【 Weak current College 】 on automatic fire alarm and fire control system design and equipment selection (1)---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Abstract: the automatic fire alarm and fire control system design and equipment selection is one of the electrical design. This article is in the design of some of the problems in practice, such as automatic fire alarm and fire control system, select, and so on.

Keywords: fire auto-alarm fire control system for electrical design

A modern building with large scale, high standards, personnel are crowded, the device numerous, extremely stringent fire safety requirements. To this end, in addition to building layout, construction and decoration materials selection, equipment selection and configuration has a lot of restrictions, you also need to set up a modern fire-fighting facilities. As China's economic construction, high-rise buildings, large and medium-sized commercial building, plant emergence, automatic fire alarm system raised higher and more stringent requirements. For early detection and notification of a fire, preventing and reducing the fire hazard, the protection of personal and property safety, defend socialist modernization in the modernization of industrial civil buildings, hotel, library, research and business sectors, automatic fire alarm system has become an essential facility. Electrical engineering design, installation and use are correct not only directly affects the building fire safety but also directly related to the various fire facilities can truly make a difference. Therefore, automatic alarm and fire protection design and equipment selection is very important.

1. system composition

Automatic fire alarm and fire control system is the building fire safety integrated monitoring system, fire alarm systems and fire control system. In a real application, the system consists of a wide range of how many of the devices, device classes are very different. However, the decision system features an automatic fire alarm and fire control system.

(A) automatic fire alarm system

Automatic fire alarm system typically consists of a detector and signal line and automatic alarm device made up of three parts.

1, fire detectors and alarm button

Fire detectors are entire alarm system testing component. Its stability, reliability and sensitivity, and other specifications directly affects the entire operation of fire protection systems.

1) detector types

Fire detectors are many kinds of generally are the following:

(1) Ion sensing smoke detectors.

(2) photoelectric smoke detector.

(3) thermal detectors (including fixed temperature and temperature-difference).

(4) gas-detector.

(5) IR-detectors.

(6) UV-detector.

2) common basic principles of fire detectors

(1) smoke detector

Fire development process can be classified in the early phases, stages of development and decay is off stage. Smoke detector features in the initial phase of combustion smoke, can automatically issue a fire alarm signal, with a view to put out the fire before without a disaster. According to the structure, a smoke detector can be divided into ion sensing smoke detectors and optical smoke detector.

① ion sensing smoke detector

Ion sensing smoke detector is composed of two series of sources containing Am241 room, FET and switch circuit. Ionization chamber that compensation within the Chamber is sealed, a smoking is not easy to enter; ionization chamber that is outside the examination room, is the opening of the tobacco successfully entered. In-line two ends of the ionization chamber directly access 24V DC power supply. When a fire occurs, smoke entered the test ionization chamber, of α-Ray Am241 blocked, reducing their ability, and ionization ionization current reduction, test ionization chamber air equivalent impedance and compensation ionization chamber for smoke-free access, the impedance of the ionization chamber remains unchanged, so that applied to two ionization chamber ends divider ratio changes in test ionization chamber for both sides voltage increase volume reaches a certain value, the switch circuit actions, issue a warning signal.

② photoelectric smoke detector

Photoelectric smoke detector consists of a light source, optoelectronic components and electronic switches. Use of light-scattering theory on fire smoke for the early detection and timely alarm signal. According to the different light sources can be divided into general optical, laser and optical, ultraviolet photoelectric 4 infrared photoelectric, etc.

A general photoelectric smoke detector, based on their structural characteristics can be divided into shading-and scattering of two kinds.

Shading type photoelectric smoke detector consists of a lamp (bulb or light-emitting diode) and a corresponding optoelectronic components in a small dark room. In smoke-free, light sources emit light through the lens and the light beam, exposure to electro-optical components, and convert them into electrical signals, so that the whole circuit is maintained in the normal state, not beep. When the fire had a smoke into the detector so that the light propagation characteristics change, light intensity significantly weakened, circuit normal state is destroyed, the alarm signal.

Scattering photoelectric smoke detector of light-emitting diode and the optical component of the location is not set. Optoelectronic components set in porous small darkroom. No smoke, light not hoses and optoelectronic components, circuit to maintain normal state. But there is a fire, smoke detectors, light entering through the smoke particles of reflection or scattering to da optoelectronic components, optical signal conversion to electrical signals, amplified by the amplifier circuit, driven automatic alarm beep signal.

B, laser-smoke detector. The laser transmitter (including pulse power and laser generator) and laser receiver (including optical receivers, pulse amplification and alarm). It utilizes strong laser orientation, high brightness and color and coherence of good features. In no case, pulsed laser beam shoots to the photodiode, conversion to electrical signals, alarm beep. Once the laser beam in emission during smog shielding and weakened to a certain extent, the photodiode signal noticeably, detectors issue reportAlarm signal. In a wide range of laser source, a semiconductor laser with low excitation voltage required, high efficiency, pulse power, device volume is small, seismic resistance, long life and low-cost advantages and attention.

C, ultraviolet and infrared light smoke detector. They have a high sensitivity, stable performance, reliable, accurate detection of orientation, etc., and generally pay attention to, and become important equipment of fire detectors and development direction.

Photoelectric smoke detector developed rapidly, the species is increasing, their function is concerned, it can achieve early fire alarm, in addition to the large interior, but also especially suitable for the electrical fire hazard in larger establishments, such as the computer room, instrumentation, and trenches, tunnels and so on.

(2) heat fire detectors

Heat detector principle different in terms of structure with double metal film chip-type, box type, heat-sensitive electronic components and three.

① bi-metal blade-type is application of two different expansion coefficients of metal as a sensitive element, generally made of poor modest fixed temperature in two forms, fixed temperature is increased when the ambient temperature reaches the set temperature, constant temperature parts immediate action, the alarm signal; differential temperature is rising sharply when the ambient temperature, the temperature rise rate (¡æ/min) meet or exceed the requirements of action temperature detector rate, poor temperature parts immediate action, the alarm signal.

② membrane cartridge-type detector consists of corrugated plate form a gas chamber, indoor air only via gas plug screw holes and atmosphere. Under normal circumstances (of environment temperature rise rate not greater than 1 ℃/min), Chamber heated, indoor expansion of gas through gas plug screw holes leakage into the atmosphere. In the event of fire, the temperature rise rate increased sharply, increasing the pressure of the gas chamber, corrugated plate up muster, promotion of elastic contact, through to the electrical contacts, the alarm signal.

③ Electronic heat detector consists of two resistance and temperature characteristics of the same thermistor and electronic switch line, one in a thermistor can directly experience the environment temperature, and the other closed to a certain heat capacity of the ball. When the outside temperature is changing slowly, two thermistor resistance with temperature change basic close, switch circuit not actions. When the fire broke out, the ambient temperature rises dramatically, two thermistor resistance changes, the original state of sabotage switch circuit open, an alarm signal.

3) fire detector options

(1) according to the characteristics of fire detector selection

① in the early stages of a smoldering fires, resulting in a lot of smoke and a small amount of heat, of little or no flame, should use smoke detector.

② fire rapidly, produce a lot of heat, smoke and flame radiation, can choose smoke detector and heat detector, flame detector or their combination.

③ fire rapidly, there is a strong fire radiation and a small amount of smoke and heat, should use flame detector.

