. Power transformer should be installed in non-combustible material base, and set protection bar.

6, telecom room should be set up automatic alarm and automatic fire extinguishing device in inert gases

Automatic alarm for use with the smoke or heat probe two functions, can be located in the ceiling, activities under the floor, ventilation pipes, inside of the machine, the power room, tape and disk protection establishments keep spare parts, appliances and communication equipment, etc. At the same time, in the appropriate parts but also additional manual alarm device in order to achieve early detection of fire; automatic fire extinguishing appliances to choose carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system or smoke burnt into the acquisition fire extinguishing system. Equipped with automatic fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing equipment for computer room, set fire control rooms; there should be no question of private fire power supplies and DC standby power supply, with both automatic and manual trigger. Set the automatic fire fighting facilities of the region, its wall and fire resistance of the door should not be less than 1 hour fire resistance of the ceiling may not be lower than 0.25 hours; air conditioning system with alarm control system with control switch, electric heater and fan with switch to chain control. Pipe through the room wall and floor Office should be located fire dampers, working temperature up to 25 degrees centigrade.

【 Weak current College 】 oil extraction production of fire management-the Power By 【 China power house network 】

Oil extraction production means used solvent extract oil in oil production. It is a solid mixture: immersion in selected solvents, some of the easy dissolving solution dissolved into, and then use solvents than grease lightly, volatile features for distillation, the most solvent extraction fuel gasification, resulting in oil.
In recent years, oil extraction production in several major cotton-producing regions to develop faster, a lot of cotton processing factory of the oil workshop new on oil extraction process for cotton processing and utilization of opened a new road. Oil extraction process advantages of oil is primarily a high rate of oil, such as pressing method or water generation process oil, biscuits in residual oil generally in 4 percent, and leaching process oil, meal oil residue can be controlled at 0.5 — 1 per cent. And extracting oil after meal, due to temperature is low, good quality, can be widely used in animal feed, fertilizer and food processing industry. However, oil extraction solvents used in the production of mostly with flammable and explosive characteristics of organic solvents in production, equipment pipes produced electrostatic, impact, friction caused by fire and explosion has occurred from time to time. Currently, our province has been completed or are in the construction of oil extraction production projects mostly foreign oil extraction plant technology transfer, in architectural design and installation of production are some problems with the production slightly occurs inadvertently, major fires, so we should strengthen the oil extraction production of fire management. The following interview on oil extraction production of fire-proof technology issues a preliminary discussion on:

First, the workshop building

1. leaching of oil production in the case of a mode of production, the factory of fire-resistance ratings should not be less than level 2, fire resistance of building elements to comply with the national architectural design fire protection norms. Solvent library as category a goods store, fireproof grade level, to be built in underground or half-underground to prevent solvent mixture of powder, or solvent extraction plant library should have not less than 1.5 m solid walls, set the danger signs, draw a closed area.

2. extraction plant should be lightweight roof and doors, relief of area and volume ratios powerhouse (m/m) 0.05 to 0.10, plant more than 1000 cubic meters in volume should not be less than 0.03 when, the workshop Office cannot be located, lounge, laboratories, etc. Workshop and solvent library around there should be no less than 6 meters wide fire channel.

3. extraction plant, solvent library in the General layout, fire distance should not be less than building fire codes required data.

Second, equipment installation

1. the mixed solvent, oil pipeline to connect with welding, pipeline low recess should device venting valve, to exclude the accumulation of solvent or water.

2. extraction plant is equipped with a pipe trench, trenches, to prevent overflow into the waste solvent gases. To non-solvent pipes, steam pipelines and cables installed in the same tunnel.

3. mixed solvent, oil pipeline, if equipped with the glass tube or perspective window, in which both ends of unit valves for glass breakage and closure.

4. extraction plant's equipment on the prohibition of the use of belt drive, which should be in the chain-gear drive and keep the lubricant to prevent sparks.

III. electrical equipment and lightning protection devices

Electrical equipment for electric discharge is solvent vapor ignition and explosion of one of the main reasons, which must meet the following requirements for fire and explosion.

1. extraction plant, meal library, solvent library are Q-2-level explosion hazardous areas and, therefore, the electric motor and electrical switches, instruments, lighting, etc. all electrical facilities to use explosion-proof installation of non-explosion-proof, lighting, power outlet, power clock, phone, Bell, etc.

2. extraction plant power distribution unit, control room from the production site of distance cannot be less than 10 meters.

