【 Weak current College 】 fire safety key unit of fire protection to independent management model---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Summary: for fire departments for fire safety key unit new supervision model, explores the key unit of fire safety on fire safety in autonomous mode, focus on improving the fire safety of oneselk capacity to prevent and reduce fire hazard has a guiding role.

Keywords: fire safety; introspection; self-correction
In the past, Guangzhou 300 municipal fire safety key unit although every year to make an adjustment, but not too large fires occur, mainly Guangzhou Gonganxiaofangju on municipal fire safety key units per quarter to check once the timely discovery of fire hazards, and to supervise the rectification. At present, according to the Guangzhou fire safety key unit defined standards, requirements, Guangzhou key unit of fire safety is 8000. On these units, Guangzhou Gonganxiaofangju per year will be organized inspection, on the other units in each of the Organization of an inspection. Fire safety key units in the face of the Fire Department of new supervision and examination mode, you must change the concept of "fire safety self-inspection, fire hazard, legal responsibility at his own self-correction of" fire safety of autonomous management system, and effectively improve the ability of oneselk, fire hazards and proactively.
1 implement "whoever is in charge, who will be responsible for the principles
"Whoever is in charge, who is responsible for" principle, which is a unit of fire safety work by this unit, who heads which will work on the work of fire safety.
(1) the units of the legal representative to the Organization's responsibility for fire safety work; legal representative authority in charge of a work of leadership and the leadership of the various functional departments, to the competent work of fire safety.
(2) unit within the workshop Director, foremen to this workshop, the workshop has overall responsibility for fire safety work; Deputy to pair responsible for fire safety within the scope of work.
(3) of the team leader of team is responsible for fire safety work, while at the same time, the "who's on the job, who is responsible for the" fire safety responsibility of every employee. In accordance with the "who's in charge, who is responsible for" principle, from flats, workshops, tracks to post workers, everyone has to to the work of fire safety. Vertical, from top to bottom, level on the level; landscape, from where to divide line. So, what exactly, horizontal to vertical, from top to bottom through, Criss, form a comprehensive, multi-level units fire safety management network, implementation of fire prevention is everyone's responsibility, the resulting unit full fight with the fire of harmony and a tense situation.
2 establishing oneselk fire safety organizations
Organization of mass oneselk is fire work socialization of important content, is the work of implementing the "fire-prevention-oriented, non-binding ', ' approach. In the flat, establish and improve oneselk fire safety organizations, is to mobilize workers do a fire prevention measures.

Establishment of obligations of the fire brigade 2.1
Obligations of the fire brigade from units not divorced from the workers in their production, to work on the basis of voluntary, at oneselk backbone role to play in.
2.1.1 Organization building basic principles
(1) fire safety key unit should establish obligations for the fire brigade, other units can establish obligations for the fire brigade (Group).
(2) the fire brigade personnel number 54 services, should generally be follow not less than 10 per cent of the total number of employees of standard construction team; the fire risk of larger enterprises and institutions by not less than the total number of workers, various material warehouse 30Z by not less than 70 per cent of the total number of employees in proportion to the production team.
(3) the obligations of the firefighters to lean, selection of employees as a unit. Production (work) backbone, team leader and special types of workers, should actively participate in the volunteer fire brigade, should ensure that each workshop, each team, each shift has a duty to the firemen.
(4) units shall be composed of obligatory fire brigade unit Administration, defence, security, organization and leadership; the unit in charge of the fire at the fire brigade for the obligations of the organization.
(5) the obligations of the Fire Department should generally be set and vice captain and instructor, they should have some organizational skills, be familiar with the basics of fire safety and security sector personnel. The larger units, according to the internal reality consists of several units or ban, by sector, shop, workshop, teams of administrators as swampland or monitor.
(6) the obligations of the fire brigade shall establish the necessary learning, training, operational regimes, should regularly volunteer firefighters learn fire safety knowledge and training to fight fire skills early. General member focused training each year at least once.
(7) the obligations of the Fire Department should be active duty. Duty to have the necessary fire equipment and players personal equipment, configuration fire phone. In areas where conditions, it should also be set up during the night shift patrol system team rotation.
(8) equipped with a fire engine (pump) and no dedicated fire brigade unit, basic obligations should be organized fire ban, in full-time firefighter organization, players take turns in units as readiness task.
(9) the obligations of the fire brigade General each year should be adjusted. Players removed from status or ailing, time adjustment, to keep the team number and have basic fundamental backbone.
2.1.2 basic tasks
(1) be familiar with this post production process, the proper method of operation and the equipment (goods) performance. Familiar with the duties of the fire hazard, skilled use of the post configuration of fire-fighting equipment, the fight against this position beginning fire method, measures.
(2) careful implementation of this post, the units of all fire safety management system and has the responsibility to supervise this post other masses of common compliance with various safety system, proactive advocacy to post around masses, dare to criticize the fire of common sense, to discourage and prevent violations of fire safety rules, operating procedures and other unsafe behavior.
(3) to participate actively in the fire safety inspection and rectification of fire hazard activities, learning to use technology or other technical means of rectification of the post of General fire hazards.
(4) active maintenance and upkeep of good fire-fighting equipment and facilities.
(5) upon discovery of fire fighting and alarm time. Public security fire brigade arrived at the scene, quickly to provide fire extinguishing fire commander, under the leadership of the fire commander, combined with public security fire evacuation materials, maintaining order, brave fighting. Fire fight, should protect the good site, actively assist fire departments and units, a survey of the region concerned, drawing fire fire causes.