④ fire formation of unpredictable and can carry out simulation test, according to test results select probes.

(2) according to the installation site environment feature selection detector

① long-term relative humidity greater than 95%, airflow speed greater than 5m/s, have large amounts of dust, water spray stranded, potentially corrosive gases, under normal circumstances where there's smoke, stranded, produce alcohols, ethers, ketones, and other organic substances in place, it is not advisable to use ion sensing smoke detectors.

② may generate a smoldering fire not early or alarm will cause major loss of place, it is not advisable to use thermal detectors; temperature is 0 degrees centigrade of places, it is not advisable to use fixed temperature probes; under normal conditions of temperature changes, should not use differential temperature detector.

③ a place, it is not advisable to use flame detector:

A, no fireworks disaster that may occur;

B, the flame spread of smoke front has occurred;

C, detectors of lens susceptible to pollution;

D, probes the ' eye ' susceptible to blocking;

E, detector easy Sun or other sources of direct or indirect irradiation;

F, under normal circumstances, have open fire jobs as well as the x-ray, arc etc.

High-rise buildings and its related parts of fire detector type select the reference in the following table.
Project settings for a site, the type of fire detector is poor temperature differential fixed temperature type constant temperature smoke-I-II-III-class I-II-III-class I-II-III-class I-II-III-1 Theater, cinema, Hall, Conference Hall, Department stores, shopping malls, hotels, hotels, halls, apartments, houses, hospitals, libraries, museums □ 0000 □ □ □ 2000 × 2000, boiler room, 2 kitchens, boiling water disinfection, × × × × × × □ ○ ○ × × × 3 drying drying place × × × × × × □ ○ ○ × × × 4 has the potential to produce large amounts of steam site × × × × × × □ ○ ○ × × × 5 generator room, garage, hangar, × 2000 × 2000 × × × □ ○ 6 TV Studio, film review rooms × × • × □ ○ ○ ○ ○ × 2000 7 fire, the temperature changes very slowly booth × × × ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ □ ○ ○ 8 staircases and inclined road × × × × × × × × × □ ○ ○ aisles and channel 9 × × × × × × × × × □ ○ ○ 10 cable shaft, pipeline well × × × × × × × × × □ ○ ○ 11 electronic computer room, the communications room □ × × • × × • × × □ 0000 12 stacks, underground warehouse □ ○ ○ □ ○ ○ ○ × × □ ○ ○ 13 smoking room, small meeting room × × ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ × × × × ○ ○ said:; □ represents is suitable for use under such conditions, the installation site is limited to the ability to effectively detect fire place; × means no is suitable for use. (3) according to the room height select probes the use of different types of probes and the room height of references in the table below.
Room height (m) smoke detector heat detector flame detector I-II-III-12 & lT; h ≤ 20. unsuitable for unsuitable for 8 < h ≤ 12 suited not ideal for unsuitable for 6 < h ≤ 8 fit suitable for unsuitable for 4 < h ≤ 6 fit suitable for unsuitable for h ≤ 4 suit fit suitable for detector sensitivity option, should as far as performance and use of the probe, under normal circumstances (no fire) false alarm system did not prevail. At present, domestic high-rise buildings, most of the use of photoelectric smoke measurement device, only the individual places, the kitchen, the generator room, garage and a gas fire extinguishing installations of establishments using thermal detectors. Only one detector, linkage system easy to produce malfunction, this will result in the unnecessary loss, no linkage system vulnerable to false positives. It should use two or more types of detectors. They are "and" logical relationships, when two or more probes at the alarm linkage until the action, in order to ensure that unnecessary losses in short, the detector selection should be based on actual environmental situation select suitable detector, to achieve timely, accurate alarm purposes. 4) Manual alarm button alarm area each fire partitions should at least set a manual fire alarm button, and from one fire partitions in any location to the nearest one manual fire alarm button should not be greater than the distance 30m and should be set in clear and easy-to-use location. Manual alarm button from the ground 1.5m. 2, automatic alarm for China's automatic fire alarm equipment, production and application, although relatively late, but the development is very fast, especially in recent years, with the rapid development of China's modernization and strengthening of the fire service, fire alarm installations for the production and use has a larger development, manufacturers, product range and production and application of units are constantly increasing. Our current production of automatic fire alarm device is including alarm display, fault display and control directives issued by the complete automation. When it receives a fire detectors, alarm buttons or other triggers a signal sent to the fire, can emit sound and light alarm signal, to record time, automatic print fire occurrence, location, and output control other fire equipment instruction signal, automatic fire extinguishing system. Currently, the production, use of the automatic warning devices, the use of multiple lines system, divided into area alarm controller, centralized alarm controller and intelligent fire alarm controller. (1) area alarm controller zone alarm is an electronic composition of auto alarm and surveillance devices. It joins a range of all fire detectors, accurate and timely for the automatic fire alarm. Therefore, each zone alarm and the jurisdiction of the fire detectors having properly connected, it cannot constitute a complete and independent automatic fire alarm system. The basic principles of regional alarm: ① receive detector or alarm button issued fire signal to the form of sound and light alarm; ② electronic clock can remember the first time a fire; ③ can lead some to relay contact gives appropriate external function; you can configure an alternate ④ to DC power when the power outage, DC standby power is automatically input; ⑤ with self-test function, when the zone alarm and detectors are bad or broken lines, alarm issued open circuit or short circuit fault sound, light and alarm signal and automatically display faults areas; ⑥ has priority "fire" features all kinds of alarm signal to the regional alarm choose the signal processing circuit, fire, short circuit, open circuit judge, alarm fire alarm signal first issued, indicating the specific fire ignition parts, fire alarm sound, memory, open circuit, short circuit fault signal; ⑦ through communication interface circuit will be three types of signals to set alarm controller. Area alarm controller receives the signals of the fire detectors "and" "or" logical combination control relay use linkage to external devices, such as exhaust valves, air valves, fire doors, etc. At present domestic producers in the capacity of regional alarm that monitor how different parts of the body. Different models of regional alarm with different models of the detector. Xi'an 262 factory JB-QB-2700/088A series range alarm, for example, it has two kinds of wall-mounted, Cabinet type, maximum size is 256 road, is a part number, a detector occupies a position number. In engineering design, select the area alarm controller capacity should be greater than the number of probes in the region. If a building with one floor at a district, a total of 24 rooms, each room a probe, a total of 24 months, you should choose 30 Road area alarm controller. If 48 bedrooms, you should choose 50 loop area alarm controller. (2) centralized alarm controller set alarm controller's basic principle is as follows: ① put several regional alarm connected to form a system of centralized management; ② can poll connected regional alarm have no fire signal or fault signal, and timely indication of fire district parts and fault zone, at the made sound, light and alarm signal; ③ other features, the tenets of area alarm controller. In the system as only detector and centralized alarm is not working. Because the scan function set alarm, fire alarm, self-inspection function are constituted with regional alarm system before. Therefore, the only area of the alarm and set the alarm, in order to constitute an automatic fire alarm system. Set alarm system for large, complex projects. Set alarms maximum capacity received 40 regional alarm. (3) intelligent fire alarm control intelligent fire alarm controller's basic principle is as follows: ① adopt analog detectors, outside non-fire factors, such as temperature, humidity and dust, and so affect the implementation of automatic compensation, resulting in a variety of different conditions to address has a false positive and accurate warning laid the technical foundation; ② alarm controller uses the entire bus computer communication technology, the realization of bus alarm and bus linkage control, reduces the control output and executive bodies of long distance pipeline between; ③ adopt big capacity control matrix and cross-lookup program package, the software programming instead of hardware combinations, and increases the flexibility of the fire and modifiability. 262 factory NA1000 series fire alarm controller in relation to such forms. (4) automatic warning device select the automatic fire alarm system, the fire alarm system should have theThe following basic functions: ① power supply for fire detectors; ② can receive from fire detector or alarm button alarm signal; ③ can detect and send the fault signal system itself; ④ can check fire alarm in the alarm function; ⑤ with power conversion function. Fire alarm controller options, consider the following factors: ① fire detectors, fire alarms to choose the same manufacturers of complementary products; ② alarm system circuit number; ③ need automatic fire control function; ④ installation location and installation methods. (Ii) fire control system of fire control range according to the actual size of the project, the level of the different levels vary. Linkage control equipment with water fire extinguishing, fire hydrant, fire-extinguishing, fire doors, fire shutter, exhaust fan, air-conditioning facilities, fire damper, exhaust valve, elevators, Induction lamp, incident light, alarm, cut off the power supply, etc.

