【 Weak current College 】 go; building a fire extinguisher maintenance period, scrap the interrelated deadlines

The 2008 National GB50444-building fire extinguishers configuration check and check the code for preparing management group deputy team leader

The Ministry of public security fire Research Institute of science and Technology Department of Shanghai research fellow

Tang Zhu Hua 2008-10

Talkabouttherelevancyeachother＆definitevaluelogicallyofthetimelimitofmaintenanceandthetimelimitofobsoleteforeachtypeextinguishersinbuildingsTANGzhuhua（ShFRI，Shanghai200032）

Summary: this article focused, summary discusses building fire extinguisher repair conditions and maintenance period, building fire extinguishers scrap and waste time, as well as building a fire extinguisher maintenance period and end date of interrelated and logical value, and sets out the national standards for the construction of fire extinguishers configuration check and check code GB50444-2008 and industry standard fire extinguisher maintenance and scrap statute GA95-2007 specific relevance and their focus.

Keywords: construction, maintenance and repair of fire extinguishers; period; date; scrap; fire; standardization of national regulatory standards.

Table of contents

Short sequence

I. building a fire extinguisher maintenance management of the importance and necessity of

Second, building fire extinguisher repair and maintenance period

III. building a fire extinguisher of scrap and waste time

IV. building fire extinguisher maintenance period and end-term value associated with the

5. national regulatory and industry standards associated with the focus on

VI. gas cylinder-type fire extinguishers are forced out of the question

Seven, dry powder, halon closed recycling

8. fire extinguishers and the disintegration of processing and end-of-life safety

9. building a fire extinguisher updates and equivalent alternative

[Author]

Short sequence

Our production and use of fire extinguishers, in brief, available 8 to briefly summarize it, it really is a "large amount, there are everywhere."

According to the 2005 incomplete statistics, China's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, not including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, the manufacturer of total fire extinguisher is approximately 300, with an annual output of various types of fire extinguishers were about 3000 million, of which exports about $ 10 million. Therefore, in recent years, every year about 20 million with a fire extinguisher is put into use, configure the various types of industrial and civil construction of buildings and structures, as well as configuration in cars, trains, ships, aircraft and other means of transport and military equipment.

According to the 2005 incomplete statistics, China's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, not including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, there are fire extinguishers maintenance vendors about 3000, many provinces have more than 100 fire extinguisher maintenance company, little province also has dozens of fire extinguisher maintenance enterprises.

Therefore, how to manage such a large number of fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher repair businesses and manufacturers to ensure that the fire extinguisher production quality and service quality, and do a fire extinguisher maintenance and management, strengthening the day-to-day supervision and inspection and expiration are compulsory retirement, referred to the agenda.

I. building a fire extinguisher maintenance management of the importance and necessity of

It is true that such large quantities of fire extinguisher maintenance and management, that is both important and heavy. Its aim is not merely to guarantee your site configuration of fire extinguishers are always in good working condition, that is, its performance index can remain in the product scope of the standard requirements, to emergencies can play its fight since the beginning of the first line of fire of the mass of the conventional role of fire fighting equipment and power.

At the same time, there is also a very important purpose to ensure that use extinguisher mass of field personnel of their own safety, the requirements for fire extinguishers pressure resistance intensity must be qualified. This is because the fire extinguisher is both a conventional fire extinguishing equipment, you can fight the beginning a small fire; but it is a pressure vessel, if improper maintenance and management, on the use of staff has the amazing potential danger, is likely to explode the vicious assault maimed and killed.

In 1982, the Ministry of public security, Ministry of labour and other five ministries have jointly issued requesting to take measures to stop the fire wounding maimed lethal accidents continue to occur.

To the 1990s, this incident in the still is in some parts of our country.

To this end, at the national level, the Ministry of public security to 15 December 2000, to the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Public Security Bureau (Bureau) Fire Department, issued public arc [2000] No. 423 on "implementation of fire extinguishers configuration supervised units and periodically check the maintenance functions to ensure the effective beginning of fire suppression of" require all fire organization, according to urge the regional agencies, organizations, enterprises and institutions, to carry out fire safety duties and to strengthen the science of fire extinguishers in the unit selection, reasonable configuration, maintenance, strict management in a timely manner.

By the Ministry of public security chief editors of People's Republic of China industry standard building fire facilities maintenance management, are already national security review, approve, publish as industry standard GA587-2005, and since 2006-05-01.

By the Ministry of public security fire editors-in-Chief of Shanghai People's Republic of China National Institute of the building fire extinguishers configuration design code, now have national security audit, Ministry approved, published as a national standard, its number is GB50140-2005, 2005-10-01.

By the Ministry of public security fire editors-in-Chief of Shanghai People's Republic of China National Institute of the building fire extinguishers configuration check and check the code, now have national security audit, the National Ministry of housing and urban-rural approved, published as a national standard, its number is GB50444-2008, 2008-11-01.

By Jiangsu Province, Heilongjiang province, Guangdong Province Public Security Bureau, fire chief editor of People's Republic of China public security industry standard fire extinguisher maintenance and scrap Statute, now have national security review, approve, publish as industry standard GA95-2007, 2007-10-01.

Therefore, the configuration of fire extinguishers on owners, agents, or users should clear the responsibility of the maintenance of fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher specified professionals responsible for the maintenance and management.

Fire extinguisher maintenance and management is to ensure that the fire extinguisher, often in good condition and important measures to ensure that the urgent need to use fire extinguishers successful fight the beginning a small fire.

Building maintenance and management of fire extinguishers, in accordance with its features and tasks that can be classified building fire extinguisher maintenance management, including the configuration check, Visual inspection and maintenance, as well as building a fire extinguisher maintenance, scrap and updating content.

Stick to the regular maintenance of fire extinguishers and expires end-of-aim is to safeguard the architectural fire extinguisher product quality always competent and in emergency situations the use of safe, effective and timely in the fight against the beginning of the construction site, try to minimize fire fire hazards, the protection of personal and property safety.

Fire extinguisher is both a combat fighting all kinds of industrial and civil buildings since the beginning of the first line of fire of mass

Conventional fire extinguishing equipment, but also with the pressure of the pressure vessel. Therefore, to protect personal safety, not only protect the fire

The scene of the personal safety of the persons concerned, but also to protect the use of fire extinguishers fire fight the beginning (the first fire-fighting officer

Use extinguisher is the scene of most of the masses, and not entirely alarm deployed, well-trained police post

Professional fire fighters) of its own security. GB50444-2008 national specifications, but also to ensure that the use

Extinguisher mass field of their own safety, people-oriented.

Second, building fire extinguisher repair and maintenance period

GB50444-2008 national norms section 5.3.1 stipulates: the existence of obvious mechanical damage, corrosion, fire extinguishing agent release

Dew, use or maintenance conditions comply with other fire extinguisher should be timely maintenance.

That is, through monthly checking existence of mechanical damage found to fire extinguishers, serious corrosion and chemical exposure, is opened or used, or meet other conditions of the maintenance condition and scrap, even if the fire extinguisher and never used, should also be immediately sent to professional maintenance units or production enterprise, by professionals for maintenance and disposal.

More importantly, GB50444-2008 national norms section 5.3.2 stipulates: fire extinguisher maintenance period shall be consistent with the requirements of the table 5.3.2.

Table 5.3.2 fire extinguisher maintenance period

Fire extinguisher type maintenance period

Portable fire extinguishers GA GA fire extinguishers factory expires 3 years;

First maintenance after less than one year

Pusher fire extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers (storage pyramid) dry chemical fire extinguisher factory expire 5 years;

First maintenance after 2 years

Portable (gas cylinder type) dry powder fire extinguishers

Trolley (storage pyramid) dry powder fire extinguishers

Trolley (gas cylinder type) dry powder fire extinguishers

Clean gas fire extinguishers, portable clean gas fire extinguishers

Trolley type clean gas fire extinguishers

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers portable extinguishers

Trolley carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

Section 5.3.2 shall belong to the mandatory provisions, should be strictly enforced.