Establish professional fire brigade 2.2
The following units shall establish professional fire brigade: 1, nuclear power plants, large power plants, civil airport, large ports; 2, production, storage of flammable and explosive hazardous materials in large enterprises; 3, reserves of important material of combustible and large warehouse, base; 4, paragraphs 1, 2, 3, other than fire risk considerably, distance local public security fire brigade of the other large enterprises; 5, distance to local public security fire brigade afield as national heritage conservation units of ancient buildings of management units.
Professional fire brigade building team principles, fire prevention, operational readiness, Member conditions, benefits, wages and sources of funding should follow existing enterprises and institutions dedicated to the implementation of the fire brigade Organization Ordinance.

3 developing fire awareness education
Fire is not subject to geographical and temporal and spatial limitations, that is, no fuel and fire place may fire. Fire a variety of reasons, buildings, equipment and other physical conditions. However, more important or human factors, that is, the vast majority of fire is paralyzed because of people's thoughts, illegal operations, the use of fire caused by careless. In addition, some people because of the lack of fire safety knowledge, in the event of fire, panic, cannot be disposed of in a timely and effective manner, with the result that the little hazard causing fires. In order to prevent fires and minimize fire losses, on the one hand to improve building, equipment and other physical conditions; on the other hand to improve workers ' Trade Union of fire vigilance, enhanced fire awareness and knowledge of universal fire, give full play to the workers ' struggle with fire.

3.1 trained staff and time requirements
Fire safety key units on each employee should at least once yearly fire safety training, public gathering places on employee fire safety training should at least every six years, the unit responsible for fire safety and fire safety Manager, designed (and) the level of fire management, fire control room shift and operations staff should receive specialized training in fire safety.

3.2 fire awareness education forms
Units can fire press, fire, film and television, internal circuit television or radio, posters, banners, warning signs, fire knowledge competition, visit fire exhibition, organized fire games, wallpaper, Blackboard and other forms of publicity in the fire.

3.3 fire educational content
Union fire awareness education, to help themselves, to targeted, close to the actual production and living, its content should include combustion fire safety knowledge, electrical, chemical and hazardous materials knowledge, building fire safety, fire fighting and basic knowledge, etc.

4 developing fire safety self-inspection
Fire safety self-inspection is unit implement fire safety measures to prevent significant means of fire, is to mobilize and rely on the cadres and workers with fire fighting effective form. Fire safety self-inspection is designed to detect and eliminate fire hazards in this unit, to implement advanced control of fire accidents before they happen. Fire safety self-inspection is not an arbitrary behavior, to State and local governments to enact laws and regulations of fire, the regulations and technical standards. Fire safety self-inspection is a long-term, regular work, not once and for all, as any one unit of production and living facilities, and production, scientific research and other tasks in the evolving; season in reincarnation, climate change, a different season and climate on fire safety work have different requirements; it's fire prevention often with working conditions or other factors changes; when weak when strong, as reflected in the fire safety when working on it. In order to adapt to changing circumstances, must frequently, repeatedly carry out fire safety self-inspection, enable a variety of fire safety measures for new and new, because things change. Conduct fire safety self-inspection, generally take regular checks and seasonal checks. Check in addition to all parts of the General checks, on key parts to check focus.

4.1 units of introspection
Units of introspection is in charge of the unit of fire protection, under the leadership of the defence and security technology and specifically (and) level fire officials as well as the obligations of the firemen and for workers ' participation. There are 3 ways: ① class, group, check. This check is to ensure that units of fire safety and reliable basis. In accordance with the requirements of the post fire accountability to classes, group leader or security officer, firefighter, on the shop floor, section or warehouse, cargo, and other Department of fire safety inspections. Particularly in the former, class after class and the shift of check is especially important. ② night check. Strengthen the night check, is effective in preventing serious fire. This inspection, primarily rely on night duty of cadres, guard and post secondary (and) level fire officers. Key check power supplies, fire, and other anomalies, loopholes, eliminate risk. ③ periodic inspection. According to the season, with the relevant safety activities, the unit leadership to organize and participate in. In addition to all of the parts common checks, should fire highlights areas for focus checking. By checking and concentrate on solving some of the usual difficult problems.