【 Weak current College 】 home fire safety-Power By 【 China power house network 】

Fire alarm
Alarm early losses. Once the fire to quickly alert, no telephone, to take positive measures directly to the police or Fire Department reported that the speedy dial phone "119" alarm. Alarm time to pay attention to the following points:
1, clearly locations and units; 2, to give your phone number so that the fire department at any time after the query, the alarm, to keep people and immediately sent to the crossing from the Jet engines; 3, as far as possible, make it clear what the scope of the ignition and fire;
The use of fire extinguishers
Fire extinguisher is put the beginning of the most commonly used in fire-fighting equipment, fire extinguishers and more species, commonly used are: carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, fire extinguishers, 1211 fire extinguishers, etc.
1. dry chemical fire extinguisher application: apply to fight petroleum and its products, flammable gas and electrical equipment for the beginning of a fire.
Use: the fire extinguisher referred to fire stations, and several upside down, pull the lead seals and insurance sales, close to the fire, left hand hold the nozzle at the flame root, right hand will pressure the pressure, dry powder spurts out.
2, 746 scope: is suitable corresponds in the Suppression of valuable books and archives, equipment, precision instruments, a small amount of oil and other substances in the beginning of a fire.
Use: the fire extinguisher referred to the fire place, pull out the insurance sales, close to the fire, left hand hold the roots of the Horn tube at the flame, the right hand will pressure the pressure, you can emit carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to prevent frostbite).
3, 1211 fire extinguishers applicable scope: is suitable corresponds in the Suppression of oils, organic solvents, flammable gases, precision instruments and heritage archives and so on fire.
Use: the fire extinguisher referred to the fire place (do not put a fire extinguisher flat or upside down), pull the lead seals and insurance sales, close to the fire, left hand hold the nozzle at the flame root, right hand will pressure the pressure, the extinguishing agent is spraying out.
Electrical fire
Household electrical ignition is often used because the family electrical lines appear short circuit, overload, contact resistance problems such as excessive, resulting in fire, electrical fire well, you should note the following points:
1. household electricity meters to choose more than 10 amps, and install the leakage current protective switch; 2, install the power cord should strictly follow the specifications for the installation, the prohibition of non-electrical engineering personnel Setup, no mess pull out received; 3, found wires, switches, outlets, there are old or aging, the timely replacement; 4, not at the same time in the same outlet on the use of multiple appliances, high power appliances have a dedicated power supply; 5, safe use of various electrical appliances, and people from off; 6, electrical decoration to choose by fire departments accredited products, hidden in the walls or ceiling of the wire to a pipe or hard plastic pipe protection, switch, socket should avoid mounted on wood or other combustible materials; 7, fluorescent lamps to choose the quality reliable, low-temperature ballast will heat up high ballast directly fixed to the combustible ceiling, the electric capacity must be consistent with the lamp; 8, electrical fire, fire extinguishing former should first cut off the power switch to prevent electric shock.
Safety in the use of liquefied petroleum gases
Civil Division bottled liquefied petroleum gas and pipelines, usually in liquid form at room temperature and pressure storage is inflammable, explosive, toxic gases, once people inadvertently lead to leakage and encounter the fire source, is a fire or explosion, therefore, it is important to note that security use.
1. equipped with LPG cylinders, must be kept in compliance with the safety requirements of the kitchen, cylinders and stoves keep between 1 m above the safety distance, room cannot be placed other stove (fire), and maintain good ventilation conditions; 2, the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), be sure to keep an eye on the waterfront; 3, indoor liquid petroleum gas furnace, water heater, ventilation and exhaust, to prevent that the carbon dioxide poisoning and liquefied oil leakage accumulate too much. When the ignition is no more than once, you want to stop for a moment until the leakage of liquid petroleum gas to escape again ignition to prevent liquid petroleum gas and air mixture reach explosive concentrations of explosion; 4, to always check the rubber tube is aging, rupture, check valve and valve interface Department whether leak, discovered the problem to the timely replacement; 5, using bottled liquefied petroleum gas, the gas cylinder must be placed upright, shall not lie or rewind to prevent decompression valve to lose efficiency but the risk of fire; 6, use the pipeline LP user cannot arbitrarily modified pipeline; 7, liquefied petroleum gas leak if found, to timely closing angle valve, immediately open the doors and Windows, enhanced ventilation so that the liquid petroleum gas to escape. Never touch the power supply and electrical switches or ignition lighting view; 8, gas bottle residue (residue) should be made by filling units unified recovery, is strictly prohibited without authorization and processing of the user.
Escaping self-help
In case of fire, as it was besieged by the fire, you should first organizational strength, the spirit of "saving first, rescue and fire fighting simultaneously" positive potential. Trapped persons to stay calm, do not panic, according to the fire to choose the best self-help programmes to gain time away from the danger zone, the introduction of several escaping self-rescue.
1, peacetime security net always leave escape, escape of keys to be placed on a fixed and easily accessible place, in order to escape; 2, in case of fire, do not look for clothing, money and valuable time delay escape, shall as soon as possible from the secure channel, security and fire stairs to evacuate, do not blindly rampant or use elevator escape; 3, fled the scene when the smoke do not walk upright, low posture walk or crawl, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to avoid being smoke asphyxiation; 4, staircase has burst into flames, but has not yet been blowing and the fire was not very violent, moisten with water and put on the clothes or bedding down rapidly by upstairs. The stairs have been blowing and the fire quite fierce, takes advantage of the rope or the sheets tear into strips, end tied to solid doors and Windows or other heavy objects, and then with a rope or a rag down (more than households with caution on the third floor); 5, various escape route is cut off, should be returned to the living room, to take measures, fire smoke up close doors and Windows, and doors and Windows on the garden, but also with wetTowel to cover their nose and mouth, personal protection, at the same time, to outdoor swing bright things (in the evening you can punching out), sending out a distress signal; 6, escape once the clothes were burning, burning man fell to toss in place, the flames on pressure off, or by other people to help put out the flames, remember that you cannot run.