When the fire extinguishers from the time the factory has reached or exceeds the requirements of the table 5.3.2 maintenance period, even if the fire extinguisher and have not used previously, must-carry and hydraulic test. The first maintenance/hydrostatic test of fire extinguishers, subsequent maintenance/hydraulic test period interval should also meet the requirements of the table 5.3.2.
GB50444-2008 national norms of 5.3.2 of the fire extinguisher maintenance period to make a more specific provisions,

In two situations:

One is to not have a fire extinguisher maintenance provides maintenance for the first time the "period";

Second, on the maintenance of fire extinguishers provided for "maintenance period interval."

According to the fire extinguishers containing extinguishing agent properties and fire extinguisher cylinder pressure container level, this water-based fire extinguisher maintenance period is shorter, dry, clean gas, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher maintenance period is long, including the first maintenance period after the next, second and third maintenance period interval of "maintenance."

It is important to note that reach GB50444-2008 national norms require repair or maintenance conditions of each have a fire extinguisher in each maintenance, hydrostatic test shall be carried out. The specifications referred to in the maintenance, non-means fire extinguishers factory expires one year and subsequent annual general overhaul, but thorough, comprehensive inspection of the normal maintenance, you must include the extinguisher and compressed attachments to the hydraulic test to accurately ensure fire extinguishers pressure resistance intensity (security). Therefore, pursuant to the "first" and the "maintenance period for maintenance period interval", is also "the first hydraulic test period" and "hydraulic test period interval."
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III. building a fire extinguisher of scrap and waste time

1, scrap types

GB50444-2008 national norms of the section 5.4.1 establishes should be end-of-fire extinguisher type.

5.4.1 the following types of fire extinguishers should be scrapped:

1 pH-type fire extinguishers;

2 chemical foam-type fire extinguishers;

3 the use of fire extinguishers; inverted

4-chloro bromomethane, carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers;

5 national policies strictly out of other types of fire extinguishers.

This section is specific to the type of fire extinguisher should be scrapped, a total of 5 categories. These types of fire extinguishers that are technologically backward, products become obsolete when its blast, fire fighting, it is possible to use staff produces mechanical injury or harm, and toxicity are part of the worldwide/international phase-out of fire extinguishers. Therefore, once the fire extinguisher monthly checking, inspection or stringent week check and found these types of fire extinguishers, even if it had not been used before, when to scrap, without maintenance.

This section is a compulsory provisions should be strictly enforced.

2. end of life criteria

GB50444-2008 national norms of article 5.4.2 bar provides fire extinguisher should be end-of-life conditions.

5.4.2 there is one of the following should scrap of fire extinguishers:

1 serious corrosion, rust cylinder size is greater than, equal to the cylinder has a total area of 1/3, surface pits;

2 cylinder is obviously a serious deformation, mechanical damage;

3 is there a crack head, and no pressure relief agencies;

4 cylinder to flat bottom, irrational structure;

5 no portable batch blast institutions;

6 no name and manufacturer, including nameplate shipped date, or a nameplate, but can not see the name of the factory or the factory date stamp cannot be identified;

7 barrel with soldering, brazing or supplement such patches marks; drop-

8 burned too.

This section is in fire extinguishers monthly checking, inspection or stringent week check, easy discovery of fire itself serious product quality problem, provided should be end-of-9. There is one of the nine kinds of fire extinguishers, when its Jet, fire fighting, not only affect fire effect, and may have to use the service. Therefore, once the inspection found the fire, even if it had not been used before, when to scrap, without maintenance.

This section is a compulsory provisions should be strictly enforced.

Term 3, scrap

GB50444-2008 national norms of the first article 5.4.3 should be end-of-use of fire extinguishers.

5.4.3 fire extinguishers factory time reaches or exceeds the requirements of the table 5.4.3 should scrap scrap period.

Table-of-life period 5.4.3 fire extinguishers

Fire extinguisher type-of-life period (years)

Portable fire extinguishers GA GA fire extinguisher 6

Pusher fire extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers (storage pressure type) 10 extinguishers

Portable (gas cylinder type) dry powder fire extinguishers

Trolley (storage pyramid) dry powder fire extinguishers

Trolley (gas cylinder type) dry powder fire extinguishers

Clean gas fire extinguishers, portable clean gas fire extinguishers

Trolley type clean gas fire extinguishers

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers hand-held extinguisher 12

Trolley carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

This section is a compulsory provisions should be strictly enforced.

Importantly, GB50444-2008 national norms section 5.4.3 stipulates that, when the fire extinguishers from the time the factory has reached or exceeds the requirements of the table-of-life period 5.4.3, even if the fire extinguisher and never used, should be scrapped.

IV. building fire extinguisher maintenance period and end-term value associated with the

GB50444-2008 national norms in 5.4.3 shall determine the duration of the fire extinguishers in scrap.

Any type of fire extinguisher service life are limited. Because of the extinguisher internal actuation extinguishing agent filled with gas pressure, therefore, will involve a certain degree of risk. Stick to the regular maintenance of fire extinguishers and expiration scrap is to guarantee the normal fire extinguishers, safe use.

Using more than scrap period of fire extinguishers, not only the fire effect, and is likely to cause injury to personnel. Therefore, as long as they meet or exceed the scrap period, even if the fire has not been used, shall be promptly scrap.

Duration of fire extinguishers and its maintenance period end is closely related to the organic Internet, and with the relationship of the logical reasoning. This article about a fire extinguisher with the end-of-life period maintenance principles echo deadline, water-based fire extinguishers have a shorter duration of scrap, dry, clean gas fire extinguishers scrap period longer, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, scrap the longest.

Welding structure, withstand voltage of fire extinguishers, water pressure test if too many times, its structure, metallography and welds, etc have a greater impact, therefore its hydraulic test cycle, the maintenance period should be shorter, hydraulic test number should be less, the total number of no more than 3 times, its duration is also should be scrapped a shorter.

Seamless steel pipe structure, the fire extinguisher cylinder pressure, the water pressure test of the total number of no more than 4 times, its duration is also should be scrapped.

Water-based fire extinguishing agents on the corrosion of the extinguisher, its more obvious to the hydraulic test cycle, the maintenance period isShort, the expiry of three years should be shipped first maintenance, after every 1 year to carry out a repair, but not more than 3 times in total. I.e.: 3 + 1 + 1 = 5, five years after the year end, GA fire extinguishers were identified for a period of 6 years end.

Dry powder fire extinguishers and clean gas fire extinguishers factory expire 5 years should be maintained for the first time, after every 2 years maintenance, but no more than 3 times in total. Namely: 5 + 2 + 2 = 9, 9 years after the end of the following year, established a dry powder fire extinguishers and clean gas fire extinguishers scrap for a period of 10 years.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher because of seamless, pressure vessel, the expiry of five years should be shipped first maintenance, after every 2 years maintenance, but not more than 4 times in total. Namely: 5 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 11, 11 years after the end of next year, it established a carbon dioxide fire extinguishers scrap for a period of 12 years.

5. national regulatory and industry standards associated with the focus on

This chapter briefly since 2008-11-01 national standard which has been in place since the construction of fire extinguishers configuration check and check code GB50444-2008 and since 2007-10-01 implemented industry standard the fire extinguisher maintenance and scrap statute GA95-association between 2007 and focused on.

GA95-2007 industry standard provides for building fire extinguisher maintenance conditions, maintenance procedures and technical requirements, but does not provide for building fire extinguishers maintenance period.

GB50444-2008 National specification provides for building fire extinguisher repair conditions and maintenance period, as well as after the first maintenance period for maintenance intervals, this in fact and in practice will ultimately limit the maximum number of building fire extinguisher maintenance (water pressure strength test) number or scrapped.

Standard specification for the ministries in charge of the management and guidance, through the establishment of national standards and industry standards group to prepare a group of multiple coordination, reached the following consensus:

GB50444-2008 national specifications section 5.4.1, 5.4.2 respectively provides for building fire extinguishers should scrap the type, conditions, as regards the maintenance of fire extinguishers and comprehensive examination of the serious quality problems, such as the hydraulic test of strength is not qualified, the cylinder or head thread damage, or water-based fire extinguisher cylinders internal coating failure, etc., but should be end-of-fire extinguisher, by GA95-2007 industry standard specifications.