3. solvent base, extraction plant to have good lightning protection against static electricity installations, their SPD grounding resistance does not exceed 10 Ω, anti-static grounding not greater than 4 Ω; in order to prevent lightning step voltage, the device also from the building's metal components and factory sidewalk not less than 5 m.

4. storage and handling of solvents

1. best use of semi-underground tanks (tank diameter of two-thirds of the underground), solvent base structure with noncombustible material composition, exposing the ground segment must have good heat and cooling appliances, building internal and external to the exhaust pipe to keep the air circulation, storage tank to be equipped with a breathing valve, arrestor; no open storage solution.

2. when handling solvents to a restricted area, around 50 meters without flame. Solvents handling to light move and put to prevent violent vibration, impact, tilting pressure and stress to avoid breakage of solvent leakage and vessel. Irrigation unloading solvents is prohibited from height to the container to prevent spillage of the impact of strong electrostatic charge, solvents in the pipeline that you want to control the flow rate must not exceed 4 metres per second, the means of solvents, to be able to generate static equipment or vehicle installation and reliable grounding device.

5. fire fighting facilities

Extraction plant and solvent library you want to configure a certain number of chemical foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical extinguisher; also set fire to the fire, not the burning buildings, equipment and containers for water cooling.

6. security operations management

1. in the production process, the operator should always check the transmission equipment lubrication conditions, regularly check the water separator, water discharges of wastewater has a solvent.

2. always check the electrical equipment for sealing and grounding device is good.

3. maintenance equipment in order to avoid that sparks the lang Tau, crowbar, impact tools, wood or copper, ground also laying protective layer, so that tools and parts to impact or friction sparking.

4. parking maintenance, to devices in the stock of clean solvent and meal, and the solvent library and shop connected pipe close, steam equipment within the solvent gases all excluded.

5. dipThe workshop, within 30 m of solvent library cannot by automobiles, tractors, car battery, animal-drawn vehicles, etc., into the extraction plant is strictly forbidden to wear synthetic clothing and shoes with Iron nails, shall not use any form of Flash in the workshop photography.

6. extraction plant to accommodate two more solvent concentration measuring instrument, the most high concentration in the air of solvents is not superior 0.4mg/c, close to the ventilation to be conducted in a timely manner. Extraction plant of measuring instruments (such as gauges, vacuum table) each year to review or a correction.

【 Weak current College 】 gas station security fire management-the Power By 【 China power house network 】

1 open fire management
1.1 productive fire management

PFS except in special circumstances require maintenance, the General should control hot jobs. PFS hot job must be reported to the competent Department approval. Includes fire causes of the job, location, time and appropriate safety precautions. Level fire job shall be submitted to the approval of the local fire department. Where there is no approved fire jobs, should be visually violation. There is no implementation of fire prevention measures and specify the hot job responsibility, will be allowed to fire a job. Electric-welded, gas blast job seekers must have special types of operation card holders. The following describes the production of fire, electric welding, gas welding on-site operations of fire management.

1.1.1 welding and cutting open flame job in fire and explosion prevention

In welding and cutting job before it is first necessary to clearly understand the job tasks, the job site on a gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel containers, equipment, operations before the adoption of a second look, ask, three of the four olfactory, measuring, inspection methods should never blindly welding and cutting. For welding and cutting operating environment complex temporary workplaces, to develop synergies with the relevant departments to implement programmes for safe operation, make up, pointing, for measures to implement the special job post responsibility system.

In order to prevent the welding and cutting the open fire in a fire, explosion, in security management should take the following measures:

A) units. In flammable and explosive place and no-fire zone, you should put the welding and cutting pieces down to migrate to a security zone for welding and cutting.

B) isolation. To do not disassemble the welding and cutting parts, welding and cutting of parts or equipment and other inflammable strict isolation.

C) cleaning. On the storage of flammable and explosive liquid equipment and piping for welding and cutting before you use hot water, steam or acid, Lye to clean residual liquid. On the pollutants not stripping angle, you should eliminate clean before cleaning.

D) removal of dangerous goods. The job site of the dangerous goods moved out, there is no placement within 5m inflammable.

E) open device. By welding and cutting equipment, job before unloading, to open all manhole, valves, etc.

F) strengthen ventilation. In flammable and explosive gas (oil vapour) indoor job should ventilate the room of inflammable, explosive and toxic gases discharged from an outdoor before welding and cutting jobs.

G) prepare fire equipment. For a different job sites and welding objects with a certain number of fire fighting equipment.