【 Weak current College 】 enterprise security culture-a culture and fire-Power By 【 China power house network 】

1. fire and disasters
　　
Pick from the nature of humanity back into the wild, save and use fire history can be traced back to 170 million years ago, and the society for human real artificial fire just 1.7 million years ago. Frictional heat make a fire, drilling wood fire, human development and progress to produce a historic impact. Free humanity from the Joux wool drink blood, promote human intellectual and physical development, wrote a brilliant chapter of human civilization. Fire brought happiness to mankind, to bring light and progress of society, but the fire has brought mankind was unfortunate and disaster. Fire is in time or space to lose control of combustion caused by the disaster. Fire kills people's lives and property, burnt people labor fruit, threaten enterprise safety in production activities, and thus became the social, public, families of victims. Fire tragedy left a painful lesson, and at the same time, humans have learned to fight with fire. Use of fire, control of fire to human safety and health has created a huge material and spiritual wealth, but also to enrich and develop a safety culture; againstdisappears, uniform huomo, for the benefit of mankind, respected and prosperous fire culture. Has become the human quest for safety, 10 Kang, longevity, harmless target.
　　
2. enterprise security culture and corporate culture of fire safety
　　
With the development of industry, enterprise production and management activities cannot lack power, lighting, production process without electricity. Thermogenic energy, fire, once the fire got out of the fire, the staff of life and labor wealth will be destroyed by fire. Therefore, enterprises must establish a "safety first, the prevention first," and "safety first, eliminate the guiding ideology", a labour safety and health and fire protection of industrial and civil building design, sanitary engineering technology, fire engineering, preventing electrical fires, anti dust explosion fire, fire-proof shopping centre, cinema, public places, forest fires, fire prevention, fire safety fire family. These fire policy and guiding ideology, advanced security and hygiene engineering technology is a safety culture, corporate culture and a culture of fire safety, in order to protect the lives and safety of workers, in order to guarantee safety in production, you must implement the "prevention, anti-binding", can we truly achieve the safe and civilized production enterprises. Industrial and mining enterprises actively uses the automatic fire alarm system, automatic fire suppression equipment and fire protection technology, compliance with the fire service law and labor law and related safety regulations, reflecting the company's safety culture and the cultural needs and fire protection.
　　
3. the experts caution against thermal hazards
　　
According to statistics. The eighth five-year period with fire 199646, deaths of 11527, injured 21147, direct economic losses of about $ 5 billion in annual national fire loss at 70 to 80 billion and an upward trend. From each of the ten fire, electrical fire in occupies the first place, its loss amounts representing ten fire loss at 70 per cent of total ~ 80 per cent. Fire deaths accounted for the total number of deaths of 70%-80%. With the reform and opening up and development of the market economy, the national economic construction and the rapid increase of gross national economy, businesses and public places of the fire also has a growing trend, and casualties and property damage.
　　
Domestic experts believe that China has entered with most thermal hazards, frequency, hazards will greatly improve, remind enterprises, social and public should concern fire hazards, which are as follows:
　　
(1) in accordance with hot disaster (fire), one of the countries and regions into the high economic growth period, hot disaster and damage growth rate will be higher than the growth rate of the national economy.
　　
(2) in accordance with foreign experience, degree of urbanization, industrialization period must appear with most thermal hazards.
　　
(3) the ability to control hazards in China at present weak and inadequate investment, coupled with the universal consciousness of the thermal hazards prevention, is bound to contain weak thermal hazards in high risk trends.
　　
Therefore, strengthening the thermal hazards of scientific knowledge, improve employee education and awareness of national fire and the fire safety community civic culture, has become the fire of socialization and the guarantee of the masses.
　　
4. fire safety culture and safety culture
　　
With fire (heat fire) combat and every business, every employee's safety are at stake, and only raise people's awareness of fire prevention and fire-fighting cultural quality, implementation of the fire service management and the mass of fire-fighting projects in order to have a solid ideological foundation. The so-called fire cultural awareness including: people want to have a fire awareness and prevention awareness, consciousness, self rescue and fire fighting each other. Fire culture must also be coupled with fire protection, fire-fighting knowledge and skills through training and exercises so that staff can acquire demurral fire. The only way to truly enhance the entire enterprise, national safety culture and a culture of quality fire, inform, educate and mobilize the public to enable everyone to consciously join with fire fighting service, employees can truly implement the "prevention, anti-connections," fire policy and "safety first, the prevention first, ' ' safety guidelines, increase staff and the public of potential risks to the open fire," "," prevention is better than disaster relief "fire awareness and safety culture in the safe production can be achieved. Cherish life, protection of employees in the public's safety and health, "security for days," "security Taishan, safety culture, popular culture, fire safety culture must work together to comply with the guiding ideology, fire and safety culture is the public need for safety culture, is the public benefit of creating a culture of security.