With regard to the maintenance of fire extinguishers, GB50444-2008 national regulatory provisions only to the maintenance of fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher maintenance enterprises as conditions, fire extinguisher maintenance personnel's qualification, hydraulic test projects, content, and the test pressure, as well as a fire extinguisher maintenance procedures, safety procedures and technical requirements, etc., are made by GA95-2007 industry standard specifications.

VI. gas cylinder-type fire extinguishers are forced out of the question

In recent years, in some regions of China occurs multiple times because the gas cylinder mftz explosion caused casualties of malignant accident.

For example, the Chongqing municipal fire station in 1998 and 1999 second year has issued three services:

1998-09-10 to Chongqing public elimination rounds [1998] 200 man "on hold zigong fire equipment factory production MF4 and MF5, MF8 air tank-type fire extinguishers to the emergency notice";

1999-04-25 to Chongqing public elimination rounds [1999] 120, text "stop using gas cylinder mftz notification";

1999-09-27 to Chongqing public eliminating fat [1999] 270, the text "about the recent series of gas cylinder-type dry chemical fire extinguisher exploded causing personal injury accident notification";

These files require the Chongqing municipal jurisdiction ceased production, sales, maintenance and use of cylinders and fire extinguishers, the urgency and necessity of its visibility.

The Chongqing public elimination rounds [1999] No. 120 wrote: "the last two years, the city has been a spate of many portable gas cylinder dry chemical fire extinguisher exploded wounding, dead serious incidents, resulting in 3 deaths, 4 injured in serious consequences. The reason, in addition to the fire extinguisher parts exist quality problems, the use of units for fire extinguisher maintenance mismanagement, causing serious corrosion, the cylinder is occurring fire extinguisher exploded wounding incident. Gas cylinder-type fire extinguishers, because of the cylinder are normally not loaded, the use of gas cylinder in high pressure gas instantaneous release, causing a sudden pressure cylinder, at this point if the cylinder, head, capping, quality does not meet requirements, or because of corrosion caused intensity reduction cannot afford normal working pressure, it is easy to result blast injury accident.

In order to ensure the security, the Corps decided from now, in the city ceased production, sales, maintenance and use of gas bottles of dry chemical fire extinguisher. ”
Another example, Liaoning province in July 2004 and November 2005, the two causes of fire deaths and injuries caused by the explosion. To solve the current fire extinguisher use and maintenance of existing problems, improve the configuration of fire fighting equipment units, quality and efficiency, avoid a recurrence of the fire extinguisher exploded wounding incident, Liaoning Province Public Security Bureau, fire station was released in March 2006 the Liao Xiao [2006] 20 man "on strengthening the management and use of fire extinguishers maintenance company supervision and inspection work," and decided to strengthen the management and maintenance of fire extinguishers with supervision and inspection of enterprises, and increase the quality of the maintenance of fire extinguishers. Of these, also expressly emphasize that the prohibition of the use or maintenance in 1998 before the production of mobile air tank-type fire extinguishers.

Now, China's provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government has stopped the production, sales, maintenance and use of gas bottles of dry chemical fire extinguisher. So, whether GB50444-2008 national norms and GA95-2007 industry standards to make explicit provision for? pending furtherTo study and explore.

Seven, dry powder, halon closed recycling

International standard ISO11602-1-2000 selection and configuration of fire extinguishers, and international standard ISO11602-2-2000 fire extinguisher inspection and maintenance of fire extinguishers containing of halon fire extinguishing agent, for recovery are clearly defined.

Halon fire extinguisher scrapped before it must first be loaded therein of halon fire extinguishing agent for recovery through a closed device and stored in the national halon bank dedicated tank, then the provisions under the protection of the environment, or the need to place the actual demand, on halon fire extinguishing agent for destructive splitting and environmentally clean emissions, or, for suitably purified, purification and regeneration. In short, no emissions to the atmosphere, halon fire extinguishing agent to prevent damage to the ozone layer of atmosphere, in order to ensure that the human ecological environment.

To prevent other aspects of environmental pollution, in the maintenance of the extinguisher and halon fire extinguishers, etc., should all use of state-certified for recovery unit to recovery agent.

8. fire extinguishers disintegration process and scrap safety

GB50444-2008 specification section 5.1.1 provision "inspection and maintenance of fire extinguishers shall be borne by the relevant technical staff", section 5.1.4, "maintenance of fire extinguishers, scrap should be determined by a fire extinguisher production enterprise or professional maintenance units". The above requirements is called fire extinguisher maintenance units, manufacturing companies need to have the appropriate level of maintenance of the qualification, maintenance staff should be trained and certificated professionals. At present, domestic fire extinguisher maintenance market chaos, so the above provisions is that a fire extinguisher inspection, repair and scrap the formalization and standardized work towards one of the Basic Act.

Fire extinguishers scrap is a professional, dangerous work, not anyone can operate. Fire extinguishers scrap programs including pressure relief, demolition, fire extinguishing agent for recovery, in the cylinder and the disintegration of the processing on drilling, and with pressure operation, it should be entrusted with the maintenance of the qualification of units, conducted by a professional technician, you must have the necessary protective measures and security procedures to prevent accidents.

Scrapped after fire extinguishers shall be conducted in the cylinder on drilling and other destructive disintegration process, and you want to paste the "scrap" flag, the prohibition to continue to use, is strictly prohibited to be mixed with qualified fire fighting products.

9. building a fire extinguisher updates and equivalent alternative

GB50444-2008 national norms in the article the fire extinguisher 5.4.4 scrap an equivalent alternative after.

5.4.4 fire extinguishers should be scrapped, in accordance with the principle of equivalent alternative for replacement.

In order to ensure the fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher scrap does not affect the configuration of the overall fire-fighting capability, special provisions in this section

Fire extinguisher scrap, shall, in accordance with the principle of equivalent alternative update and replacement.

Equivalent alternative meanings include: new fire extinguishers species, temperature application range wait should be an integral

Fire extinguishers, fire level and configure the number of fire extinguishers shall not be lower than the former.

This section is a compulsory provisions should be strictly enforced.

That is, after the fire extinguisher scrap, must be in accordance with the principle of equivalent alternative, in the original set point position, reconfigure the fire suppression level not lower than the first wife of fire extinguishers, fire extinguisher, applicable type.

[References]

1, Shanghai Institute of the Ministry of public security fire-extinguishers of the architectural People's Republic of China national standard configuration design code GB50140-2005 Beijing: zhongguojihuachubanshe, 2005

2. the Ministry of public security fire editors-in-Chief. Shanghai Research Institute of the building fire extinguisher People's Republic of China national standard configuration check acceptance and standard "GB50444-2008 Beijing: zhongguojihuachubanshe, 2008

3. international standard ISO11602-1-2000 in the fire of the selection and configuration of the International Organization for Standardization, 2000

4. international standard ISO11602-2-2000 fire extinguisher inspection and maintenance of the International Organization for Standardization, 2000

5, Jiangsu Province, Heilongjiang province, Guangdong Province Public Security Bureau, fire station preparation. People's Republic of China public security industry standard fire extinguisher maintenance and scrap statute GA95-2007-Beijing: CEN, 2007

6, Tang Zhu Hua-China fire services standardization course calendar — 2003 fire monitor calendar and 2005 fire extinguisher calendar. Shenzhen "Asia fire on 2008-06

7. the Ministry of public security and the State in 1994 November joint publication gongtong Word 【 1994 】 094 No. 【about in non-essential places to stop and then configure the halon fire extinguishers notification 】

8. Ministry of 1999-02-01, issued by public-Word 【 1999 】 No. 031 【about phase-out of halons fixed fire extinguishing systems and halon fire extinguishers for 】

9, the Ministry of public security 2001 01 Aug published public eliminating 【 2001 】 217, Wen, 【 on further strengthening the halon substitutes and alternative technology management notification 】

10, the Ministry of 15 December 2000 release of the public with 【 2000 】 No. 423,