4.2 introspection of focus
In every key unit, is not the focus of local are everywhere; in a non-focus unit is not important parts. Therefore, in the key units and non-focus unit to determine the important parts, fire focused management as key check. Units should be listed as key parts of the body, usually the following areas: ① fire-prone areas. As chemical production plant and paint, baking, boiled condensed, carpentry, welding gas cutting operations; laboratories, garage, chemical dangerous goods warehouse; flammable,Burning liquid storage tanks, combustible, combustion gas cylinders warehouse and storage tank, LPG cylinder library or storage tank; oxygen, acetylene, hydrogen station; inflammable building groups, etc. ② fire effects on the overall site. Such as power plants, substations (room), communication equipment room, total production control room, computer room, boiler room, archives, documents, valuables and important historical documents collection rooms. ③ property set parts, such as storing large amounts of raw materials, finished products warehouse, freight yard, use or storage of advanced technology equipment for laboratories, workshops, warehouses, etc. ④ staff focused sites. If the internal Hall (Club), nurseries, halls, hospitals, etc.

5 fire hazard self-correction
Eliminate fire hazards in the key steps in the rectification; rectification does not implement any form of fire safety check will fail, as peas, meaningless, and therefore can not reach the goal of disaster prevention. There is no fire hazard of rectification work, little effort can often takes time, you need to input such as funds, materials, equipment, technologies, venues, etc, to rectification and fire hazard certain difficulties. But fire lessons require, when a dispute arises between safety and production, must adhere to the principles of safety first. Rectification and fire hazard a resolutely, second, a sense of urgency. Rectification and fire hazards to reality, it is necessary to ensure the security and economy. Units at the request of the fire of rectification is as follows:
(1) leadership. Improvement of the effectiveness of fire hazard, the key is the importance of leadership. Fire hazard of rectification necessarily involves funds, materials, and many other investment, encounter some difficulties. Thus there are two attitudes: one without the others, and do everything possible to completely hidden rectification; one is highlighted difficulties, delays, drag the risk as "persistent", this "hidden" idea will lead to keep suffering from plague, the result is a "provincial money, cleaners, this" huge fire losses, far from the input of rectification and fire hazards to compensation. Therefore, the requirements do clever entrepreneurs leadership, good balance, good at coordinating logistics, fire safety, bold, bold, willing to long-term plans. So, fire hazards must be eliminated, for the production of building and safety to create a good environment.
(2) and checking. To check out of the fire hazard, immediate rectification, immediate rectification, must not be delayed.
(3) the moment cannot be solved, fire hazard, units should take effective preventive measures and set items, people, pay close attention to reform implementation.
(4) on some major fire hazards, the unit's own efforts difficult, should promptly to the competent Department and submitting reports, settled in; at the same time an effective emergency response measures.
(5) on "deficient" architectural layout, fire resistance ratings, the fire separation, fire, water and other aspects of the problem, you really can't solve, the departments concerned should be included in the construction, reconstruction, and gradually to be addressed. In the absence of settlement, the units should take certain necessary, temporary remedies to ensure safety.

6 development of fire emergency evacuation plans and drills
Fire safety key unit should develop a fire and emergency evacuation plans, including the following: ① organizations, including: fire-fighting operations section, the communications group, evacuation guidance group, security protection and rescue groups; ② alarm and alarm disposition program; ③ emergency evacuation procedures and measures of the Organization; ④ fire extinguishing the beginning of the program and measure; ⑤ communications, safety and rescue procedures and measures for fire safety key units shall, in accordance with the fire and emergency evacuation plan for, at least every six months to conduct a walkthrough, and connection with reality, and constantly improve the plan. Other units should be combined with the actual reference to the development of appropriate emergency programmes, at least once a year.

7 establishing fire archive
Fire safety key unit should establish the relevant fire safety of archives, can play a "household name ', ' role. In peacetime, it can be used as the unit of fire safety the importance of the work. In the event of fire and explosion, becomes trace fire cause and distinguish between accident liability, responsibility, supporting material, but can also provide the fire technical facilities to provide direct reference material. Fire records should include basic fire safety and fire safety management. Fire-was detailed, comprehensive archives should reflect the basic unit of fire, and accompanied by the necessary changes in the chart, depending on the situation in a timely updates.

7.1 fire safety basic information should include the following
① units on the basic and important parts of fire safety;
② building or premises construction, using or pre-opening design audit, fire protection and fire safety inspection and acceptance of the documents;
③ fire management organization and person responsible for fire safety at all levels;
④ fire safety systems;
⑤ fire facilities, fire-fighting equipment;
⑧ Allied Fire Department, fire department personnel and volunteer fire-fighting equipment is equipped with;
⑦ and fire safety-related key types of personnel;
⑧ new fire products, fire-resistive material evidence of compliance;
⑨ fire and emergency evacuation plan.

7.2 fire safety management should include the following
① firefighting agencies or legal instruments;
② fire facilities regularly inspect records, automatic fire-fighting facilities comprehensive inspection test report as well as the maintenance of records;
③ fire hazard and its rectification records;
④ fire inspections, inspection records;
⑤ for gas and electrical equipment (including lightning and electrostatic), and other records;
⑧ fire safety training records;
⑦ fire and emergency evacuation plan for training records;
⑧ fire records;
⑨ fire record of rewards and punishments.

8 Summary
Fire safety key unit must strictly implement national and local Government's fire safety laws, regulations, regulatory and technical standards, to strengthen and standardize their fire safety, independent management modelPrevention of fires and to reduce fire hazards.