【 Weak current College 】 fire safety on formation of consciousness---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Abstract: the fire is a major disaster in modern society, the main lesson is people lack of fire safety awareness, lack of fire safety knowledge. Culture of fire safety the subconscious, national fire prevention, fire prevention and disaster mitigation is the most basic task. Mobilize the broad masses of the culture of fire safety the subconscious.
Keywords: fire consciousness
　　
Many hit disaster occurs and is not a human being cannot resist, but many are not safety factors taken together, is the lack of fire safety the subconscious is the most severe punishment, the painful lesson. Fire typically is not a natural disaster, but people's behavior error caused by the disaster. More fortune, fire mitigation is one cannot but pay attention to the "marriage". Culture of fire safety the subconscious, always, always, always pay attention to the safety and security of the Environment Act, is to prevent or reduce fire hazards. The author of this article on the culture of fire safety the subconscious on some superficial view.
　　
1. fire safety the unconscious is life essential quality
　　
Fire safety in the subconscious, refers to the individual fire safety motivation and behavior to unknowingly are very conscious of the degree. Some developed countries the national quality education is focusing on the national fire safety education, beginning from the child. Everyone whether home or away, whether at work or life, many cases were related to fire safety. The use of fire, electricity, dangerous chemicals almost everywhere, people in all kinds of buildings inside or means of transport which is a lot of time, whether or not everyone always, always think of fire safety issues, if everyone has a basic knowledge of fire safety and oneselk basic skills, in fire situations, the consequences are not the same.
　　
Shuihuowuqing, modern people to increase viability cannot lack of fire safety the subconscious. Fire environment, human life is fragile. Fire threatens the lives of the most important aspects is a poisonous gas and smoke, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hypoxic apnoea, etc. Experimental proof, beginning fire CO concentration in the air about 1 per cent to headlong stage air combustion CO concentration above 2 per cent. CO to flow due to the absorption of oxygen into not discharged out in vivo CO2 poisoning. CO concentration in air in 1.3, inhalation or unconscious, that person may be rescued CO concentration limits 1.28 per cent. CO concentration in air 0.5%, human contact with 20 to 30 minutes can be lethal. If there is a fire burning in the nitrogen content (such as propane fired cyanide polymers, etc.), will have its toxicity is HCN, CO of 20 times, great harm to people. The fire also consume oxygen produce CO2. Normal air oxygen concentration is 21%, oxygen concentrations in ambient air is 15 per cent of the time people intramuscular mobility mobility, oxygen concentration for 10 to 14 per cent of the time people get lost, the oxygen concentration is 6-10 per cent of people collapsed unconscious, oxygen concentration for 5 ~ 6% of people breathing difficulties, there is life after half an hour. CO2 concentration in the air for 10% of people die in a few minutes. In the early stage of fire, smoke in horizontal diffusion speed 0.3m/s to combustion phase in the fire, because suddenly at high temperature, smoke diffusion speed 0.5 ~ 0.8m/s, flue gas along the staircase, pipelines, cables, and other vertical pipe vertical proliferation and spread of speed is 3 ~ 4m/s. These are the fire environment smoke generation and diffusion as well as the harm to people in some of the technical data. In addition, fire heat environment also have a lot of harm, the air temperature up to 149 ° c, blood pressure, blood capillary damage, cannot loop, brain damage and death nerve centers. In General, there is a fire evacuation posterity is allowed time: fire-resistant grade I and II of the civil architecture for 6 minutes, public buildings, for 5 minutes, 2 minutes from the Auditorium, fireproof grade three or four levels above building evacuation time reduction by half. Life, learn more fire test technical data is very necessary.
　　
Modern life need to learn many aspects of knowledge, the need for a variety of quality, and the culture of fire safety the subconscious is essential. Fire safety in the subconscious, usually will eliminate or reduce risks, fire situations timely correct season, this is a protection of life and property safety skills, must possess the basic quality. The country in each of the 20 million fire incidents, all fire accident almost always repeat a lesson is people lack of fire safety awareness, lack of fire safety knowledge. A large number of fires that occur in someone else's disaster lessons, everyone should be careful to draw. To everyone, to develop a fire safety benefits there is no harm in the subconscious only, the neglect of fire safety only harm.
　　　　
2. fire safety the subconscious is the civilization of important content
　　
Follow the scientific law, implementation of fire safety measures, fire prevention and disaster mitigation is an integral part of society and civilization. Fire safety between millions of households, each person, is a social problem. People's fire safety the subconscious is reflected in the fire safety behaviour, conduct, both the need for security, and civilization. Human behaviour to meet the environmental requirements for fire safety, security and fire safety, this is a kind of modern civilization, social civilization. Environmental conditions different to the people of fire safety Act requires different: there is a great environment, such as urban and rural areas: a specific environment, such as high-rise buildings and low floors; there is a specific environment, such as flammable or explosive areas and common premises, personnel are crowded places and non-personnel-intensive sites. In a different environment, people want to standardize the appropriate fire safety Act, the maintenance of public fire safety, protection of civilization. For example, work or live in a high-rise building, must work together to preserve the building's fire-fighting facilities, common blocking channels and staircases, influence of fire doors and closing employee behavior is neither civilization nor secure. Social responsibility, in fire safety and also require different behavior. A building providing perfect fire facilities, as a staff-intensive sites provide a good fire safetyThe whole environment requires investors, managers establish fire safety concepts, to fulfil the statutory duties of the fire safety and make the necessary fire safety behaviours. The above on fire safety Act requirements, is the requirement for the progress of human society, is the spiritual and material requirements.
　　
Every culture of fire safety the subconscious, focus on fire safety Act, which is its own security needs, but also the needs of public safety. Personal fire safety behavior relations public fire safety. Individual violation caused by fire, may itself up, including those directly affected by fire damage, causing serious losses or due to fire and liability, at the same time, the fire accidents often result in public affected. Therefore a large fire incident occurred, causing serious losses of life and property at the same time, the society's material and spiritual civilization also severely affected.
　　
Fire safety act in the case of social ethics code of conduct, training of fire safety the subconscious, is also a kind of social morality. Whether it is legal or natural persons, in many cases, their behavior between fire safety but also social morality. There are public entertainment intentionally evacuation channel design like a labyrinth, business, security export embargo left a, market, shopping centre in occupies channel hawking, a large supermarket only one entrance, people-intensive production staff for close supervision enterprises only one entrance, these actions are in violation of the fire Statute. Evacuation channels also known as the "escape" and security exports is escape exit, fire gives people stay "out". On evacuation channels and security exports for sealing and locking, blocking, is tantamount to not give out "left", which is not only illegal, in violation of social morals. Throughout the decade national occurred more than a hundred dead group of 10 or more dead fire accident injuries, repeat this lesson is impeded the evacuation channel, lack of fire safety of export, the person can not be timely escape while causing major casualties. Many affected individuals of fire safety behaviours such as messy to cigarette butts, La mess messy wire and electrical appliances, then stacked items blocked fire channel, chaos chaos on dangerous chemicals, etc., are in violation of the fire safety requirements, nor civilization, unethical. So the regulate fire safety Act, for fire and disaster reduction is important, on private Yang good social ethics, civilization is equally important.
　　　
3. develop a fire safety from the subconscious to today
　　
Develop good fire safety practices used Yi Yi Yi family have community. The annual fire cause statistics show that as a result of electrical, illegal actions, smoking, playing with fire, arson and other human-caused fires accounted for more than 90% of the total, a small amount of natural, lightning fires in the light of preventive measures are not in place. Fire safety awareness is weak, the lack of fire safety knowledge, there is no security behavior, there is fire hazard. The lack of fire safety awareness, a negligence that brings the total destruction. Modern production life everywhere useful electricity, fire, hazardous chemicals, fire risk increases, more active prevention, everyone should be consciously do fire safety work around. A fire that will give people the fruit of many years of hard work put a torch that will put the most precious human lives brutally deprived, consequences of heavy, no one should be very insensitive to fire safety.
　　
Develop good fire safety practices used to run through every aspect of working life. In fire safety issues have any bad luck. Culture of fire safety the subconscious is very specific, to always, everywhere, everything between fire safety issues, a bit of attention on the habit. Such as a home fire, electricity, gas to pay great attention to fire safety. Family fire increased, the dead fire accident occurred from time to time, sometimes careless with fire, including the cooking water, where divine fire, House decoration electric welding, children play with fire, with fire; because the wire electrical overload of aging, electricity, electric contact loose contact resistance is too large, sleeping or out of some electrical appliances not power down long power over heat, etc.; some because gas stoves or pipeline leakage did not cause alarm, etc. A malfunction could lead to a fire. At present, many families have to deal with the fire of prepared and material preparation, often don't know what to do in case of fire, do not understand the disposal into disaster. If every household normally pay attention to fire prevention, fire extinguisher, and home made available, that is prepared for one or two buckets of water, doors, Windows can play out in a timely manner so that families can quickly evacuated to the outdoors, you can let the family away from fire, fire safety and security. And go to work or travel, for example, to become familiar with the work or living space environment, in particular become familiar with the evacuation channels and security exports to increase vigilance on fire safety, fires were found, to quickly respond to correct disposal or evacuation. Cherish their lives and develop good habits for fire safety Act, the implementation of fire prevention and disaster mitigation measures, everyone must have awareness.
　　
Fire safety work is not a thing to do is regular work. Culture of fire safety the subconscious, which is to make everyone tight fire safety this string, learn how to deal with the fire of skills, with ability to auto-save, and create a national fire service atmosphere, creating a safe, peaceful and civilized social environment in which people live and work.

【 Weak current College 】 fire safety key unit of fire protection to independent management model---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Summary: for fire departments for fire safety key unit new supervision model, explores the key unit of fire safety on fire safety in autonomous mode, focus on improving the fire safety of oneselk capacity to prevent and reduce fire hazard has a guiding role.