【About supervise unit implement fire extinguishers configuration and periodic inspection maintenance functions to ensure the effective beginning of fire suppression of 】
11, Tang Zhu Hua Editor. "architectural fire extinguishers configuration design manual. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and technology press, 1995

12, Tang Zhu hua. regarding the extinguisher level physical concepts and topics of discussion: the architecture of Shanghai machine electricalCheng on 2008-09

13, Tang Zhu Hua-version — construction of fire extinguishers configuration principles of selection of Beijing: the fire technical and product information,

2007-05

14, 2005 the national standard GB4351.1-extinguishers part 1: performance and structural requirements of Beijing:

CEN, 2005

15, 2005 the national standard GB4351.2-extinguishers part 2: portable fire extinguishers

Seamless steel bottle requirements of Beijing: CEN, 2005

16, the national standard GB/T4351.3-2005 the extinguishers, part 3: inspection rules. Beijing: CEN, 2005

17, 2005 the national standard GB8109-trolley fire extinguishers on Beijing: CEN, 2005

18, Tang Zhu Hua-version — the construction of fire extinguishers configuration design code of fire extinguishers configuration benchmarks. Tianjin: the China water supply and sewerage Act, 2006-08

19, Tang Zhu Hua Lin of the China fire protection Handbook, vol. 6, paragraph 4 article "building fire facilities, Chapter 12," building selection and configuration of fire extinguishers, P730 ~ 750, 2007-12 1st Edition 1st printing, Shanghai Science and technology press

20, Tang Zhu Hua Lin of the construction of water supply and drainage design manual, Chapter 6, "the building fire 7 the construction of fire extinguishers configuration on 2008-10 2nd Edition, first printing press in China construction

[Author]

Tang Zhu hua (1942-05 «), male, Ministry of public security fire Research Institute, Shanghai Science and Technology Department, research fellow, who GB50338-2003, 2005 and GB50140-GB50444-2008 three national norms of the management group of the Deputy group leader, nowadays mainly engaged in the revision of national standards and management, as well as national, industry fire product standards review of presentation.

Contact address, zip code, phone, Shan Nan er Rd, Shanghai, no. 601, 200032 road, 13601762111.

【 Weak current College 】 on automatic fire alarm and fire control system design and equipment selection (2)---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Second, the system selects the

Automatic fire alarm system of the protection object is part of a building or buildings. Different buildings, its nature, importance, fire risk, building structure, fire resistance ratings, distribution, environmental conditions and management forms, etc. The design should carefully study the situation, according to different circumstances choose different automatic fire alarm system.

(A) the system determines

Automatic fire alarm system is a trigger, fire alarm, fire alarms, as well as with other accessibility devices consisting of fire alarm system, is to inform the fire, the early detection and timely to take effective measures to control and extinguish fires set in buildings or other premises by an automatic fire-fighting facilities, are people with fire a powerful tool in the fight.

Alarm system determines the general alarm was the entire system, including parts of point detector alarm button number, and fire hydrants, automatic doors, automatic valves, limit switch, etc. to determine the total amount. That is the size, level of the building, use the function. Automatic fire alarm system of forms, especially in recent years, the research, design units and manufacturers jointly developed some type of automatic fire alarm system, such as intelligent, bus, etc., but in the project application, the most widely used are the following three basic forms: zone alarm system, central alarm system, alarm system control center.

1, zone alarm system

This system is a set of alarm zone to one area alarm controller, system area alarm controller should not exceed 3, area alarm controller on duty yishe room, place.

System see the following figure. 2. set the alarm system to report to the regional, area alarm controller 3 single, centralized alarm system. Set alarm system at least one centralized alarm controller and two or more area alarm controller set alarm controller should set someone on duty a private room or indoor fire ban. System see the following figure.
3, alarm system control center building large scale, there are important to protect objects, fire control equipment and special fire control room, alarm system with control center. System see the following figure.
The above system cabling and detectors, alarm type. With two-wire (that is, the zone alarm to each probe for second-line). Zone alarm is used alone to n + 1, to set alarms to n + N/8 + 1 + 3 + 1-style, design, construction and more convenient, and cost reduction.

In addition to these systems, the domestic manufacturers have implemented bus system alarm. Different manufacturers bus system is different, but the common denominator is the bus system, address encoded form.

(1) the second bus system centralized alarm system. Zone alarm to detector line just two buses that every part of the controller has its own number, which is a part of an address unit. If JB-QB-50-2700/076-type, for example, it adopts advanced single-chip technology, the CPU host will continually to addressing unit from code. When addressing unit receives a host of signal, to determine if the addressed units of code and host of the code is the same as the addressing unit response. The host receives the addressed cell returns address and status, signal processing, judge: If addressing unit correctly, the host will continue polling; determine if the fault signal, will issue a fault zone of sound, light and alarm signals. In case of fire, the master confirmed that the fire alarm signal is memory, also issued fire area sound, light and alarm signals.

In a real application, if one zone alarm control, in the second bus can add 50 addressing unit; controlled two layers, each layer 2 bus can add 35 addressing unit; control of three layers, each layer 2 bus can pick 25 addressing unit. 076-zone alarm extension type can set 200 addressable unit.

(2) three bus system centralized alarm system. The alarm is a single-chip 8031 to central control unit, computer management and three-wire system alarm. Three bus system through three bus and charged of the regional alarm. Three bus system in engineering application comes in two forms: floor repiter-central alarm system, regional alarm — set alarm system.

① floor repiter-central alarm system

Floor repiter can address probes sent code, code, display the layer of alarm, a broken line fault alarm function. The system applies to every layer does not exceed 32 alarm parts, floor no duty point, first floor, there are always on duty.

② zone alarm – alarm system set

By regional alarm and standards set alarm consisting of two-level management bus system, fire alarm system, applicable to each alarm number, location and floor desk-sized hotels and other buildings.

Take bus system alarm system wiring is simple and easy to design, construction, and other alarm system compared to more interface elements.

(Ii) fire control system

Fire control system has no linkage, live interaction, centrally coordinated several forms.

In a real project, alarm systems and fire fighting system with the following form:

1, regional — set alarm, horizontal linkage control system.

This system each layer has a compound area alarm controller, he has an automatic fire alarm function, can receive some of the alarm signal, such as Manual alarm button, flow meter, fire dampers, linkage control some fire equipment, fire doors, rolling doors and exhaust valves, etc., and to set alarm send alarm signal and interlocking device action feedback signal. This system is mainly intended for advanced hotel building, each layer or zone service personnel on duty, there is a whole floor of fire control centers, specialized arcAnti personnel on duty.

2, regional — set alarm, vertical linkage control system.

This system is mainly used in high-rise "Matchbox"-hotel building. Such buildings standard layer, alarm zoning comparison rules, each floor has a service staff on duty, the whole building a fire control centre.

3, large regional alarm, vertical linkage control system.

This system is mainly suitable for no standard storey office buildings, such as information centres, libraries, archives, etc. This class of buildings of every layer does not have the service staff is on duty, it is not advisable to set zone alarm and fire alarm great regional center, specialized fire officers on duty.

4, area: set alarm, decentralized control system.

This system field in the linkage between devices with the "control box", to implement in-place control device, the device action feedback signal sent to the fire service center. Fire Centre on duty can also manually manipulate linked devices. This system is suitable for small and medium high-rise building and room size.

In addition, automatic alarm and fire control in one of the fire extinguishing system, such as automatic fire-extinguishing appliances. FJ-2714 This system is mainly used in the computer room and generator room, valuables warehouses, archives, library and other places of automatic fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing. Fire-extinguishing, pharmacy has strong capacity, high efficiency, small metal corrosion, non conductive, long-term storage is not bad, not deface fire objects, etc., but the cost is high.

Automatic fire alarm system design, you must follow the guidelines, policies, norms and public security fire department about regulations for protection of objects, be safe and reliable, technologically advanced, affordable, easy to use. Automatic fire alarm system of the protection object is part of a building or buildings. Different buildings, its nature, importance, fire risk, building structure, fire resistance ratings, distribution, environmental conditions and management forms, etc. The design should carefully study the situation, according to different circumstances choose different automatic fire alarm system: Protection object is not large, important level, you can choose the zone alarm system, when the area alarm controller vertical warning detection area on each floor, each floor of the staircase is obviously part of the lighting installation identification floor to show devices fire (especially during the night of fire), be able to locate the fire zone, and rapidly take the appropriate measures; protecting the object size, criticality, concentration, linkage, also may use the set alarm systems or control center and alarm system.