H) fire monitoring. On-site hot jobs, there should be a firefighter for guardianship. On the risk of fire, if necessary, make enterprise full-time firefighters on site monitoring.

1.1.2 the prohibition of the production of fire

One of the following situations, security managers, welder has the right to refuse to welding and cutting:

A certificate of no operation) welder, and no formal technical guidance given at the welder, cannot carry out welding and cutting jobs.

B) where special fire jobs as well as primary and secondary fire operation range of welding and cutting, does not go through the fire and approval procedures that cannot be arbitrarily for welding and cutting.

C) welder does not understand the welding spot around, not blind welding and cutting; not understanding device structures and devices internal safety cannot be welding and cutting.

D) contain a combustible gas (liquid), easy-to-gas (liquid), toxic substances in a container, without a thorough cleaning, welding and cutting.

E) flammable materials do secondary, heat insulation, sound insulation parts, take effective and reliable security measures cannot be welding and cutting.

F) pressure or sealing of containers, pipelines cannot welding and cutting.

G) welding and cutting sites nearby inflammable and explosive goods, without making a thorough clean-up or take effective security measures, no welding and cutting.

H) and external units adjacent to the site, without know-unit has affected, or not knowing the dangers and to take practical and effective security measures, no welding and cutting.

I) welding and cutting establishments and other types of work in the vicinity of the conflict, not welding and cutting.

1.1.3 welding and cutting open flame job considerations

Welding and cutting operations caused by the fire and explosion, a lot is happening at the open fire job end stage, or after the end of the project. Therefore, the gas station in productive fire job security, is also a very important task, their notes are as follows:

After a) job should check whether it has openly welded, fake welding and welding quality meets requirements such as the need for a small number of welding and should also be taken seriously, similar to implement security precautions.

B) device by welding or heating, must be completely cooling to pay, the unloading oil jobs; welding of oil container, must be approved by the water pressure, pressure test, qualified to use.

C) welding and cutting job is finished, you must timely clean, wipe the legacy of the fire, turn off the power supply, air supply.

1.2 household fire management

Gas station life fixed point must with fire and gas station complete isolation of hazardous explosive areas, fixed by fire point determines should be determined by the competent Department of audit. New petrol stations in the design of the corresponding life fixed fire point for system design. Fixed domestic fire point determine responsibility, be fixed, fixed, fixed equipment, measures, fixed fuel.

1.2.1 live fixed point management requirements with fire

A) stationmaster should life fixed point has overall responsibility for the use of fire, often on the station staff security fire prevention education, increasing employee safety and fire safety responsibilities, overcome the vigilance and luck, while making appropriate use of fire management system.

B) gas station life fixed fire points must be consistent with the vehicle refueling station design and construction specifications, safety distance requirements.

C) specifies a full-time or part-time staff responsible for the fixed point of the fire with fire management, fire, fire extinguishing one should be a person, really foolproof.

1.2.2 other fire safety management requirements

A) where every major holiday, a gas station near the living areas, neighbourhoods may discharge fireworks, firecrackers. Especially some fireworks, channeling line distance and height of the great threat to the safety of the gas station. To this end, before visiting residents speak clear, you can also use the "tell residents in the form of a letter". At the same time, the contact with the local police departments, in gas stations around the region clearly defined ' Fireworks zone, and to strengthen on-duty patrol.

B) gas station in business rooms, lounges and other places, the prohibition of the use of electric appliances such as electric bucket, heat faster, etc.

C) water filling stations, vessel to refuel, a crew member to ban smoking; II to extinguish fire (stove). Combined with good oil after leaving AOL launched 1m.

D) control xianzarenyuan stay, preventing them from free use of fire.

E) Prohibition of the use of the service station refueling site mobile phones, beepers, communications equipment.

2 fire equipment selection and maintenance of

2.1 fire equipment configuration

A) 2 dispenser should be set for a period of not less than 1 4kg extinguishers or 1 6L foam fire extinguishers. Dispenser for less than 2 by 2 table calculation.

B) ground storage tanks should be set 35kg push mftz 2. When both the distance between the media tank more than 15m, should be set.

C) underground storage tanks should be set 35kg trolley dry chemical fire extinguisher 1. When both the distance between the media tank more than 15m, should be set.

D) primary and secondary fuel station should be configured space 5 blocks, sand 2m3. Three-level gas station should be configured space 2 block, sand 2m3.

Gas station in configuration fire equipment, distribution to the tank farm, the unloading area, oiled area mainly placed neatly, where reasonable, roads, and convenience.