Keywords: fire safety; introspection; self-correction
In the past, Guangzhou 300 municipal fire safety key unit although every year to make an adjustment, but not too large fires occur, mainly Guangzhou Gonganxiaofangju on municipal fire safety key units per quarter to check once the timely discovery of fire hazards, and to supervise the rectification. At present, according to the Guangzhou fire safety key unit defined standards, requirements, Guangzhou key unit of fire safety is 8000. On these units, Guangzhou Gonganxiaofangju per year will be organized inspection, on the other units in each of the Organization of an inspection. Fire safety key units in the face of the Fire Department of new supervision and examination mode, you must change the concept of "fire safety self-inspection, fire hazard, legal responsibility at his own self-correction of" fire safety of autonomous management system, and effectively improve the ability of oneselk, fire hazards and proactively.
1 implement "whoever is in charge, who will be responsible for the principles
"Whoever is in charge, who is responsible for" principle, which is a unit of fire safety work by this unit, who heads which will work on the work of fire safety.
(1) the units of the legal representative to the Organization's responsibility for fire safety work; legal representative authority in charge of a work of leadership and the leadership of the various functional departments, to the competent work of fire safety.
(2) unit within the workshop Director, foremen to this workshop, the workshop has overall responsibility for fire safety work; Deputy to pair responsible for fire safety within the scope of work.
(3) of the team leader of team is responsible for fire safety work, while at the same time, the "who's on the job, who is responsible for the" fire safety responsibility of every employee. In accordance with the "who's in charge, who is responsible for" principle, from flats, workshops, tracks to post workers, everyone has to to the work of fire safety. Vertical, from top to bottom, level on the level; landscape, from where to divide line. So, what exactly, horizontal to vertical, from top to bottom through, Criss, form a comprehensive, multi-level units fire safety management network, implementation of fire prevention is everyone's responsibility, the resulting unit full fight with the fire of harmony and a tense situation.
2 establishing oneselk fire safety organizations
Organization of mass oneselk is fire work socialization of important content, is the work of implementing the "fire-prevention-oriented, non-binding ', ' approach. In the flat, establish and improve oneselk fire safety organizations, is to mobilize workers do a fire prevention measures.

Establishment of obligations of the fire brigade 2.1
Obligations of the fire brigade from units not divorced from the workers in their production, to work on the basis of voluntary, at oneselk backbone role to play in.
2.1.1 Organization building basic principles
(1) fire safety key unit should establish obligations for the fire brigade, other units can establish obligations for the fire brigade (Group).
(2) the fire brigade personnel number 54 services, should generally be follow not less than 10 per cent of the total number of employees of standard construction team; the fire risk of larger enterprises and institutions by not less than the total number of workers, various material warehouse 30Z by not less than 70 per cent of the total number of employees in proportion to the production team.
(3) the obligations of the firefighters to lean, selection of employees as a unit. Production (work) backbone, team leader and special types of workers, should actively participate in the volunteer fire brigade, should ensure that each workshop, each team, each shift has a duty to the firemen.
(4) units shall be composed of obligatory fire brigade unit Administration, defence, security, organization and leadership; the unit in charge of the fire at the fire brigade for the obligations of the organization.
(5) the obligations of the Fire Department should generally be set and vice captain and instructor, they should have some organizational skills, be familiar with the basics of fire safety and security sector personnel. The larger units, according to the internal reality consists of several units or ban, by sector, shop, workshop, teams of administrators as swampland or monitor.
(6) the obligations of the fire brigade shall establish the necessary learning, training, operational regimes, should regularly volunteer firefighters learn fire safety knowledge and training to fight fire skills early. General member focused training each year at least once.
(7) the obligations of the Fire Department should be active duty. Duty to have the necessary fire equipment and players personal equipment, configuration fire phone. In areas where conditions, it should also be set up during the night shift patrol system team rotation.
(8) equipped with a fire engine (pump) and no dedicated fire brigade unit, basic obligations should be organized fire ban, in full-time firefighter organization, players take turns in units as readiness task.
(9) the obligations of the fire brigade General each year should be adjusted. Players removed from status or ailing, time adjustment, to keep the team number and have basic fundamental backbone.
2.1.2 basic tasks
(1) be familiar with this post production process, the proper method of operation and the equipment (goods) performance. Familiar with the duties of the fire hazard, skilled use of the post configuration of fire-fighting equipment, the fight against this position beginning fire method, measures.
(2) careful implementation of this post, the units of all fire safety management system and has the responsibility to supervise this post other masses of common compliance with various safety system, proactive advocacy to post around masses, dare to criticize the fire of common sense, to discourage and prevent violations of fire safety rules, operating procedures and other unsafe behavior.
(3) to participate actively in the fire safety inspection and rectification of fire hazard activities, learning to use technology or other technical means of rectification of the post of General fire hazards.
(4) active maintenance and upkeep of good fire-fighting equipment and facilities.
(5) upon discovery of fire fighting and alarm time. Public security fire brigade arrived at the scene, quickly to provide fire extinguishing fire commander, under the leadership of the fire commander, combined with public security fire evacuation materials, maintaining order, brave fighting. Fire fight, should protect the good site, actively assist fire departments and units, a survey of the region concerned, drawing fire fire causes.

Establish professional fire brigade 2.2
The following units shall establish professional fire brigade: 1, nuclear power plants, large power plants, civil airport, large ports; 2, production, storage of flammable and explosive hazardous materials in large enterprises; 3, reserves of important material of combustible and large warehouse, base; 4, paragraphs 1, 2, 3, other than fire risk considerably, distance local public security fire brigade of the other large enterprises; 5, distance to local public security fire brigade afield as national heritage conservation units of ancient buildings of management units.
Professional fire brigade building team principles, fire prevention, operational readiness, Member conditions, benefits, wages and sources of funding should follow existing enterprises and institutions dedicated to the implementation of the fire brigade Organization Ordinance.

3 developing fire awareness education
Fire is not subject to geographical and temporal and spatial limitations, that is, no fuel and fire place may fire. Fire a variety of reasons, buildings, equipment and other physical conditions. However, more important or human factors, that is, the vast majority of fire is paralyzed because of people's thoughts, illegal operations, the use of fire caused by careless. In addition, some people because of the lack of fire safety knowledge, in the event of fire, panic, cannot be disposed of in a timely and effective manner, with the result that the little hazard causing fires. In order to prevent fires and minimize fire losses, on the one hand to improve building, equipment and other physical conditions; on the other hand to improve workers ' Trade Union of fire vigilance, enhanced fire awareness and knowledge of universal fire, give full play to the workers ' struggle with fire.

3.1 trained staff and time requirements
Fire safety key units on each employee should at least once yearly fire safety training, public gathering places on employee fire safety training should at least every six years, the unit responsible for fire safety and fire safety Manager, designed (and) the level of fire management, fire control room shift and operations staff should receive specialized training in fire safety.

3.2 fire awareness education forms
Units can fire press, fire, film and television, internal circuit television or radio, posters, banners, warning signs, fire knowledge competition, visit fire exhibition, organized fire games, wallpaper, Blackboard and other forms of publicity in the fire.