Ultimately, the choice of ways to alert, to determine what kind of system, should be based on actual projects.

【 Weak current College 】 on automatic fire alarm system linkage control design suggestions

Automatic fire alarm system is there for the early detection of fire, and promptly to take effective measures to control and extinguish the fire of an automatic fire-fighting facilities, is indispensable for the modern fire protection technical means. Automatic fire alarm system consists of a trigger, fire alarm system, fire alarm system and other accessibility features of the device. As the senior civil building design fire protection standard, the architectural design fire protection standard, fire technical regulations implementing Executive, throughout many important sectors, fire safety key unit and vital parts are equipped with automatic fire alarm system, and the vast majority have played an important role. The automatic fire alarm system linkage control a number of related issues, for your reference.

First, fire control room to cut off the parts of the non-fire power way

The automatic fire alarm system design specifications "section 6.3.1.8 stipulates:" fire control rooms in confirmation after fire, should be able to cut off the parts of the non-fire power ... "the way to artificial cut off, or you can automatically cut off. But in the current building projects, the use of automatic cut off by the majority, and in the larger context cut non-fire power.

Recommendation: non-fire power cut way to manually, and when the use of automatic cutting manner, you must use double signal control to prevent the single signal cut off power to the non-fire, malfunction, disturb people normal office, production, order, and may even result in undue losses, and cut off the order should consider the floor or the scope of the fire prevention division-by-case basis, when the power is cut off the non-fire should be limited, in order to reduce the power of unnecessary panic.

Second, fire control room on fire shutter of linkage control mode

For the second step of reduction of fire shutter, the automatic fire alarm system design specifications "section 6.3.8 stipulates:" when the smoke detector actions after the shutter down to distance (floor) surface 1.8 m; thermal detectors actions after the shutter down to the end. "Design and construction often will heat detector unit located near the fire shutter, but from the actual circumstances, the defective. Fire shutter in large-area, big space of shopping centres, theatres and cinemas, as fire compartmentation application, due to the large space signal propagation, line effects, laying of fire shutter only rely on both sides of the heat, smoke signals as linkage control signals, safety and reliability of its action cannot be guaranteed.

Recommendation: If the setting automatic sprinkler system, you can set the flow meter or alarm valve signal as fire shutter of linkage signal to increase fire shutter of linkage action of reliability.

3. fire control room on the elevator control mode

The automatic fire alarm system design specifications "section 6.3.1.9 stipulates:" fire control rooms in confirmation after fire, should be able to control all of the stops on the first elevator, and receive their feedback signal. "On the elevator control in two ways: one is the elevator control to display trays located in fire control rooms, fire watch officer may direct manipulation; the other is in the manual to confirm the real fire, the fire control room to the elevator control room issued fire signal and force the elevator of the directive, all elevator stopped on the first floor for the downlink.

Opinion: elevator is vertical channel's main means of transport, linkage control must be safe and reliable. The higher degree of automation in buildings within the available before the fire the elevator room smoke detector linkage control elevator.

IV. fire control room on fire emergency broadcast control mode

Fire, time to fire district fire alarm, orderly evacuation, the organization is to guarantee the personal safety of important aspects. The automatic fire alarm system design specifications "sections 6.3.1.6 stipulates the procedures require" second floor and above the building there is a fire, you should connect the burning layer and its adjacent upper and down ... ".

Recommendations: on the control of the fire emergency broadcasting should be focused on "order" to avoid confusion for stress, affecting the evacuation, first a minimal scope for alarm signals, emergency broadcasting in accordance with the staff after the location away from the scene of an alert in accordance with the order, the organizers of an orderly evacuation. In addition to the emergency circumstances should order the evacuation.

5. fire control room on fire sprinkler system control

Automatic sprinkler system is a way to automatically start, sprinkler, and cannot be given fire signal of fire control system, it is the building on the widest range of applications, the amount of a maximum number of automatic fire extinguishing system. The automatic fire alarm system design specifications "section 6.3.3 stipulates a fire control equipment on the sprinkler system of control and display features mainly has following several: first, the control system start-up and shutdown; second, showing flow indicator, alarm valve, safety valve for operation; the third is to show the fire pump work, a failed State."

Think: to ensure that automatic sprinkler system reliability, should increase the control valve on the fire pump power supply and work situations, fire water tank, water tanks, such as display monitoring of water level, which is conducive to the fires and the usual maintenance and debugging work.

6. fire control rooms to smoke, smoke exhaust system control

Fire, smoke is causing fire casualties. Smoke, smoke exhaust system is to exclude a large number of fires, smoke and gas to ensure that the building personnel took refuge with the smooth, safe, and to create favourable conditions for fire and rescue. The automatic fire alarm system design specifications "section 6.3.9 stipulates a fire control equipment on smoke, smoke extraction facilities should have control, displays, features are: one is to stop the relevant parts of the air conditioning, closed electric fire dampers, third is to receive feedback signal.

Opinion: given the exhaust fan, positive-pressure blowers are set on the roof or keep away from fire control room location, usually the State should be automatic. Conditions allow, the exhaust valve should be set and smoke detector interlockAutomatic opening device, in addition to the fire when it opens, usually remain blocked State. At the same time exhaust valve and exhaust fan interlock, when any of the exhaust valve is opened, the exhaust fan should be able to start, after the confirmed outbreaks of fire, fire control, remote control.