2.2 fire equipment use and maintenance of

Fire equipment maintenance of good and bad, the direct impact on its use and life. Therefore, you must strengthen the fire equipment maintenance and management, to be the "four fixed", i.e.: constant human management, regular checks, scheduled maintenance, periodic dressing, ensuring good and effective. At the same time, the gas stations each employee to learn about equipment name, performance, usage, and ensure that the correct action, correct use. Here are a few common use and maintenance of fire extinguishers.

2.2.1 chemical foam fire extinguishers

The extinguisher is mainly used for fire extinguishing oil products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and benzene, toluene, etc of the beginning of a fire. It can also be used for fire extinguishing of solid substances. Foam fire extinguishers are not suitable for extinguishing fire and gas electric equipment fires. Foam fire extinguishers have chemical foam Tim fire extinguishers and two air-foam fire extinguishers.

Chemical foam fire extinguishers Jet out of foam is chemical foam. Chemical foam and air bubbles in the difference is that chemical foam contained in gas carbon dioxide gas; the air bubble within the containing gas into the air. Chemical foam fire extinguishers are portable and trolley.

Chemical foam fire extinguishers Jet out of foam is chemical foam. Chemical foam and air bubbles in the difference is that chemical foam contained in gas carbon dioxide gas; the air bubble within the gas to the air. Chemical foam fire extinguishers are portable and trolley.

A) portable chemical foam fire extinguishers

Portable chemical foam fire extinguishers from the cylinder, cylinder cover, nozzle and bottle of bile, etc. Usually, a bottle of bile in the aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate, shell built-in is aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate. When the fire extinguisher upside down, two solutions blend, reacts, blasting out of the foam. In spray foam, fire extinguishers should be kept out of vertical State, cannot come for transverse or stand upright, spray interruption. As fire extinguishing combustible solid substances, should put the nozzle at the burning most violent crack Office Jet; such as fighting vessel oil fire, bubble jet in the container walls, allowing the foam along the wall down, such as fighting mobile oil fires, the operator should stand in the wind direction, and to minimize foam Jet angle to the ground, so that the foam from near and far to gradually cover the entire oil surface.

H) foam fire extinguishers maintenance and inspection

For maintenance of fire extinguishers, you should note the following;

① place of temperature-8 ~ 45 ℃.

② extinguishers shall be easily accessible locations and at the same time, care should be taken to a cool, dry, well ventilated, prevent rust corrosion or fire extinguishers.

③ frequently check fire extinguishers nozzle is blocked, if you have blocked, should promptly dredging.

④ regular check fire extinguishers have no corrosion or damage to the surface paint without shedding, mild peeling should promptly patched; significant corrosion, professional maintenance departments should be sent.

⑤ across the half-yearly periodical check, check the following:

Remove lid, check whether the firm installed filters, filter is blocked, check the lid sealing rubber gasket is damaged, there are no dislocation in the Assembly.

For trolleys-type fire extinguishers, you should also check whether the mouths of the seals, spray, spray corrosion hose and there is no plug valves, frame on wheels is a flexible and reliable.

⑥ for chemical foam fire extinguishers,Each year a reagent should be checked.

2.2.2 powder fire extinguishers

Dry powder fire extinguishers can be divided into ordinary and multi-purpose dry chemical fire extinguisher. Because both filling of dry powder, their use is not exactly the same. Ordinary dry chemical fire extinguisher filling is ordinary dry, such as potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate powder, powder is mainly used for fire extinguishing the following substances:

A, b, c liquid such as hydrocarbons (including gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, etc.), alcohols and ketones, esters, benzene and other organic solvents for the beginning fire; combustible gases such as city gas, methane, ethane, propane, and so on fire; electrical equipment such as Gates, generators, motors, electrical equipment of the beginning of a fire.

Use dry chemical fire extinguisher filling is more dry, such as ammonium salt, dry powder, ammonium sulfate salt powder and so on, apart from its scope of application and is the same as ordinary dry chemical fire extinguisher, can also be used to fight the solids such as wood, cotton, hemp, paper, etc. of the fire.

Because of the solid material fire is also known as A class a fire, a, b, c liquid fires also known as class b fire, combustible gas fire also known as the C class fire. Therefore, the ordinary dry powder fire extinguishers, also known as BC dry powder fire extinguishers, fire extinguishers, also known as ABC dry chemical fire extinguisher.