3.3 fire educational content
Union fire awareness education, to help themselves, to targeted, close to the actual production and living, its content should include combustion fire safety knowledge, electrical, chemical and hazardous materials knowledge, building fire safety, fire fighting and basic knowledge, etc.

4 developing fire safety self-inspection
Fire safety self-inspection is unit implement fire safety measures to prevent significant means of fire, is to mobilize and rely on the cadres and workers with fire fighting effective form. Fire safety self-inspection is designed to detect and eliminate fire hazards in this unit, to implement advanced control of fire accidents before they happen. Fire safety self-inspection is not an arbitrary behavior, to State and local governments to enact laws and regulations of fire, the regulations and technical standards. Fire safety self-inspection is a long-term, regular work, not once and for all, as any one unit of production and living facilities, and production, scientific research and other tasks in the evolving; season in reincarnation, climate change, a different season and climate on fire safety work have different requirements; it's fire prevention often with working conditions or other factors changes; when weak when strong, as reflected in the fire safety when working on it. In order to adapt to changing circumstances, must frequently, repeatedly carry out fire safety self-inspection, enable a variety of fire safety measures for new and new, because things change. Conduct fire safety self-inspection, generally take regular checks and seasonal checks. Check in addition to all parts of the General checks, on key parts to check focus.

4.1 units of introspection
Units of introspection is in charge of the unit of fire protection, under the leadership of the defence and security technology and specifically (and) level fire officials as well as the obligations of the firemen and for workers ' participation. There are 3 ways: ① class, group, check. This check is to ensure that units of fire safety and reliable basis. In accordance with the requirements of the post fire accountability to classes, group leader or security officer, firefighter, on the shop floor, section or warehouse, cargo, and other Department of fire safety inspections. Particularly in the former, class after class and the shift of check is especially important. ② night check. Strengthen the night check, is effective in preventing serious fire. This inspection, primarily rely on night duty of cadres, guard and post secondary (and) level fire officers. Key check power supplies, fire, and other anomalies, loopholes, eliminate risk. ③ periodic inspection. According to the season, with the relevant safety activities, the unit leadership to organize and participate in. In addition to all of the parts common checks, should fire highlights areas for focus checking. By checking and concentrate on solving some of the usual difficult problems.

4.2 introspection of focus
In every key unit, is not the focus of local are everywhere; in a non-focus unit is not important parts. Therefore, in the key units and non-focus unit to determine the important parts, fire focused management as key check. Units should be listed as key parts of the body, usually the following areas: ① fire-prone areas. As chemical production plant and paint, baking, boiled condensed, carpentry, welding gas cutting operations; laboratories, garage, chemical dangerous goods warehouse; flammable,Burning liquid storage tanks, combustible, combustion gas cylinders warehouse and storage tank, LPG cylinder library or storage tank; oxygen, acetylene, hydrogen station; inflammable building groups, etc. ② fire effects on the overall site. Such as power plants, substations (room), communication equipment room, total production control room, computer room, boiler room, archives, documents, valuables and important historical documents collection rooms. ③ property set parts, such as storing large amounts of raw materials, finished products warehouse, freight yard, use or storage of advanced technology equipment for laboratories, workshops, warehouses, etc. ④ staff focused sites. If the internal Hall (Club), nurseries, halls, hospitals, etc.

5 fire hazard self-correction
Eliminate fire hazards in the key steps in the rectification; rectification does not implement any form of fire safety check will fail, as peas, meaningless, and therefore can not reach the goal of disaster prevention. There is no fire hazard of rectification work, little effort can often takes time, you need to input such as funds, materials, equipment, technologies, venues, etc, to rectification and fire hazard certain difficulties. But fire lessons require, when a dispute arises between safety and production, must adhere to the principles of safety first. Rectification and fire hazard a resolutely, second, a sense of urgency. Rectification and fire hazards to reality, it is necessary to ensure the security and economy. Units at the request of the fire of rectification is as follows:
(1) leadership. Improvement of the effectiveness of fire hazard, the key is the importance of leadership. Fire hazard of rectification necessarily involves funds, materials, and many other investment, encounter some difficulties. Thus there are two attitudes: one without the others, and do everything possible to completely hidden rectification; one is highlighted difficulties, delays, drag the risk as "persistent", this "hidden" idea will lead to keep suffering from plague, the result is a "provincial money, cleaners, this" huge fire losses, far from the input of rectification and fire hazards to compensation. Therefore, the requirements do clever entrepreneurs leadership, good balance, good at coordinating logistics, fire safety, bold, bold, willing to long-term plans. So, fire hazards must be eliminated, for the production of building and safety to create a good environment.
(2) and checking. To check out of the fire hazard, immediate rectification, immediate rectification, must not be delayed.
(3) the moment cannot be solved, fire hazard, units should take effective preventive measures and set items, people, pay close attention to reform implementation.
(4) on some major fire hazards, the unit's own efforts difficult, should promptly to the competent Department and submitting reports, settled in; at the same time an effective emergency response measures.
(5) on "deficient" architectural layout, fire resistance ratings, the fire separation, fire, water and other aspects of the problem, you really can't solve, the departments concerned should be included in the construction, reconstruction, and gradually to be addressed. In the absence of settlement, the units should take certain necessary, temporary remedies to ensure safety.

6 development of fire emergency evacuation plans and drills
Fire safety key unit should develop a fire and emergency evacuation plans, including the following: ① organizations, including: fire-fighting operations section, the communications group, evacuation guidance group, security protection and rescue groups; ② alarm and alarm disposition program; ③ emergency evacuation procedures and measures of the Organization; ④ fire extinguishing the beginning of the program and measure; ⑤ communications, safety and rescue procedures and measures for fire safety key units shall, in accordance with the fire and emergency evacuation plan for, at least every six months to conduct a walkthrough, and connection with reality, and constantly improve the plan. Other units should be combined with the actual reference to the development of appropriate emergency programmes, at least once a year.

7 establishing fire archive
Fire safety key unit should establish the relevant fire safety of archives, can play a "household name ', ' role. In peacetime, it can be used as the unit of fire safety the importance of the work. In the event of fire and explosion, becomes trace fire cause and distinguish between accident liability, responsibility, supporting material, but can also provide the fire technical facilities to provide direct reference material. Fire records should include basic fire safety and fire safety management. Fire-was detailed, comprehensive archives should reflect the basic unit of fire, and accompanied by the necessary changes in the chart, depending on the situation in a timely updates.

7.1 fire safety basic information should include the following
① units on the basic and important parts of fire safety;
② building or premises construction, using or pre-opening design audit, fire protection and fire safety inspection and acceptance of the documents;
③ fire management organization and person responsible for fire safety at all levels;
④ fire safety systems;
⑤ fire facilities, fire-fighting equipment;
⑧ Allied Fire Department, fire department personnel and volunteer fire-fighting equipment is equipped with;
⑦ and fire safety-related key types of personnel;
⑧ new fire products, fire-resistive material evidence of compliance;
⑨ fire and emergency evacuation plan.

7.2 fire safety management should include the following
① firefighting agencies or legal instruments;
② fire facilities regularly inspect records, automatic fire-fighting facilities comprehensive inspection test report as well as the maintenance of records;
③ fire hazard and its rectification records;
④ fire inspections, inspection records;
⑤ for gas and electrical equipment (including lightning and electrostatic), and other records;
⑧ fire safety training records;
⑦ fire and emergency evacuation plan for training records;
⑧ fire records;
⑨ fire record of rewards and punishments.