【 Weak current College 】 do electrical equipment for fire prevention

Electrical equipment failure caused by the fire would be unthinkable that sometimes occur "burning even the tablets make a large number of electrical appliances burning, even electric shock accident. Therefore must be carefully analyse the cause of electrical fires occurred. Electrical testing
First, the transformer failure fire prevention measures
The cause of the failure to run due to a severe overload, short circuit coil insulation damage, transformer oil quality aging, connections or tap Office contact resistance is too large, external circuit short-circuit high-voltage fuse failure fuse, core damage and oil arc flashover, lightning, and other causes. As the transformer filled with insulation oil, fire resistance, grave consequences, ranging from injection sparkling, heavy oil is due to the decomposition of internal pressure gasification enables transformer, resulting in a rapid rise, a large number of the shell burst leaking oil combustion. Its preventive measures as:
(1) power transformer should be installed fuse or relay protection equipment, capacity is large it should also be attached to the gas relay to promptly shut off with the power transformer failure.
(2) strengthen insulation monitoring, periodic transformer insulation of preventive tests and maintenance of rotation.
(3) do the insulating oil management, aging, found oil into the water, dielectric strength is not enough, you should make the oil processing or replace qualified new oil.
(4) the transformer should be installed in the outdoor or fire-resistant grade I and II buildings, and should be well ventilated.
(5) strengthen management, often at peak load hours on transformer load monitoring, such as discovery overload should take measures to transfer loads or replaced with a larger capacity of transformer.
(6) to regularly check the arrester is working, the defective product should be replaced in a timely manner.
(7) the application of all-enclosed power transformers, high buildings and places of particular importance, you should use a flame or self-extinguishing properties of dry-type transformers or box-type substation.
2. line fault caused by fire prevention measures
Failure is due to electrical circuit overload, short circuit and connection contact resistance is too large, the line current caused by excessive heat damage to the insulation material of serious fire burning, sometimes occur in the vicinity of electrical discharge, make a fire Tinder. In addition, when you received the wrong line maintenance. For example, 220V 380V circuit circuitry received, or high-voltage line break, a touch in low-voltage lines will cause a fire accident. Its preventive measures are as follows:
(1) to prevent a line of severe overload, according to the circuit on the size of the actual load, reasonably choose wire cross section.
(2) the right to choose automatic circuit breaker or fuse rating, and conductors of safety matches the current carrying capacity, and are not allowed to use copper wire instead of a fuse. The legacy of rubber cover knife switch, high current fuse connections are often difficult to tighten, and arc or spark, is not secure.
(3) the qualified electricians install line, more unusable waste wire privacy la mess. Circuit connectors must be received by the sheath, to make contact with good, put tube conductor to have the connector. Indoor and outdoor wire connection should pack to insulating blanket, is not damaged or exposed.
(4) construction site cable line terminal head and joints are according to specifications, should not be more than the specification length on tall buildings or other important place for people-intensive, use a flame-resistant properties of the cable.
(5) aluminum conductors and electrical equipment outlet and connect with copper and aluminium transition joints, current very little good to touch, to prevent the oxidation of aluminium surface and cause bad contact.
(6) on bare conductors and between live parts and grounding parts between adequate safety distance. Conductors overhead suspension time should not be too loose, so that when the conductor short-circuit in the wind.
3. motor failure fire prevention measures
The cause of the failure is due to the long-run overload, winding insulation damage-turn or white shorts, a phase-three phase motor, motor power mechanical parts failure hinges stuck and motor brush sparks caused by the burning of combustible substances and other reasons, its prevention measures are as follows:
(1) electric motor selection to meet fire safety level, in the wet, dusty environment should use closed-type motor, flammable and explosive environment should use explosion-proof motor.
(2) motor should be installed in non-combustible around the base, should be maintained with combustible lm distance above, and not piling debris.
(3) each motor you must install a separate switch and the right fuse for overload protection, on the larger three-phase motor should be installed to prevent a phase of the two-phase operation of power protection equipment.
(4) strengthen the motor repair and maintenance work on the bearing should always add lubricants, brush to regular replacement, observe if the temperature is too high or there are no spark.
(5) motor starting number should not be too frequent, especially in the hot state the number of continuous starting should not exceed 1-2 times, starting time should not be too long, do not allow long-term overload.
(6) the motor power supply voltage should not be too high or too low, the unusual phenomenon, should be identified, after the motor uses downtime should immediately disconnect the power supply.
4. lighting failure fire prevention measures
The cause of the malfunction is flammable and explosive gas in place due to the installation of lighting fixtures spark-induced fires, Edison lampholders for incandescent lamps, Center tabs when you loose change light bulbs and plugs caused by fire, the connection is not secure loose cause fire, etc., in addition to administer a long wire breakage or when it may cause a fire. Its preventive measures are as follows:
(1) according to the different electricity occasions choose different electric lamps. Flammable and explosive sites should use explosion-proof lamps.
(2) light bulbs and fuel should be maintained between a safe distance, not close to combustibles.
(3) fluorescent lamps should not be immediately installed on combustible ceiling.
(4) household appliances when disabled should pull the plug. At the same time Plug and connect Office applications-welding processes.
(5) select the appropriate protector, and periodic testing.

【 Weak current College 】 builders fire safety work of management measures

Currently, many builders for welding, remnants of fire, a short circuit caused by the constant fire not uncommon, merciless fire exposure of some of the units and personal fire safety awareness rather weak, fire capacity is low, violation of self-help illegal operation, lack of fire safety emergency measures and emergency plans, and other violations, but also fundamentally has exposed some builders in China face fire safety, fire prevention is not optimistic. Although the Department of fire safety in the workplace has developed a series of provisions, measures, but not because of ideological, assume nothing, measures are not implemented, are not in place, mismanagement, and so this or that reason and cause site fire still occur from time to time, serious or even result in financial loss and loss of life, now that spring has arrived, the building site is gradually returning to normal construction, strengthening on the building site of the fire safety management is very important.
　　
Built-up and fire resistance rating of low, flammable and combustible materials free stacking, lacked the necessary fire equipment, arbitrarily piled material blocked the fire truck road, open flame job area stacking of flammable and combustible material, and dangerous goods storehouse is mixed, and so on are prevalent in the construction site of the fire hazard. Some of the buildings without fire department approval, the unauthorized construction, although after fire approval but construction units according to the intention of building units allowed to change a local graphic design, there are some units decoration cover fire facilities, reduce security export, exit and evacuation aisle design time net width and number, thus leaving a congenital fire hazard. Plus a portion of the building site construction units responsible for fire safety awareness of fire safety regulations, poor quality, do not know their own fire safety responsibilities, lack of knowledge of fire, subjectively reluctant to invest capital, purchase of fire-fighting equipment. Employment of temporary migrant worker mobility, lack of strict management and fire safety knowledge and training, fire safety awareness is weak, do not understand, do not master the basic knowledge of fire, do not use fire extinguishers fire extinguishing, does the early warning, does not organize evacuation, especially construction time is short, jobs, dispersed workers, it is difficult to carry out fire safety management work led to the fire hazard.
　　
The construction site of the fire hazard exists, to the State and people's lives and property a great threat to prevent construction site fire accidents, the author believes should take the following measures.
　　
A specification for law enforcement, fire departments, the strict examination and approval, avoid leaving congenital fire hazard.
　　
Fire departments in accordance with the implementation of fire inspection found during construction without the approval and authorization of units to deadline post-registration procedures, strictly in accordance with legal procedures, pursuant to national laws, regulations, regulatory and technical standards for effective supervision and management of science, with the ultimate goal of eliminating fire hazard.
　　
Second, reasonable planning construction site layout of fire safety, minimize the fire hazard. First, it is necessary to address construction site layout of the actual, reasonable Division the operation area, in particular the open operation area, flammable, combustible material yard, dangerous goods, such as the establishment of the regional Treasury, obvious signs that will fire risk large regional arrangement at the construction site of perennial leading wind direction downwind side or lateral direction. The second is to use nonflammable materials, reduce the construction site of fire load. Third, the migrant worker quarters near to configure some number of fire-fighting equipment, the large building site should set fire water tank as well as the necessary fire communications, alarm device.
　　
III. construction units to conscientiously implement the organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to fire safety management regulations "(Ministry of public security, order No. 61), strict fire safety management.
　　
First, determine the statutory representative or person in charge of security, on the construction site of the work has overall responsibility for fire safety, fire safety organizations established obligations, is responsible for the daily fire prevention inspections and for emergency treatment, and specifies the specialist is responsible for the safety of the work stoppage and inspection, there are no remaining focused inspections of cigarette butts, electrical ignition source, open fire, the fire.
　　
The second is on the employment of temporary workers must receive fire safety education, make them familiar with the basic knowledge of fire, fire, will be reported on the use of fire equipment, fire fighting, initially will be in particular to strengthen the electric welding, gas welding personnel of fire safety training for certificates.
　　
Three is to strengthen the construction site by the use of fire management. It is necessary to strictly implement dangerous sites use open flames and approval system, oxygen, acetylene cylinder two cannot mix, welding job you want to send a guardian, equipped with all the necessary fire-fighting equipment and, in the vicinity of the welding point made of non-combustible material plate block of clean, prevent around them and combustibles welding bead splash everywhere.
　　
Fourth, in the workers ' quarters, employee lounges, dangerous goods, such as fire danger to the Treasury Department have eye-catching non-smoking and other fire safety signs and, if necessary, set the smoking room or a designated safe smoking venue.
　　
Fifth, the strengthening of the construction site management. Construction unit identified after a fire safety training qualified electrician right reasonably installation and maintenance of electrical equipment, always check the electrical wiring, electrical equipment operating conditions, with emphasis on checking line connector for good, there is no device, for shorts fever, insulation damage and other phenomena.

【 Weak current College 】 on mechanical smoke control facilities in the fire problem in the acceptance

As China's economic construction fast development, high-rise buildings, underground works in some big cities like mushrooms and prospered. Modern high-rise buildings often makes extensive use of plastic decoration, the chemical fiber rug and furniture with foam padding. In the event of fire, Interior fuel and construction materials, decoration materials, flammable furniture, clothing and other combustible materials, such as in the combustion process produces a large amount of toxic smoke and heat, smoke does great harm to the human body, suffocating, poisoning still to death. According to a recent fire deaths statistics indicate that the fire deaths due to smoke smoked death accounted for about 50% to 70%, and burned to death in the majority of first asphyxia collapsed after burned to death. Construction of smoke control facilities in the fire for the safe evacuation and fire fighting created favorable conditions for, and control the fire from spreading. Therefore, the setting is very important for smoke control facilities. In order to design and install smoke control facilities, play, make sure that the State and people's lives and property. The mechanical smoke extraction facilities in fire acceptance of several opinions on. For reference purposes only.