Ordinary dry powder fire extinguishers and the use of dry powder fire extinguishing is a 9, backsack and trolley dry powder fire extinguishers and extinguishing sticks and dry miehuodan and other forms, common for hand-held gas stations and trolley.

A) extinguishers

Dry chemical fire extinguisher is the use of high-pressure carbon dioxide gas-powered, Jet to powder for fire suppression. Extinguishers according to carbon dioxide in the form of dynamic gas configuration is divided into the built-in, external and reservoir pressure. Gas commonly used for built-in dry chemical fire extinguisher. Built-in extinguisher mainly by the cylinder, cylinder cover, gas cylinders, air jet system and opening mechanism, etc. Use the fire extinguisher before upside down several times, making the barrel dry loose.

Use dry chemical fire extinguisher should note:

First, fire extinguishers in the process should always remain upright, not lying or upside down, you cannot use dusting.

Second, after the dry powder extinguisher, because you want to prevent the recurrence of powder extinguishing cooling effect is very small and there were in the ignition point heat from the fire is easy to produce comes alive.

Third, use dry powder extinguishing fires containers of flammable liquids should fire from the flame, flame side alignment around the roots. When the flame is flooding out of containers, fast forward, the fire fight. Note-do not spray liquid directly on the nozzle, in order to prevent dry air impact makes oil splash, causing the fire to expand, resulting in a fire.

B) maintenance and inspection

Dry powder extinguisher storage environment temperature:-30 ~ 40 ℃, place shall be easily accessible and kept dry, ventilated and avoid rain, sunlight exposure or intense radiation, so as not to affect the normal use. Fire extinguisher by connections to tighten, trolley-type fire extinguishers frame parts shall not on the transport of loose, rotation should be flexible and reliable.

① everyday check. Regular checks of powder has no agglomeration phenomena. If it is discovered that the agglomeration should be replaced (but lumped powder after drying may continue to use). Always check the seals and safety devices, such as finding fault, should promptly fixed.

② periodic inspection. Per year of carbon dioxide gas cylinder leakage.

Inspection, remove the air tank (including trolley dry chemical fire extinguisher cylinders of carbon dioxide), weighing method to check the weight in carbon dioxide gas cylinders. Extinguishers CO2 gas bottles of leakage is greater than the nominal amount of 5% filling or 7g (whichever small light) should be provided for adequate ventilation. At the same time check the seal is a reliable, head nut is tightened to prevent leakage. For trolley dry chemical fire extinguisher, when carbon dioxide cylinders for leakage rate is greater than 10 per cent of the time, in accordance with the provisions of adequate capacity.

2.2.3 other fire extinguishing material

A) asbestos blanket

Asbestos blanket production, can also be used asbestos cloth 1 ~ 3 suture, and according to different circumstances of sewing to a circle or a square. Oil containers, available beginning fire quickly cover fire asbestos blanket container openings to suffocate the fire. Use when you cover, do not leak from the fire. Asbestos blanket effect similar there are wetted quilt, cotton pads, etc.

B) dry sand

Dry sand for control and fight ground float flow oil fires more practical, and are made from easy, easy to use. Fire using sand to keep clean and dry, with flammable substances may be, the more fine sand, the better the effect, setting the way buckets, sandbags, sandboxes, and with dedicated spade.

3 stations of some common fire suppression methods

3.1 fighting open container of oil fire

Open containers of evaporation area, if the oil pot hold gasoline cleaning vehicles, mechanical parts, in summer the temperature is very vulnerable to oil fire. When the exposure container of oil fires, the firefighting methods are as follows:

The presence of personnel not a) panic, unavailable, do not hurry to water will sink out of parts, preventing the taking part, the fire out of the tub, or fire resistant to, or turned over the oil basin, so that the oil fires scattered to fight difficult.

B) available configurations in a gas station in dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing. Use foam extinguisher, foam should be careful to open the stream along wall surface, covering oil must not directly at the oil surface and reducing the fire effect.

C) If no fire extinguisher or failure, fire extinguisher chemicals available asbestos was or soaked in water of quilt, sacks, and so covered with fire, so that the oilFire suffocation.

Tank car fire fighting 3.2 method

A tank car at a gas station) on fire, should first quickly away from oil job site, and then make the fight.

B) if transceiver oil tank mouth on fire, you can start with asbestos is the tank cap, you can use with turning portable fire extinguishers at the oil tank outlet will fire. May also use other coverings such as wet cotton, wet burlap sacks, plug the oil tank outlet will fire.