8 Summary
Fire safety key unit must strictly implement national and local Government's fire safety laws, regulations, regulatory and technical standards, to strengthen and standardize their fire safety, independent management modelPrevention of fires and to reduce fire hazards.

【 Weak current College 】 fire warning message---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Rich dry, difficult burning 1 poor
Hidden today, tomorrow, disaster
Trouble at the moment, in peacetime
Negligent fire, painful moment stuffed life regretting the late
Wolves get away from the flock, find people in violation of the fire
Check the cursory, fire glorifies
Thousands of heap into mountain, a spark source destroyed by Dan
Pay attention to the fire safety of fruits, overlooked by the scourge
There are old, there are small, there is a fire with joy
The use of fire accidentally harm and damage others
Fire, safety and well
All alert fire, a man paralyzed damage they
Million fire not too much, a person is caused paralysis
Victims avoid calamities
Very safe, happy
Want to earn money, ensuring safety, to rich off accidents
Fire safety to concentrate, prevention often accuse
Luck, 000 and the source of the fire
Once saved, violation of pine fire behind
The secret to success lies in earnest, the lessons of failure is careless
To neglect of duty, careful fire crisis
Security is the biggest savings, fire is the biggest waste of
Life, safety first
Always remove the everyday around the fire insurance you life safety
Safe to say, fire prevention, Ann to danger, no worries
Fire prevention, is not difficult to observe regulations
See fire fire burned themselves, there are rules that disaster stricken by
Its not as good as afterwards we cry, zunzhangshouji beforehand
Fire danger is not subject to, equal to the given forest
Fire everyone catch, happiness of millions of home
Insurance fire safety thousand days, more than a fire accident 1
Fire and benefit gonggar, fires and losses occur at the same time
The most important business benefit that fire safety first
Blood fire regulations, in violation of harming harm family
Security is the guarantee of a happy family, fire is the bane of life tragedy
Fire safety you tube I tube, you tube is safe;
Fire danger you check I checked all enquiries party security.
Fire shall not let off a little fire, do not deposit protection against accidents shall take a half-point
Fire safety guard from long-term, fire from instant paralysis
Prefer a thousand days not loose, not 1 not anti-stuffed Fortune
Grasp the fundamentals from the think big, start small fire had proceeded to
Ships to the River midstream later, the fire terrorized regret later
Fire prevention first, safety
The eye has no place in a grain of sand, the fire to be sloppy in half-point
A few glasses of wine is also a catalyst for the accident,
A cigarette may be the prelude of a fire
Million fire not large, a man on fire shall not
Paralysis is the fire's brother, vigilance is fire fighter
Hole not big hole hard blocking, small intensely with non-blocking
Fire safety shall always alarm, cherish life when sober
Security is the protection of happiness, fire risk security governance
Wise, learned has short before notes; fool, not in the face of lessons
Quick knife not mill will rust, fire does not grab out imperfections
Anti fire safety begins at home, by mid-safety health for all House music-000
Zombie snake didn't bite is not a nature friendly, fire risk did not wear them is by no means has security
Silk wear total in place broken, fire often weak links appear
Flowers are carefully cultivated droop, production do not pay attention to fire broke, sooner or later
Fine grain with an umbrella full band, fire resistant fat should not
Ning for safety drills, broken heart, don't let fire disaster people
You are in violation of inescapable fire on your unsparing
Fire can't rely on hindsight, in order to secure to be twice
Tolerance, stem from fire zuojian since dead, caution to be safe and sound
The most important business benefit that fire safety first
Fire safety not lucky, violation of reckless to life
Friends of adventure is fire, care for the safety of
Fire prevention measures to be thin, fire prevention assured
Fire risk phrase thousand million, fire prevention first
Thousands of thousands, thousands of fire education first
Ignorance and increase the risk for Italian will fire and guard against security
Security management perfection refinement, fire accident achievement of zero
Fire safety is the foundation of life. fire safety is the ladder of joy
Fire safety for paralysis, derives from the alert
Fire-safe family tragedy, Director for life composing a song
Senior superior command of fire regulations
Fire safety braiding happy Garland, violation of fire causing memories from me
Follow the rules, the laughter of a loved one; illegal use of fire, the grin of death
Paralysis is the greatest risk of fire, the failure is the greatest misfortune

【 Weak current College 】 five fire safety management knowledge-Power By 【 China power house network 】

1. fire, explosion-proof top ten ban to doing the work of the fire, must comply with the following ten ban.

The first is strictly forbidden to smoke in the factory and the carrying of fire and flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive items into the factory.

The second is failing to comply with the prescribed procedures for the use of fire, in-plant construction by fire or household fire.

Article 3, is strictly forbidden to wear and easy to generate static clothing into oil and gas area.

Article 4, is strictly forbidden to wear shoes with Iron nails into the oil and gas and flammable, explosive devices.

Article 5 is strictly forbidden to use gasoline, volatile solvent cleaning equipment, clothing, tools, and ground.

Article 6 is strictly forbidden without the approval of motor vehicles entering the production plant, tank farm and flammable, explosive area.

7 non-emission of inflammable, explosive materials and hazardous chemicals.

8 non-ferrous metals in oil and gas area used or easy to spark tools beat, impact and job.

9 non-blocking fire channel and random misappropriated or damaged fire fighting facilities.

Article 10: no damage to the factory in explosion-proof facilities.

2. "no fire" management principles

In the production process, production and maintenance, renovation, and other job requires fire, if the site exists is flammable, explosive gases or substances, must adhere to the field "five no fire" management principles, namely the replacement does not completely do not fire; analysis of unqualified does not fire; pipeline without blind plate do not fire; there is no security confirmation do not fire; there is no fire protection equipment and supervise the fire did not fire.

3. fire "five letter five no letter" principle

In the petrochemical industry, etc. There are flammable, explosive, enterprises in fire approval, the approval vote to uphold t fire. Five letter five or not ', ' principle that believe blind Board does not believe that the valve, believe in yourself check does not believe in others, believe that the analysis laboratory data do not believe the feel and smell that recursively signature does not believe in verbal consent, believe that science does not believe that empiricism.

4. preventing electrical mishandling "five-step operation"

-Electrical malfunction "five-step operation" means a careful check, carefully fill, UNMOVIC, simulation, double action, password operation. Not only QC, loopholes, elimination of errors, and to start the machine, have complementary advantages, the error on the Elimination of behavior.

5. prevent running oil storage tank (metal) 10 provisions

For petroleum and chemical storage tank production facilities, you must perform the following 10 provides:

Article 1, point in time to check and carefully checked.

The second oil dehydration, not from people, avoid oil leakage.

3 oil basis, approved process to prevent the risk of conspiracy.

Article 4, first open the oil tank switch is off, to prevent the holding pressure.

5 tank check after use, can come into use.

Article 6 delivery, scrupulously scene to avoid mistakes.

Article 7, periodically check breathing valve to prevent shrivelled.

Article 8 shall not exceed the heavy oil heating to prevent sudden boiling.

Article 9 out of the pipeline, timely processing, to prevent freezing point.

Article 10 the new cans into use, acceptance of visa before into oil (material).