First, review the settings part of smoke control facility complies with the specifications
(A) mechanical smoke settings parts. Under the high civil building design fire protection standard section 8.3.1 bis provides for the following positions should set the mechanical pressurization smoke control facilities:

1, do not have conditions of natural smoke exhaust smoke fire stairs, elevator room or room before use;

2. adopt the measures of natural smoke exhaust smoke staircases, its does not have natural smoke conditions before the Chamber;

3, closed asylum bed (room).

(B) mechanical smoke extraction settings parts.

1, according to the design of tall building fire code provisions of section 8.4.1: a class of high-rise buildings and building height exceeding 32m II the following parts of high-rise building, you should set the mechanical smoke extraction facilities:

(1) no direct natural ventilation, and longer than the inner passages or 20m although direct natural ventilation, but longer than the inner passages 60m;

(2) more than 100m2, and often someone stay or fuel more ground and set the windowless room or room with a fixed window;

(3) does not have natural smoke conditions or headroom above the Atrium 12m;

(4) in addition to using window wells, and other fenestration for natural smoke rooms, each room has a total area of more than one room area 200m2 or exceed 50m2, and often someone stay or so of more basement.

2, according to the civil air defense air engineering design fire protection standard law, the following part shall be located mechanical smoke extraction facilities:

(1) building area greater than 50m2, and often someone stay or so in more rooms, lobby and c. "workshop;

(2) total length exceeds 20m evacuation aisle;

(3) film and stage.

3, according to the garage, garage, yard design fire protection standard stipulates: over 2000m2 of underground garage should set mechanical smoke extraction system.

(3) dance installstion smoke, smoke extraction facilities set parts. According to the architectural design fire protection standard article 5.1.1 and tall buildings design fire protection standard of 4.1.5A bis, these parts should be fortified to smoke, smoke extraction facilities:

(1) dance installstion located in multi-story building and including four stories above a windowless room or room-room window, underground rooms, as well as more than 20m and no natural smoke evacuation aisle or directly on the natural ventilation, but longer than 40m evacuation in aisle;

(2) dance installstion located in high-rise building of the first floor, second floor, the third layer, the area over the windowless room 100m2 or supposes a fixed window of the room and over 20m and no natural smoke evacuation aisle or directly on the natural ventilation, but longer than 60m evacuation in aisle;

(3) dance installstion located in high-rise buildings up to and including four stories above a windowless room or room-room window, underground rooms, open the window size is smaller than the room area of more than 2%, and with no natural 20m smoke evacuation aisle or directly on the natural ventilation, but longer than 60m evacuation in the aisle.

2. check the system settings for conformance to specifications
(A) of the pressurization system for smoke: 1, more than 32 storey high-rise building is segmentation settings ventilation system; 2, smoke staircases and combined with former rooms are separately set the air supply system, when you must share a system, whether on the way to the front room with air duct pressure difference set on automatic control device; 3, refuge layer is a separate ventilation system; 4, scissors staircase is set independently for the air duct, with the wind as second staircase; 5 ways to determine if the pressure to meet the requirements.

(B) mechanical smoke extraction system: 1, ground and underground is common exhaust system; and 2 whether the individual settings of the Atrium, the exhaust system; 3, mechanical ventilation and smoke extraction system, air-conditioning system and, when combined, whether or not to take the reliable security measures; 4, aisle and room exhaust system is set separately; 5, each exhaust system with exhaust port number is more than 30; 6, basement room is also equipped with air intake system (air mechanical air or natural) into the air should be not less than 50% of the exhaust gas volume and reasonable airflow should be organized so that the smooth discharge of flue gas.

3. view the fan selection is justified.
(A) the smoke pressurization system air supply available look-up or calculation method to determine when the calculated value and the tall buildings design fire protection standard code table 8.3.2-1, table 2, table 8.3.2-8.3.2-3, table 8.3.2-4 inconsistent, whichever the greater value. Then select according to the air or in axial flow fan and low-pressure centrifugal fan.

(B) mechanical smoke extraction system exhaust fan choice whether: 1, when the burden of an exhaust fan for smoke partition, you should press the smoke partition area per square meter than 60m2/h; 2, when the burden of two or more smoke partition should be maximum preventing smoke partition area per square meter than 120m2/h; 3, the volume is less than 17000m3 Atrium, the exhaust gas volume by volume of 6/h ventilation calculation; the Atrium volume greater than 17000m3, its exhaust volume according to the volume of the 4th/h ventilation; but most small amount should not be less than smoke 102000m3/h. According to the size of the calculated value, you can select the centrifugal fans, axial fans, smoke, or you can choose to bring the power of a dedicated exhaust fan.

4. view the air or exhaust port settings location is appropriate
(A) positive-pressure supply outlet: 1, smoke stairway supply outlet is every two to three-layer settings, former room air is layer sets; 2, each supply outlet area size meets the design requirements. (B) mechanical exhaust outlet: 1, each smoke partition is at least one smoke exhaust vents; 2, smoke partition from the exhaust port within the furthest point of the horizontal distance is more than 30m; 3, exhaust port is located in the ceiling or wall near the ceiling; 4, each exhaust port area size meets the design requirements.

5. test smoke system feature is complete
(A) positive pressure ventilation system: 1, fan distribution meets the requirements, in the last level distribution box office is set up automatic switching devices; 2, fans in fire control room is one of the Start button, in the event of fire, pressure blowers can be started immediately; 3, supply outlet (except for opening pressure air) is set to manually, and automatic opening device, if there are any smoke detector chain of automatic opening device or fire control centre distance control of opening device; 4, smoke staircases, front room, shared room, fire before the elevator room, closed asylum bed (room) residual pressure value is reached the high civil building design fire protection standard article 8.3.7 bis regulations.

(B) mechanical smoke extraction system: 1, fan distribution meets the requirements, in the last level distribution box office is set up automatic switching devices; 2 whether the exhaust outlet, closed weekdays is set manually and automatic opening device, if there are any smoke detector chain of automatic opening device or fire control centre distance control of opening device; 3, in fire control room if there is a fan of one-to-one manual operation button;; 4, when any of the exhaust vents or exhaust valve is opened, the exhaust fan is able to boot; 5, in the exhaust pipes and exhaust fan room entrance is there when the gas temperature of more than 280 ° c, could itself off smoke fire dampers; 6, same smoke partition settings of exhaust port, can be opened simultaneously all exhaust port.

VI. other issues
1. smoke fan downlead of distribution lines with fire performance requirements;

2. air wind speed is not greater than 7m/s, the exhaust vents should not be greater than the wind speed 10m/s;

3, galvanized metal duct, the wind speed should not exceed 20m/s when using concrete block or asbestos Board other non-metallic materials, duct, the wind speed should not exceed 15m/s.

4, headroom than indoor Atrium 12m, vertical exhaust port is 2 to 3 layers of a smoke exhaust vents or segmentation settings;

5¡ ¢ exhaust fan is set in the exhaust system up to the upper part of the exhaust gas outlet does not use the upper to the lower deck of flue gas duct of the arrangement;

6. pressure blower is set free from building fire blower room, it is best to set on the bottom of the system, and the pressurization system of pipes should not be installed for fire dampers.

【 Weak current College 】 how to carry out fire safety check---Power By 【 China power house network 】

I. definition of fire:
　　
Where a violation of fire laws and regulations, and may cause a fire hazard or condition, are fire hazards. Fire safety laws and regulations including fire laws and regulations, regulations, fire technical specifications, which identified fire hazards, to refer the terms fire technical specifications.
　　
Second, check the requirements
　　
Inspectors not less than 2 people, with the standard police uniforms, produce enforcement documents. Fill out the finished checking fire inspection records from being inspected unit managers read after signature.
　　
Discover fire hazard and can not be corrected on the spot, should produce the ordered corrective notice on the date of the self check 4 working days of delivery.
　　
The day after the expiry of the period of rectification has 4 working days of the review of the rectification, review the date 3 business days to make written submissions to the review and for service. The review confirmed that no rectification shall punishments.
　　
3. the provisions of Decree 73 check content
　　
73 command of the fire inspection requirements article 10 provides that public ¡¤national fire agencies should check the following:
　　
1. check the units of buildings or places are legally adopted firefighting agencies fire design reviews, fire protection, fire safety inspection and acceptance;
　　
2. building compliance with nature;
　　
3, evacuation channel, security, evacuation signs, emergency lighting, fire engines, fire smoke partition channels, are consistent with the provisions of the fire separation;
　　
4. fire-fighting facilities run, fire hydrant and fire-fighting equipment configuration compliance;
　　
5, fire control room shift operator whether certificates;
　　
6. other content needs to be checked.
　　
These aspects of the problem by checking for fire hazard.
　　
IV. individual content inspection
　　
1, architecture and places of formalities checks. To a company check, first, to see the unit housing construction for the audit and inspection procedures for fire protection (recommended for new buildings to see, old building without view), hotel, hotels, shopping centre (shops), market, dance halls, bars, Internet cafes and other public places, to see if it is handled in the pre-opening of the fire safety check submissions ". If not, then under the FPPA.
　　
2. the nature of building use. The fire services act without the consent of the fire, will be allowed to approve a change of the nature of use. If the original design for the building into a hotel (farmhouse), the original design for the building into a hotel, the original design to the supermarket to commodity markets. Culture road wing building of the original design for the building, and later on two levels arbitrarily replaced Jan Jeffrey Wushu kindergarten, is ordered to move.
　　
3, safe export check.
　　
A number of checks is safe export. General public places require 2 or more secure export, an area of less than 60 square meters of space (such as small Internet cafes) you can set a safe exit.
　　
The second is safe exit width check. General safety outlet width not less than 1.4 m, especially major security exports.
　　
The third is opening the door safety exit direction to check out all the requirements.
　　
The fourth is free checking. Requirements are clear, no locking, blocking, obstructions, or set the threshold.
　　
V safe distance between exports. Principles requires that both security export settings in the opposite direction, with difficulty, two safe distance from the edge of recent export shall not be less than 5 meters, otherwise considered a safe exit.
　　
Six flags is safe export. Public safety export requirements to sign, glowing export general installation for strolling, or other convenient for people to see.
　　
4, evacuation channel check. Evacuation channels means aisle, corridor, staircase.
　　
First, check the open, shall not be required, locked, or set the heap of other effects of evacuation facilities (such as cool clothes).
　　
Second, the channel width check, General requirements guarantee that two people walking (1.4 m), difficulty with minimum width of not less than 1.1 m.
　　
The third is the exit direction sign checks. Evacuation aisle reach 20 meters or a corner, you should install in its appropriate location with an arrow indicating the direction of export, general installation for 1 m of wall surface, ground, difficulties may be installed on the aisle where the sky is easy to see.
　　
(4) emergency lighting. General public building stairs or aisle shall require the installation of fire emergency lighting, installation of density requirements can illuminate the ground, protecting passenger evacuation.
　　
5. fire truck road checks.
　　
A clear situation check is. Requirements for fire engines at least be able to reach the destination side of a building shall not have sharp turn, during which there shall be at the concourse, random stalls selling travel chaos built, 4 m clearance shall set the highlight of the canopy, pipes, wires, etc.
　　
The second is the width of the check. The minimum width requirement must not be less than the 3.5 m.
　　
6, fire extinguishers, evacuation signs and emergency lights, check good health check.
　　
First, a fire extinguisher. Fire extinguishers configuration requirements are calculated according to the national norms, but check the inconvenience, in the calculation of reckonable: each 50-60 sq m placed a group, or 15-20 meters placed a group.Each group shall not be less than 2, not more than five. Fire extinguisher requirements placed in clear, easy to access location, the nameplate shall baoshai DPRK shall not too humid. General requirements with pressure gauge, other old fire extinguisher requirements. Fire extinguisher General 2 years maintenance, replacement of a pharmacy. Check the gauge pointer to found the red zone, which has been invalidated. Selection of fire extinguishers, General workplace requirements with ABC-type, oil, combustible gas site requirements-ABC-type or BC.
　　
2 evacuation signs and emergency lights, check good condition check. Usually require plug power, can not light, but unplug requires can be lit. Dance halls, bars, Internet cafes, night business premises, emergency lights, installation, require a power failure, the establishments brighten, protect the evacuation. In addition, the arrow must not be used on paper instead of the regular evacuation signs.
　　
7, fire hydrant, and automatic fire-fighting facilities.
　　
First, the Visual inspection, require clear, shall be screened, occupy, shall not be used for any other purposes, the door should generally be used wooden or glass doors, the door shall be iron. Color is red, not painted and wall decoration of the same color.
　　
The second is good condition checks, request hand wheel, interface, complete with water, the water gun, well-connected, no breakage, worn-out.
　　
The third is the water check. Requirements of well-watered, and generally requires at least hoses and water 6-10 meters. Without water, valve may rust death could not be opened.
　　
Automatic fire-fighting facilities mainly refers to the automatic fire alarm system, automatic fire extinguishing system, smoke control system, and fire shutter, fire compartmentation. Main check failure, is illegal, deactivate, unattended, whether there is damage and impact of their use, if no power without water, etc.
　　
8, inflammable checks.
　　
Shopping, markets, dance halls, hotels and other public places, as well as basement shall, sales of gasoline, benzene, acetylene, liquefied gas, and other high risk inflammable special case is the hotel's own use of liquefied gas steel cylinder and diesel stove. Liquefied gas is generally 2-5 bottles, not large amounts of storage (more than 1 cubic meter, otherwise). In general you should check whether the gas hoses, valves of aging is intact. Hold it and place a liquefied gas bottles. Diesel stove pipe oil should be used, not the use of plastic pipe, yishe two valves. Open-air setting of tank and pipeline should lightning anti-static grounding. Hotel kitchen you should also check oil condition, such as heavy oil, cleaning should be ordered in a timely manner. Check the gas station. Mainly check fire extinguishers, trench landfill, facilities, electrical explosion-proof electrical ground, aerial wires, handling and management, as well as open fire management. Liquefied gas station checks. Mainly check fire extinguishers, water, fire, electrical fire separation, grounding, electrical explosion protection, overhead wires, combustible gas leak alarm, inbound traffic management, handling and management, fire management.
　　
9, electrical lines, facilities, check.
　　
First, check whether the aging line. View appearance, requires no bare (metal), no damage, no grease.
　　
Second, check the installation, firmly fixed, plugs, connectors, the wire without loosening the fastening groups wear protection, no mess pull out now, no-unknown thread, no-copper wire to replace the fuse, no-wires and other electrical facilities directly installed on the combustible material.
　　
Third, check the workload. Should have the specialized equipment inspection, no instrument can view the conductor has no obvious.
　　
10, building decoration.
　　
Decoration material inspection, dining, entertainment, kindergarten ceiling should be non-combustible materials (steel, gypsum board, etc.), walls (including curtains, fabrics) requires use of nonflammable materials (combustible material brush fire retardant); shangyeting, ceiling and walls are the hotel requires use of nonflammable materials. Kitchen, often using open fire place and underground construction, all decoration materials should be as noncombustible materials. Decoration layout check. Business, entertainment, food, and other business establishments shall not be set for employee accommodation loft with workshops or warehouse buildings shall set employee dormitories.
　　
11, unit internal fire management checks.
　　
First, check whether the Organization, according to the Decree 61 expressly responsible for fire safety, management, and clear duties; the second is to check the rules and regulations, whether prescribed fire safety system has been developed; the third is the (key) and search functions implemented, whether by Decree 61 requirements daily inspections and monthly fire safety check (check the account), whether for staff training; the fourth is checked (focus) as the fire Act establishing fire archives; fifth, the review of environmental management to see if there is fire management, power management, smoking, lax management